densimeter pressure (1)

8/10/2019 Densimeter Pressure (1)

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For density measurement in

continuous processes, several

methods are available based on

different technologies. Theseinclude: tuning fork, coriolis,

refractometers, nuclear meters

and hydrostatic pressure.

The SMAR DT301 is the worlds

first density and concentration

transmitter that can be used in

tanks or pipes. The unit is

powered by a 4-20mA current loop

and provides local and remote indication of density and/or concentration

values in user units (i.e., g/cm3, Baum, Plato, Brix, etc.). Additional

sensor parameters are also available via HART communications over the

4-20mA loop. It can also measure the interface level between two

different fluids in a tank. The DT301s high accuracy (0.0004g/cc)

provides users one of the most precise on-line densitometers for use in

virtually any application. Flexible installation options allow customers to

incorporate density measurements over a wider range of applications,

and do so economically.

Issue 001-5-03

Houston, TX phone 713 849 2021 fax 713 849 2022 www.smar.com - [email protected]

Smar International Corporation

ApplicationNotes

HIGHLIGHTS

1 SMAR DT301 TRANSMITTER

1.1 MEASURING PRINCIPLE1.2 INSTALLATION AND MOUNTING1.2.1 TANK MOUNTING1.2.2 ON-LINE MOUNTING1.3 CALIBRATION AND START UP1.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

2 DT301 VS. OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 NUCLEAR METERS2.2 VIBRATING FORK METERS2.3 CORIOLIS METERS2.4 INFERRED DENSITY2.5 REFRACTOMETERS2.6 HYDROMETERS2.7 LABORATORY ANALYSIS

3 APPLICATIONS

4 PAPER INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS4.1 BLACK LIQUOR MEASUREMENT4.1.1 LOW CONCENTRATION BLACKLIQUOR4.1.2 HIGH CONCENTRATION BLACKLIQUOR

4.2 GREEN LIQUOR MEASUREMENT4.3 INSTALLED APPLICATIONS

5 SUGAR INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS5.1 INSTALLED APPLICATIONS

6 FOOD & BEVERAGE APPLICATIONS6.1 FERMENTATION PROCESS CONTROL6.2 ALCOHOL DEGREE6.3 SUGAR BRIX DEGREE6.4 MUST DENSITY6.5 INSTALLED APPLICATIONS

7 PARTIAL REFERENCE LIST

Tank and Pipe Density/Concentration Measurementwith SMAR DT301 Transmitters


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www.smar.com - [email protected] - phone 713 849 2021- fax 713 849 2022 - Houston, TX All rights reserved. 2

ApplicationNotesIssue 001-5-03

Tank and Pipe Density/Concentration Measurement with SMAR DT301Transmitters

1. Smar DT301 Transmitter

The Smar DT301 Touch intelligent density and concentration transmitter uses a principle of differential pressuremeasurement between two points, separated by a recognized and constant distance to determine density. It may beused both in tanks and pipe lines.

1.1 Measuring Principle

The equipment uses a capacitive-type differentialpressure sensor that communicates via capillaries, with twodiaphragms immersed in the process, and separated by a fixeddistance.

The differential pressure on the sensor will be directlyproportional to the measured fluid density (see figure andformulas). The differential pressure value will not be affected byvariation in the fluids level, or by any pressure exerted above thefluid.

The DT301 also includes a temperature sensor, installedbetween the two diaphragms to compensate calculations, basedon process temperature. This also compensates for temperatureeffects on internal components.

The DT301 unit calculates the density resulting in ananalog 4-20 mA signal, proportional to density, or concentration(Brix, Plato, Baum, g/cm3, etc.). The same information maybe read on the local digital display, or remotely, via HARTcommunication.

Smars direct-to-digital circuitry provides a stabile andprecise output for control and/or data acquisition systems.

The Sma r DT301 i n te l l igen t dens i t y t ransm i t t e r

o f f e rs 0 .0004 g / cm

3

ac curacy fo r range 1 0 .1 Br i x ) , and may be used i n dens it y measurem ents f rom

0 . 5 g / c m

3

t o 5 g / c m

3

.

This measurement method is immune to level variations, or to the presence of oil on the containers liquidsurface, and may be used in open or pressurized tanks. The only requirement is that both diaphragms must be inpermanent contact with the liquid being measured, and installed in a vertical orientation.

The transmitter has no moving parts and is not affected by vibrations (an advantage over density metersbased on the oscillation of a sensing element).

h

Sensor

Capillary

? P = h.g. ?

? = ? P

h.g

Diaphagm


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1.2 Installation and Mounting

Its integrated design as a single unit makes it very simple to install. Itrequires only one penetration in the vessel, differentiating it from othermeasuring methods.

Smars density transmitter line includes an industrial model with aflanged connection (left photo); and a sanitary model with a typical Tri-Clampconnection (right photo). The sanitary model has a smooth finish on surfacesthat contact the process. This prevents product contamination and growth ofbacteria, meeting 3A compliance.

Both models, Industrial and Sanitary, may be mounted in the sideposition (in tanks), or from the top (in tanks and sampling devices - cage). Insome cases, the density transmitter may be mounted without interrupting theprocess, and its working principle doesnt require special lab calibration on start-up.

1.2.1 Tank Mounting

Generally, the model used for tank mounting is the side or bent model.This model is mounted on the tank wall, with a flange or tri-clamp connection.

When the transmitter cannot be mounted directly on the vessel, it can be installed on an external cage orchamber type device, as shown in the figures.

1.2.2 Pipe Mounting (in-line)

Flowing applications where in-line measurements are required, and neither storage tanks nor containersare available, can be easily accommodated with Smars intermediate cage. This allows the product to circulate asshown in the figures at left and center.

As the product flows into the sampling device simultaneously through the upper and lower ends,measurement is not affected by the fluids circulation speed.

Side Mounting Mounting inChamber


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Another mounting alternative is to use a small tank with unloading by overflow. The liquid rises, filling thetank, passing both diaphragm sensors and overflows to one side, as shown in figure at right above. With thisinstallation, the tank is designed to keep a fixed height of liquid in the column, completely covering both DT301diaphragms.

1.3 Calibration and Start-up

Programming of the DT301s range of work is done directly at a user-defined plant unit, without the need of

having the transmitter operating in the process. It can be done in a hand-held terminal or in a PC unit.

Since density and temperature normalization is calculated in the same unit, the only data required is the density andconcentration ranges to be worked on.

Power is provided through the same 4-20mA pair of cables. In order to check the loop during start-up, thetransmitter may generate a constant user-defined current output. A fundamental characteristic in the DT301 is that itdoes not require laboratory calibration, resulting in a simple set-up.

1.4 Operation and Maintenance

The DT301 offers direct indication of the fluids density and temperature in Engineering units. The samevalues are also available via the process loop (4-20mA) or digital communications (HART). In other systems thereading must be done with external computers. The DT301s diaphragms were designed to prevent depositing of

product solids. This can greatly reduce cleaning frequency. Occasional periodic cleanings should be maintained,however. The sanitary model was designed to work with CIP cleaning systems, and all parts contacting the processmay be washed down.

Measurement byoverflow

Sample tank inhorizontal pipe

Sample tank invertical pipe


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3. Applications

The DT301 provides values in Engineering units that are most applicable to the process. Examples includeunits such as (g/cm3, kg/m3), relative density (@20oC, @4oC) or concentration (Baum, Plato, Brix, INPM degree).Changing from one measurement unit to another does not require transmitter recalibration.

Some of the most frequent applications are:

? Food Oils:o Vegetable oilo Corn oilo Seed oils (i.e., peanut, sunflower, safflowers, etc.)

? Sugar plants and alcohol distillerieso Must and molasses Brix degreeo Syrup Brix degree in the evaporatorso Alcohol degreeo Lime milk

? Food industrieso Fruit concentrateo Cream and condensed milko Honey, marmalades, etc.

? Beverage industrieso Plato degree in beer fermentationo Alcohol degreeo Brix degree in gaseous dilutionso Brix degree in fruit juiceso Juice concentrate

? Chemicals and petrochemicalso Acid concentrateo Tolueneo Caustic sodao Lime milko Interface detection

? Paper industrieso Potassium hydroxide dilutiono Liquoro Lime milk

4. Pulp and Paper Applications

The DT301 density and concentration transmitter may be used in many paper processes. Substantialbenefits are obtained by replacing manual measuring methods and more expensive technologies with the DT301.

Some of the most frequent applications include:

Black liquor White liquor Green liquor Lime milk


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4.1 Black liquor Measurement

The density transmitter can be installed in-line or in tanks. The figure below shows an example of an in-linetransmitter, using a sample device through which juice passes for measurement.

In this example, juice flows in through two points located in the upper and the lower part of the device, andexits by the central point in the opposite side. Therefore, the load effect due to the liquor flow rate is eliminated.

4.1.1 Low concentration Black liquor MeasurementMeasurement ranges are normally 0 to 20oBaum, or 10 to 40 percent solids.

4.1.2 Measuring High Concentration Black liquor

Measurement ranges are normally 10 to 40o

Baum, or solids of 40 to 70 percent.

4.2 Green liquor Measurement

This application can be installed in pipe or in tanks, similar to black liquor. However, as the green liquor mayproduce incrustations, a mounting system should be chosen that facilitates cleaning the transmitter.

One of the best options is to mount the DT301 on an overflow sampling device, as shown below:


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The working range for this application extends from 0 to 30oBaum, or can also be displayed in percentage of solids.

4.3 User Applications

Company: Igaras Pulp and Paper

Location: Otacilio Costa (Santa Catarina) Brazil

Application: Percent solids measurement in black liquor

Mounting: Utilizes Smar ON-LINE sampling container

Company: International Paper of Brazil (Champion)

Location: Brazil

Application: Green liquor concentration measurement

Mounting: Side mount in tank

5. Sugar Industry Applications

The Smar DT301 transmitter can be applied in a wide range of applications. Examples:

Syrup Alcohol degree Molasses Juice Must (sugar processing) Lime milk


Company: Usina Barra Grande

Location: Lenois Paulista (SP) Brazil

Application: Lime milk measurement


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Mounting: Pipe mount in a sampling device

Company: Usina Barra Grande

Location: Lenois Paulista (SP) Brazil


Mounting: Pipe mount, in an overflow sampling device

Company: Usina Cruz Alta

Location: Olimpia (SP) Brazil



Company: Usina So Carlos/Coopersucar

Location: Piracicaba (SP) Brazil

Application: Sugar cane juice density measurement


Company: Usina Santo Antonio

Location: Sertozinho (SP) Brazil

Application: Measurement of syrup Brix degree between evaporators


Company: Usina Santo Antonio

Location: Sertozinho (SP) Brazil

Application: Measurement of must Brix degree



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Company: Usina So Carlos / Coopersucar

Location: Piracicaba (SP) Brazil

Application: Measurement of alcohol (percent by weight)

Mounting: On-line mount in a sampling device

6. Food and Beverage Applications

The DT301 Density Transmitter has been successfully applied throughout Food and Beverage Industries dueto its flexibility, high accuracy and advantages over other forms of density measurement. When compared to manualsampling or other technologies, the savings and benefits for this intelligent multivariable transmitter are substantial.

Food industry applications include density of tomato paste, ketchup, syrups, starch dilution, vegetable oils,

Brix degree in fruit juices, liquid sugar for soft drinks, marmalade and gelatin. Brewing and beverage applicationsinclude Plato degree in fermentation tanks, alcoholic degree of solution, density of must in vacuum pans, and Brixdegree of liquid sugar and fruit juices.

6.1 Fermentation Process Control

In breweries, the fermentation process is easily controlled by measurement of the Plato degree using theDT301, in a control loop.

On line measurement indicates the exact status of the process, allowing the operator to react immediatelyto any changes. This reduces mistakes and losses commonly associated with grab samples. Laboratory analysis onlyshows a discrete snap shots. The DT301 indicates when the fermentation process is finished or the liquid is ready,allowing optimization of energy consumption by the tank cooling system, reducing costs.


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6.2 Alcohol Degree

Using Smars by-pass sample vessel, the DT301 can also measure GL (Guy Lussac), INPM degree, alcoholdegrees by volume, or mass.

6.3 Sugar Brix Degree

Control of sugar concentration (Brix degree) is important in the manufacturer of beer and soft drinks. TheDT301 measures Brix degree of a solution in a pipeline utilizing with a by-pass, or overflow sample vessel. It can

also be installed directly in the tank if required by the process.


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6.4 Must Density

When installed directly in a tank, the DT301 accurately measures MUST density. This allows users to knowexactly when its ready for the next step in the process.


Company: Kaiser (Molson Group)

Location: Araraquara City (SP) Brazil

Application: Plato Degree measurement to control fermentation process

Mounting: Tank mounting (side)

Company: Ganir

Location: Israel

Application: Brix degree measurement of fruit juices

Mounting: Sanitary overflow vessel


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To liberate your plants performance. Look to Smar. Were everywhere.

Throughout the world,Smar has installed

thousands of Densityand Concentration

Transmitters in mostdiversity types of

applications. Whetherits Chemical Plant,

Food Industry or Miningin USA , Canada or

Mexico, with customerslike: Glaco/Memphis,

Corn Intl/NorthCaroline, Telematic/

Canada or La MargaritaIng and Corona Co. in

Mexico City they are allexperiencing plant

improvements with theDT301 by Smar.

South America has the worldwide leading countries in the Sugar and

Alcohol Production (1) like Argentina(2%), Brazil(53%), Bolivia(3%),Colombia(7%), Ecuador(2%), Peru(3%), Uruguay(1%), Paraguay(1%), Venezuela(8%), others (30%) have the most variety of Densityand Concentration measurements and Smar is present in almost70% of all these applications.

Brazil is also the worldwide leader in the Ethanol Production (2)with

33.4blnin 2002 right above USA and Europe, and Smar has beenpreset and leading this market for over 30 years.

Database(1): Sugar and Alcohol International Association

(2) 2002, International Molasses and Alcohol Report- IEA

European Companieslike Spirax Sarco,/Italy,Sofraico/France, Bevin/Sweden, Autek/Norway, Desin/ Spain,are among companiesfrom Belgium, UK,Netherlands or Greecewith the most complexapplications on Brix,Plato, Baume, GuyLussac GL,INPM, andothers types ofmeasurementsimproving their processand profitability with

Smar DT301

Smar has experienceda significant increase ofbusiness with African,

Asian and Australasiancompanies , pleasecontact us for aReference List providedby Sales Territory.

Contact us for a copy of our DT-301 Catalog with Reference List via e-mail: [email protected] or 1 800 762 7833

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