dental wa1.docx

8/18/2019 Dental Wa1.docx

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Introduction:

ORIGINALLY APPLIED TO

NATURAL OCCURRING ESTERS OF

FATTY ACIDS & MONOHYDRIC

ALCOHOLS, THE TERM NOW IS

USED FOR OTH NATURALLY

OCCURRING & MANUFACTUREDPRODUCTS RESEMLING ESTERS!

THEY HA"E

• DULL LUSTER

• SOAPY OR GREASY TE#TURE

• SOFTEN GRADUALLY ON

HEATING EFORE FORMING ALI$UID

U%% in Dnti%tr':

DentalWax

r! M(r)(

ع إيان جاسم

اثل

-


2/21

• INLAY PATTERN

• O#ING OF IMPRESSION

• ASE PLATE

• CASTING WA#

• UTILITY WA#

• STIC*Y WA#

• CORRECTI"E IMPRESSION

• ITE REGISTRATION

DENTAL WA#ES ARE COMINATION OF "ARIOUS TYPES OF NATURAL

& SYNTHETIC WA#ES, GUMS, FATS, FATTY ACIDS, OILS, RESINS &

PIGMENTS COMPOUNDED TO PRO"IDE DESIRED PHYSICALPROPERTIES!

Components of dental waxes:

N(tur(+ W(% S'nt-tic W(% Additi.%

MINERAL

(/ P(r(0n

1/ Mont(u

c/ (rn%d-(+!

d/ O2o3rit

/ Microcr'%t(++in

(/ Aro%o+ OT

1/ C(%tor )(

c/ F+o)( C

d/ Dur( )(

FATS

St(ric (cid


3/21

PLANT

(/ C(rn(u1(

1/ Ouricur'

c/ C(nd+i+(

d/ 4(5(n )(

/ Coco( 1uttr

NATURAL RESINS

(/ Co5(+

1/ D(66(r

c/ S(ndr(c

d/ S-++(c

INSECT

% )(

SYNTHETIC RESINS

(/ Po+'t-'+n

1/ Po+'%trn

ANIMAL

S5r6(citi

N(tur(+ W(%

• TWO MAIN GROUP OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WA#ES ARE7

• HYDROCARONS

• ESTERS

SOME WAXES CONTAIN FREE ALCOHOLS AND ACIDS AS WELL.


4/21

S'nt-tic W(%

• COMPLE# ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF "ARIED CHEMICALCOMPOSITION

• USE IN DENTAL FORMULATIONS IS LIMITED

• MORE REFINED THAN NATURAL WA#ES

T'5%

• POLYETHYLENE WA#ES

• POLYO#YETHYLENE GLYCOL WA#ES

• HALOGENATED HYDROCARON WA#ES

• HYROGENATED WA#ES

• WA# ESTERS

Co65o%ition


5/21

POLYO#YETHYLENE WA#ES ARE POLYMERS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOLS!

THEY HA"E LIMITED COMPATIILITY WITH OTHER WA#ES! THEY

HA"E MELTING TEMPERATURE! FROM 89 °C TO 8°C! UT FUNCTION

AS PLASTICI;ERS AND TOUGHEN FILMS OF WA#! OTHERS ARE

PRODUCED Y REACTION WITH NATURAL WA#ES!

PROPERTIES

• MELTING RANGE

• THERMAL E#PANSION

• MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• FLOW

• RESIDUAL STRESS

• DUCTILITY

M+tin< R(n


6/21

LINEAR CO7 EFFICIENT OF THERMAL E#PANSION = CHANGE IN

LENGTH PER UNIT ORIGINAL LENGTH WITH >? CHANGE IN TEMP!

WA#ES HA"E THE LARGEST CO7 EFFICIENT OF THERMAL E#PANSION

AMONG ALL DENTAL MATERIALS! WEA* SECONDARY "ALANCE

FORCES ARE EASILY O"ERCOME Y THERMAL ENERGY, MORE SO IN

MINERAL WA#ES THAN PLANT WA#ES! MANY WA#ES E#HIIT ATLEAST @ RATES OF THERMAL E#PANSION! CHANGE IN RATE OCCURS

AT TRANSIT ION PO INTS ! AT THESE POINTS THE INTERNAL

STRUCTURAL PARTS ECOMES ECOME FREER TO E#PAND!

ECAUSE THE INGREDIENT WA#ES UNDERGO TRANSITION THAT DONOT COINCIDE WITH ONE ANOTHER, INLAY WA#ES E#HIIT MORE

THAN TWO CHANGES IN RATE OF E#PANSION!

Mc-(nic(+ Pro5rti%

• ELASTIC MODULUS

• PROPORTIONAL LIMIT

• COMPRESSI"E STRENGTH

ALL ARE LOW WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER MATERIALS

Elastic Modulus

• ELASTIC MODULI OF CARNAUA WA# IS HIGHEST

• EES WA# = LOWEST

• DECREASES WITH INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE!

• INLAY WA# SIMULATES A MI#TURE OF 9B PARAFFIN & @B

CARNAUA WA#/ = 9 TO !@ MPA ETWEEN @8?C & ?C

Proportional Liit! Copr"ssi#" Str"n$t%


7/21

• DECREASE WITH INCREASE IN TEMP!

• E!G! 7 P!L! FOR INLAY WA# DECREASED FROM !@ TO !@> FROM@8?C TO ?C!

• C!S! = @!9 TO ! MPA

Flo&


8/21

RESULT OF SLIPPAGE OF MOLECULES O"ER EACH OTHER! IN LI$UID

STATE OF WA# IT IS SYNONYMOUS WITH " ISCOSITY ELOW

MELTING TEMPERATURE! IT INDICATES THE DEGREE OF PLASTIC

DEFORMATION AT A GI"EN TEMP! FLOW DEPENDS UPON::

>! TEMP OF WA#

@! THE FORCE APPLIED

8! TIME FOR WHICH THE FORCE IS APPLIED

! FLOW IS GREATLY INCREASED AS MELTING POINT IS APPROACHED

R%idu(+ Str%%

• RESIDUAL STRESSES ALWAYS E#IST IN A PREPARED WA# PATTERN

• PRESENCE OF SUCH STRESSES CAN E DEMONSTRATED Y

COMPARISON OF THERMAL E#PANSION CUR"ES OF ANNEALED

WA#ES WITH WA# COOLED UNDER COMPRESSION & E#PANSION

• E#TENT OF CHANGE IN THERMAL E#PANSION DEPENDS UPON

>! MAGNITUDE OF RESIDUAL STRESS

@! TIME &

8! TEMP OF STORAGE OF SPECIMEN

COMPRESSION

• WHEN COOLED UNDER COMPRESSION, THE ATOMS & MOLECULES

ARE FORCED TOGETHER AS COMPARED TO WHEN THERE IS NOE#TERNAL STRESS

• AFTER COOLING & UPON LOAD REMO"AL, MOTION OF MOLECULES

IS RESTRICTED = RESIDUAL INTERNAL STRESSES

• ON HEATING THE RESIDUAL INTERNAL STRESSES IS ADDED TO

NORMAL THERMAL E#PANSION = HENCE MORE E#PANSION!

TENSION


9/21

• COOLING UNDER TENSION RESULTS IN MOLECULES MO"ING AWAY

FROM ONE ANOTHER COMPARATI"ELY

• ON HEATING, RELEASE OF THESE INTERNAL STRESSES WOR* IN A

DIRECTION OPPOSITE TO THERMAL E#PANSION

• LARGE INTERNAL TENSILE STRESSES MAY RESULT E"EN INCONTRACTION UPON HEATING

Ducti+it'

• LI*E FLOW, DUCTILITY INCREASES WITH INCREASE IN

TEMPERATURE OF WA#ES

• LOWER THE MELTING TEMPERATURE OF A WA#, MORE WILL E THEDUCTILITY

• WA#ES MADE OF COMPONENTS HA"ING WIDE MELTING RANGESHA"E MORE DUCT ILITY

• WITH WIDE RANGE OF MELTING POINT OF COMPONENTS, THE

SOFTENING POINT OF LOWEST IS APPROACHED FIRST ON HEATING

• ON FURTHER HEATING THIS COMPONENT L I$UEFIES , THE

SOFTENING POINT OF NE#T IS APPROACHED & SO ON

• ENTIRE WA# MASS IS PLASTICI;ED & DUCTILITY INCREASES

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY :

IT IS LOW WHICH IMPLIES THAT THESE MATERIALS GAIN , AND LOSE

, HEAT "ERY SLOWLY !

TRE RELIE! :

IN USING DENTAL WA# , APPLYING STRESS IS UNDESIRALE !

WA#ES TEND TO RETURN TO THEIR ORIGINAL SHAPE AFTER

MANIPULATION ! STRESS7RELIEF WA# IS USUALLY THE RESULT OF

ADAPTATION AT TOO LOW A TEMPERATURE !THUS THE

DEFORMATION IS NOT CARRIED OUT WITH THE WA# TOTALLY FLUID

AND CONSE$UENTLY , A PARTIAL RECO"ERY RESULTS IN

DIMENTIONAL INA ACURACY AND IS UNDESIRALE !

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL WA#ES:


10/21

"atte#n Wax "#o$ess%n& Wax Imp#ess%on

Wax

>! In+(' W( >! oin< W( >! Corrcti. W(

@! C(%tin< W( @! Uti+it' W( @! it r


11/21

PARAFFIN7

CARNAUA7 @B

CERESIN7 >

EES WA#7 B

TYPES

Y FLOW

>! HARD

@! REGULAR

8! SOFT

Di55in< W(

• THE HOTT' LED IS A WA# DIPPING POT WHICH PERMITSCONTROLLED TEMPERATURE SETTING AND DISPLAYS THE SET AND

THE ACTUAL "ALUE

Ad.(nt(


12/21

• HIGH PRECISION "IA LOW SHRIN*AGE

• OPTIMUM "ISCOSITY AT =>?C >@=>?F/

• PRECISE7FITTING COPINGS WITH AN E"EN LAYER THIC*NESS

• HIGH STAILITY AND ELASTICITY

• CONTAINS NO ACRYLIC ADDIT I"ES

• EASY TO CUT OFF THE PREPARATION ORDER

C(%tin< W(

• USED FOR METALLIC FRAMEWOR* OF RPDS

• A"AIL ALE AS SHEETS @ = 8 GAGE ! = !8@ MM/,

READYMADE SHAPES & UL*

• SER"E SAME PURPOSE AS INLAY WA#, DIFFER SLIGHTLY IN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• INGREDIENTS SIMILAR TO INLAY WA#ES

• SHEETS USED TO ESTALISH MINIMUM THIC*NESS IN SOME AREAS

OF RPD FRAMEWOR* SUCH AS PALATAL & LINGUAL AR

• NO ADA SPECIFICATION UT ONLY A FEDERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

ITS PROPERTIES

F+o)


13/21

• ARE TO E USED ON A CAST & NOT IN MOUTH

• THEY HA"E A HIGHER FLOW AS COMPARED TO INLAY WA#ES ATAROUND 8B = 89?C

• 8B?C = > MIN

• 89?C = MA#

Wor3in< Pro5rti%

• SLIGHTLY TAC*Y SO AS TO MAINTAIN POSITION ON CAST

• PLIALE & READILY ADAPTALE AT 7 B?C

• COPY ACCURATELY AGAINST THE SURFACE WHICH IT IS PRESSED

• SHALL NOT E RITTLE ON COOLING

• MUST "APORI;E AT B?C

• E ENT DOULE ON ITSELF WITHOUT FRACTURE AT @8?C

Mod+in< (%5+(t W(

ADA @

I% r+(t i.+' -(rd , (nd %+ i


14/21

• THE ASIC USE IS TO FORM OCCLUSAL RIM ON ASEPLATE TRAY

TO SET TEETH FOR DENTURE

• ESTALISH "D, CONTOUR OF THE DENTURE AFTER TEETH SETTING

• ALSO USED FOR MFPS, PATTERNS FOR ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

• CHEC*ING ARTICULATING RELATIONS IN MOUTH & TRANSFERRING

TO ARTICULATORS

• SUPPLIED AS SHEETS 9! # >B # !>8 CM, RED, PIN* OR ORANGE

IN COLOUR

• THREE TYPES

• TYPE I = SOFT WA# FOR CONTOURS & "ENEERS

• TYPE II = MEDIUM WA# FOR TEMPERATE CLIMATES

• TYPE III = HARD WA# FOR TROPICAL CLIMATES

MAINL' DIFFER IN FLOW WITH T'PE III HA(IN) LEAST

RJuir6nt%

• LINEAR THERMAL E#PANSION FROM @B? TO ?C K !

• SOFTENED SHEETS SHALL COHERE READILY WITHOUT ECOMING

FLA*Y OR ADHERING TO FINGERS

• NO IRRITATION TO ORAL TISSUES

• PIGMENT NOT TO SEPARATE ON PROCESSING

• NO ADHESION TO OTHER SHEETS OR SEPARATING PAPER ON

STORAGE

A55+ic(tion% o Dnt(+ Mod+in< W(% :

>7 CONSTRUCTION OF DENTURES

T- 6od+in< )( c(n 1 u%d (% ( 1(% 5+(t 6(tri(+ 1c(u% it i% r(di+'

6o+d(1+ , cono6ic , %5d (nd r5roduc t- dt(i+% o 6o%t


15/21

@ = con%truction o ort-odontic (55+i(nc% :

P(ttrn% or ort-odontic (55+i(nc% & 5ro%t-%i% ot-r t-(n co65+t dntur% ,

)-ic- (r to 1 con%tructd o 5+(%tic% (r (+%o 6(d o 1(% 5+(t )( !

8 = introcc+u%(+ rcord% :

(% 5+(t )( -(% 1n )id+' u%d in 6(n' 5-(%% o dnti%tr' to c-c3 t-

.(riou% (rticu+(tin< r+(tion% in 6out- (nd tr(n%r t-6 to 6c-(nic(+ (rticu+(tor !

= con%truction o tr(or(+ 5ro%t-%i%

B = %5(cr in dirnt u%% :

(% 5+(t )( i% u%d to cr(t ( %5(c o.r t- c(%t 1or cu%to6 tr('% c(n 1

6(d !

7 i65r%%ion 6(tri(+ :

(% 5+(t )( c(n 1 u%d or t(3in< (n i65r%%ion o tt- in con%truction o

d 5ro%t-odontic r%tor(tion !

9 = du5+ic(tin< 6(tri(+ :

T- 6od+in< )( i% u%d (% ( du5+ic(tin< 6(tri(+ in ( 5rocdur o du5+ic(tion o

6(i++(r' co65+t dntur (nd conc+udd t-(t t- r5+ic(% 6(d ro6 6od+in<

)( !

7 1+oc37out )( :

Anot-r u% o 1(% 5+(t )( i% or 1+oc3 out undrcut% on c(%t% !

PROCESSING WA#ES

oin< W(


16/21

• AIDS IN FORMING A PLASTER OR STONE CAST FROM AN

IMPRESSION

• O#ING CONSISTS OF

• ADAPTING A LONG NARROW STRIP OF WA# AROUND THE

IMPRESSION ELOW PERIPHERAL HEIGHT

• FOLLOWED Y A WIDE STRIP OF WA# TO FORM A WA# O#

• ALSO CALLED CARDING WA#: ORIGINALLY USED FOR PLACING

PORCELAIN TEETH IN PAC*ING

FEDERAL RE$UIREMENTS:

• SMOOTH GLOSSY SURFACE ON FLAMING

• PLIALE AT @>?C RETAINS SHAPE AT 8B?C

READIL' ADAPT TO IMPRESSION AT ROOM TEMP.

• SEAL EASILY TO PLASTER WITH HOT SPATULA

Uti+it' W(

• AN EASILY WOR*ALE, ADHESI"E WA# FOR MULTIPLE USE

SUCH AS7• IMPRO"ING THE CONTOUR OF PERFORATED TRAY FOR

HYDROCOLLOIDS

• TO STAILI;E A PONTIC FOR A TEMPORARY RIDGE WHILE

INDE# IS EING MADE

FEDERAL RE$UIREMENTS:


17/21

• PLIALE AT @>? TO @?C WOR*ALE & EASILY ADAPTALE AT

ROOM TEMP!

• FLOW E ETWEEN B & AT 89!B ?C

• TAC*Y AT @>? TO @?C ADHESION FOR UILD UP

• COLOUR7 GREEN OR LAC*

Stic3' W(

• FORMULATED FROM A MI#TURE OF WA#ES, RESINS & OTHER

ADDITI"ES

•

STIC*Y WHEN MELTED, ADHERES CLOSELY TO THE SURFACE• AT ROOM TEMPERATURE = FIRM, FREE FROM TAC*INESS & RITTLE

• SHOULD FRACTURE RATHER THAN FLOW WHEN DEFORMED

U%%

• USED PRIMARILY ON DENTAL STONES AND PLASTERS

• USED IN REPAIR FOR HOLDING THE METAL OR RESIN PARTS

TEMPORARILY

Fdr(+ RJuir6nt%

• HA"E A DAR* OR "I"ID COLOUR TO DISTINGUISH FROM GYPSUM

PRODUCTS

• SHRIN*AGE 7 K !B FROM 8? TO @?C

IM"REION WA'E

I65r%%ion )(%, t-ou


18/21

T-' (r t-r6o5+(%tic 6(tri(+%, )-ic- o) r(di+' (t 6out- t65r(tur

(nd (r r+(ti.+' %ot .n (t roo6 t65r(tur!

Impression waxes are classifed as:

>/ Corrcti. i65r%%ion )(

@/ it r! In (ddition it 6(' cont(in ot-r )( +i3

cr%in (nd (+%o 6t(+ 5(rtic+% !

"#ope#t%es

Melt%n& #an&e

Sinc )(% -(. %.r(+ t'5% o 6o+cu+% i!! Cr'%t(++in or (6or5-ou%

o dirnt 6o+cu+(r )i


19/21

!low

T- o) o corrcti. t65r(tur )( (nd 1it r (nd @!B7@@ r%5cti.+', t-u% t-% )(%

(r %u%c5ti1+ to di%tortion on r6o.(+ ro6 t- 6out-! F+o) (% t%td 1'

co65r%%ion o c'+indric(+ %5ci6n% i% @B (t 89?C!

Me$(an%$al "#ope#t%es

T- +(%tic 6odu+u%, 5ro5ortion(t+' +i6it (nd co65r%%i. %trn


20/21

@! It i% tc-niJu %n%iti.!

8! It c(n 1 u%d on+' to rcord dntu+ou% %ur(c%,

Ot(e# ad*anta&es %n$l.de:

Lo) co%t

E(%' -(nd+in<

No nd or (d-%i.

Odor+%%

C+(n 6(tri(+ to )or3 )it-

A1%nc o ti%%u r(ction%


21/21

dental wa1.docx

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