Demography -the study of populations:

birth & death rates,marriages, families, etc...

Population Density -the avg. # of people per square mile/km. Densest areas include:

1) E. Asia, 2) S. Asia, 3) Europe , 4) E. U.S.

Population Thesis -The worldwide trend over the past 50 years is increased urbanization.

Birth Rate -# of live births each year out of every 1000 people.

Death Rate - # of deaths each year out of every 1000 people.

Immigrants -people who move into a country.

Emigrants - people who leave a country to live elsewhere.

Metropolitan Areas -central cities & suburbs.

Urbanization - growth of

city populations

Rural Areas - countryside

or farming regions

Cultural Traits:Non-Material / Material

Cultural Traits:Non-Material / Material • Religion• Language• Gov’t / Econ.• Customs• Holidays• Social Groups

• Music / Dance

• Clothing• Jewelry• Food• Architecture• Technology• Tools• Art

Acculturation - adapting or borrowing traits from other cultures. (language)

Diffusion - (ex. hair styles)

spreading of traits from one culture to other areas.

Culture Hearth - a center of culture where ideas begin and spread to other cultures.

Defining a Country:1) Territory - land, water, resources in boundaries

2) Population - size & makeup of people

Defining a Country:3) Sovereignty - freedom & power to make policies & actions.

4) Government - structure & type of authority.

Government Structure:

Gov’t Type Gov’t Power

Unitarian - Central

Confederation - Units Federal - Shared

Gov’t Type - UnitaryOne central gov’t runs nation. Central gov’t makes all laws

(Britain & Japan)

Gov’t Type - Confederation

Smaller units keep their power and give a central gov’t limited authority. (Confederate States)

Gov’t Type - FederalA central gov’t shares power with smaller units (states).

(U.S.)

Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian:Leaders hold all or most of the power

Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian:1) Dictatorship – 1

leader with total power who gained power by force.

2) Monarchy - inherit power & rule as dictator.

Gov’t Authority - Authoritarian:Totalitarianism - total control over all parts of society: political, econ, pers. freedom

Government Rule

• Oligarchy: rule by a few

• 3 types:

• Plutocracy: rule by the rich

• Aristocracy: rule by the best• Junta: rule by military generals

Gov’t Authority - Democracy:People choose leaders & gov’t policy. Representative democracy citizens vote for reps. who make laws. (U.S.)

Economic Systems:Goods - “things” you buy

Services - something that you pay someone to do

Economic Systems:1) What (& how many) goods/services produced?

2) How will products be produced?

3) How will products & wealth be distributed?

Economic Systems:

Communism Socialism Capitalism

Communism - “controlled market” “state” makes decisions, owns & operates industries

Economic Systems:Socialism - “mixed econ.”

state owns & operates basic

industries with some private companies, shared

decisions on policies.

Economic Systems:Capitalism - “free market econ.” People make decisions Little gov’t control.

(supply & demand)