dental handpieces and accessories chapter 35 copyright © 2009, 2006 by saunders, an imprint of...
TRANSCRIPT
Dental Handpieces Dental Handpieces and Accessoriesand Accessories
Chapter 35Chapter 35
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 35Chapter 35
Lesson 35.1Lesson 35.1
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms.Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms. Discuss the historical importance of the dental Discuss the historical importance of the dental
handpiece.handpiece. Describe the low-speed handpiece and its use in Describe the low-speed handpiece and its use in
dentistry.dentistry. Describe the attachments used on the low-speed Describe the attachments used on the low-speed
handpiece.handpiece. Describe the high-speed handpiece and its uses.Describe the high-speed handpiece and its uses. Review other handpieces used in dentistry.Review other handpieces used in dentistry.(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Cont’d)Cont’d)
Identify dental handpieces and correctly attach them to Identify dental handpieces and correctly attach them to the dental unit.the dental unit.
Describe rotary instruments and how they are used.Describe rotary instruments and how they are used. List the parts of a bur.List the parts of a bur. Give the composition, shape, and use of the carbide Give the composition, shape, and use of the carbide
and diamond burs.and diamond burs. Identify accessories and correctly attach them to the Identify accessories and correctly attach them to the
low-speed handpiece.low-speed handpiece. Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly attach Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly attach
them to the appropriate dental handpiece or them to the appropriate dental handpiece or attachment.attachment.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
IntroductionIntroduction
Rotary instruments are used to complete Rotary instruments are used to complete
different functions in the cutting, polishing, different functions in the cutting, polishing,
and finishing of tooth structureand finishing of tooth structure
and the restoration processand the restoration process
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Evolution of Rotary EquipmentThe Evolution of Rotary Equipment
1940s1940s Introduction of rotary instrumentsIntroduction of rotary instruments Belt-driven handpieceBelt-driven handpiece Development of diamond cutting bursDevelopment of diamond cutting burs
1950s1950s Invention of tungsten carbideInvention of tungsten carbide Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Dental HandpieceDental Handpiece
The handpiece is the most frequently used The handpiece is the most frequently used
piece of machinery in dentistry. It provides piece of machinery in dentistry. It provides
power to a rotary instrument that is used to power to a rotary instrument that is used to
complete the actual cutting or complete the actual cutting or
polishing of tooth structure polishing of tooth structure
and castings. and castings.
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Low-Speed HandpieceLow-Speed Handpiece
DesignDesign Straight in appearanceStraight in appearance Standard length and “shorty”Standard length and “shorty” Speeds range from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per Speeds range from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per
minute (rpm).minute (rpm). Powers the rotary instrument in both a forward and Powers the rotary instrument in both a forward and
a backward motion a backward motion
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: (From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guideDental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.), ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Uses of the Low-Speed HandpieceUses of the Low-Speed Handpiece ClinicalClinical
Removal of soft decay and finishing of cavity preparationsRemoval of soft decay and finishing of cavity preparations Finishing and polishing of restorationsFinishing and polishing of restorations Coronal polishing and removal of stainsCoronal polishing and removal of stains Porcelain adjustmentsPorcelain adjustments Root canal treatmentRoot canal treatment
LaboratoryLaboratory Trimming and contouring of temporary crownsTrimming and contouring of temporary crowns Trimming and relining of removable partials and denturesTrimming and relining of removable partials and dentures Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances
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Low-Speed AttachmentsLow-Speed Attachments
Straight attachmentsStraight attachments Long-shank laboratory burLong-shank laboratory bur Prophylaxis angle attachmentsProphylaxis angle attachments
Contraangle attachmentContraangle attachment Latch-type rotary instrumentsLatch-type rotary instruments Mandrel Mandrel
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Prophylaxis AngleProphylaxis Angle
Used during polishing procedures to hold the Used during polishing procedures to hold the prophylaxis cup and bristle brushprophylaxis cup and bristle brush Two typesTwo types
• Plastic disposable “prophy” anglePlastic disposable “prophy” angle
• Metal “prophy” angle Metal “prophy” angle
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Fig. 35-5 Disposable prophy cup and brush.Fig. 35-5 Disposable prophy cup and brush.
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High-Speed HandpieceHigh-Speed Handpiece
DesignDesign One-piece unit with a slight curveOne-piece unit with a slight curve Operated by air pressureOperated by air pressure Operates at speeds as high as 450,000 rpm Operates at speeds as high as 450,000 rpm Maintains a water-coolant systemMaintains a water-coolant system Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments Fiberoptic lighting Fiberoptic lighting
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig. 35-6 High-speed handpiece.Fig. 35-6 High-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: (From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guideDental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.), ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Uses of the High-Speed HandpieceUses of the High-Speed Handpiece
Removal of decayRemoval of decay Removal of old or faulty restorationsRemoval of old or faulty restorations Reduction of the crown portion of a tooth in Reduction of the crown portion of a tooth in
preparation for a crown or bridge preparation for a crown or bridge Preparation of an outline and retention Preparation of an outline and retention
grooves for a new restoration grooves for a new restoration Finishing or polishing of a restoration Finishing or polishing of a restoration Sectioning of a tooth during a surgery Sectioning of a tooth during a surgery
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Ultrasonic HandpieceUltrasonic Handpiece
DesignDesign Attaches to the dental unitAttaches to the dental unit Powered by electricityPowered by electricity Primarily used for prophylaxis appointmentsPrimarily used for prophylaxis appointments Attachments similar in appearance to scaling Attachments similar in appearance to scaling
instrumentsinstruments Delivers a pulsating spray of waterDelivers a pulsating spray of water
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Fig. 35-9 Ultrasonic handpiece. Fig. 35-9 Ultrasonic handpiece. (From Boyd L: (From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guideDental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.), ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Uses of the Ultrasonic HandpieceUses of the Ultrasonic Handpiece
Removal of calculusRemoval of calculus Removal of stainsRemoval of stains Removal of bonding materials from the tooth Removal of bonding materials from the tooth
surface after orthodontic appliances are surface after orthodontic appliances are removedremoved
Removal of cement after orthodontic bands Removal of cement after orthodontic bands are removed are removed
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Laser HandpieceLaser Handpiece
DesignDesign Laser light beam, conducted through a fiberoptic Laser light beam, conducted through a fiberoptic
cable, instead of rotary instrumentscable, instead of rotary instruments Resemblance to a standard handpieceResemblance to a standard handpiece Water-coolant systemWater-coolant system Air-coolant systemAir-coolant system
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
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Laser HandpieceLaser Handpiece
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
UsesUses Cauterizing soft tissueCauterizing soft tissue Vaporizing decayed tooth structureVaporizing decayed tooth structure
AdvantagesAdvantages Usually painlessUsually painless Generally no need for anesthesiaGenerally no need for anesthesia Speed of procedureSpeed of procedure
DisadvantageDisadvantage Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations
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Air-Abrasion HandpieceAir-Abrasion Handpiece
DesignDesign Small version of a sandblasterSmall version of a sandblaster High-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through a High-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through a
small probesmall probe
UsesUses Preparation of teeth for sealantsPreparation of teeth for sealants Removal of external stainsRemoval of external stains Class I through class VI preparationsClass I through class VI preparations Endodontic access Endodontic access Crown margins Crown margins Preparation of the a tooth surface for the cementation of a cast Preparation of the a tooth surface for the cementation of a cast
restoration (e.g., crown or veneer)restoration (e.g., crown or veneer) (Cont’d)(Cont’d)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Air-Abrasion HandpieceAir-Abrasion Handpiece
(Cont’d)(Cont’d)
UsesUses Preparation of teeth for sealantsPreparation of teeth for sealants Removal of external stainsRemoval of external stains Class I through class VI preparationsClass I through class VI preparations Endodontic access Endodontic access Crown margins Crown margins Preparation of the tooth surface for the Preparation of the tooth surface for the
cementation of a cast restoration (e.g., a crown or cementation of a cast restoration (e.g., a crown or veneer) veneer)
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Laboratory HandpieceLaboratory Handpiece
DesignDesign Operates at speeds as high as 20,000 rpmOperates at speeds as high as 20,000 rpm Uses laboratory burs Uses laboratory burs Greater torque than that of handpieces used Greater torque than that of handpieces used
intraorally intraorally
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Handpiece MaintenanceHandpiece Maintenance
General considerationsGeneral considerations Wear personal protective equipment and follow Wear personal protective equipment and follow
universal precautions. universal precautions. Clean debris from the external surface. Clean debris from the external surface. Clean the internal components of the handpiece. Clean the internal components of the handpiece. Handpiece must be dry before being packaged. Handpiece must be dry before being packaged. Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. Sterilize the handpiece. Sterilize the handpiece. Wipe the light port on the fiber-optic with an Wipe the light port on the fiber-optic with an
alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant. alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 35Chapter 35
Lesson 35.2Lesson 35.2
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Describe rotary instruments and how they are Describe rotary instruments and how they are used.used.
List the parts of a bur.List the parts of a bur. Give the composition, shape, and use of the Give the composition, shape, and use of the
carbide and diamond burscarbide and diamond burs Identify accessories and correctly attach them Identify accessories and correctly attach them
to the low-speed handpiece.to the low-speed handpiece. Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly
attach them to the appropriate dental attach them to the appropriate dental handpiece or attachment.handpiece or attachment.
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Rotary Cutting InstrumentsRotary Cutting Instruments
Three basic parts to a rotary instrumentThree basic parts to a rotary instrument Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece. Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.
• Straight shankStraight shank
• Latch type shankLatch type shank
• Friction grip shankFriction grip shank
Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that connects the shank and the head. connects the shank and the head.
Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion. Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.
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Fig. 35-13 Bur parts and types of shanks: A, Long straight lab. Fig. 35-13 Bur parts and types of shanks: A, Long straight lab. B, Latch-type. C, Friction grip.B, Latch-type. C, Friction grip.
(From Robinson D, Bird D: Essentials of dental assisting, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders.)(From Robinson D, Bird D: Essentials of dental assisting, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders.)
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Dental BursDental Burs
Rotary instruments with sharp cutting head. Rotary instruments with sharp cutting head. UsesUses
Tooth preparation.Tooth preparation. Excavation of decay. Excavation of decay. Finishing cavity walls. Finishing cavity walls. Finishing restoration surfaces. Finishing restoration surfaces. Taking out old fillings.Taking out old fillings. Finishing crown preparations. Finishing crown preparations. Separating crowns and bridges. Separating crowns and bridges. Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries. Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries.
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Fig. 35-15 Finishing rotary instrumentsFig. 35-15 Finishing rotary instruments(Courtesy Miltex, Inc, York, Pennsylvania.)(Courtesy Miltex, Inc, York, Pennsylvania.)
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Fig. 35-16 Abrasive materials for rotary instruments.Fig. 35-16 Abrasive materials for rotary instruments.(D, From Boyd L: Dental Instruments: A Pocket Guide, ed 3, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders.)(D, From Boyd L: Dental Instruments: A Pocket Guide, ed 3, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.