dentistry and community iust 010-011

8/3/2019 Dentistry and Community IUST 010-011

1/72

www.prof-sharif.com Email: [email protected]


2/72


1- The profession of dentistry

2- The public served by dentistry

3- Ethics and responsibility in dental car

4- The practice of dental public health

5- Oral health promotion

Objectives


3/72


1- The profession of dent


4/72


Definition

Profession is a calling, requiring specialized knowl

and often long and intensive academic preparation awhole body of persons engaged in calling.Webst


5/72

professionalism

Conduct Aims


Definition

Professionalism is the conduct,

aims, or qualities that characterizeor mark a profession or

professional person. Webster,s dictionary


6/72www.prof-sharif.com Email: [email protected]

Models of professionalism

1- The commercial model

2- The guild model

3- The interactive model

Non of which by itself fully characterizes d




1- The commercial model

Dental care is viewed as a commodity. The

services are not based primarily on the Client`s

needs, but rather on what the client is able or

willing to buy.


8/72


2- The guild model

Here the professional is the source of allknowledge and wisdom, the patient is passive

recipient, and the practitioner has an ethical trust

to provide the best quality care.

It may be slowly merging with the third modle.



9/72


3- The interactive model

In which dental care is considered a partnership oequals.It is a combination of professional expertis

and patient values.




1- Substantial body of knowledge. The obliga

tokeep that knowledge up to date through continuieducation. Academic preparation is required.

2- Self-regulations.The group has the responsibidetermining who shall join them , and who doesnt profession`s requirements .

3- A code of ethics. ( the main criterion ) Guidelinprofessional conduct that are rooted in a moral imp

ratherthan in law or regulation.

A profession`s criteria


11/72


12/72


Dentistry has a long and fascinahistory.From the earliest of timeshumans have been plagued by dendisease.

Development of dental professions


13/72


Hesi-Re was the earliest dentist whose

name is known. He practiced in 3000 Band was called Chief of the Toothers.

Egyptian pharaohs were known to havsuffered from periodontal (gum) diseaRadiographs of mummies confirm this

fact.



14/72

Hippocrates (460-377 BC) earned the title of Fat

of Medicine.Aristotle (384-322 BC), the great philosopher,referred to teeth in many of his writings.(wisdom teet

Diocles of Carystus, Physician of Aristotles timeRecommended rubbing the teeth and gums as hygiene instructions




15/72


By 2000 B.C. the Chinese were practicing

Around the 2nd century A.D. The Chines

developed a silver amalgam paste for fillin

than 1000 years before dentists in the wes

Ting and Yu Shu described the entire pro

swallowing in the eleventh century.



16/72


Several Roman physicians wrote extensiv

dentistry. Many people still believed in tof the toothworm being responstoothaches. Romans were skilled in decayed teeth with gold crowns. They hregard for oral hygiene.



17/72


Pierre Fauchard(1728) was the found

modern dentistry. He developed d

as an independent profession from


He developed dentistry as an independent profe

with the title of surgeon dentist.


18/72


The German tooth worm theory is prob

Sugar is detrimental to both gums and t

should limit it in our daily foods.

The first teeth,which are called milk tee

themselves from their roots.

Pierre



19/72


If a tooth is knocked out it can be repl

used for many years.He was the first to describe how a pati

be seated in a comfortable chair to hav

done.

Pierre



20/72

Extension for Preve


G. V. Black( 1836)the Grand Old Man o

A professional person has no choice other than to be a cGreeneV

ardimanBlack



21/72


Separation from medicine led to dentist

development in the United States, even

separation happened by chance not mo



22/72

Development of dental professionsDentistry in t

During economic depression (1930)

During WW American dental school comprethe academic years

Golden age for dentistry was during the 1950s

after the WW .

New dental materials expanded treatment horHigh-speed air-turbineengine appeared in 195

Dental researches and publications grew rapiwww.prof-sharif.com Email: [email protected]


23/72

Development of dental professionsDentistry in t

New faculties were built.

Sharp growth in the number of dentistsand indental business was sharp.

Developments in dental insurance1960s.

The major oral diseases are better controlled.

Infection controlprocedures and regulations hbecome standard practice by the 1990s .



24/72

Development of dental professionsDental Hygie

Dr. Alfred Fones was sure that the oral health w

improved through oral prophylactic practices .

By 1906s he acting under the preventive dictum

a clean teeth never decays

He trained his assistant to practice dental hygie

In 1907 he helped dental hygiene to be legally



25/72

A dentist, Alfred C. Fones, believed women

could be trained to provide preventive services,

allowing more time for the dentist to perform

more complex procedures.

Dr. Fones opened the first school for dental

hygienists in 1913.

For training in dental hygiene a 2 year

curriculum must meet the standards of the ADA

Development of dental professionsDental Hygie



26/72

year dental schools

In United States

1930 39

2009 56

In S

1959

1980

2009 In J

1982

1983



27/72

Deffinition

Dentistry is the branch of medicascience that deals with the prevent

diagnosis and treatment of the teet

gums, jaws and other related struc

the mouth.



28/72

Typical dentist is involved in

- Prevention/Public Education:dentists e

patients, as well as the general public,

prevent oral health problems. As primary

providers, they also provide nutritiona

s m o k i n g c e s s a

as well as information and advice on devm a i n t a i n i n g g o o d o v e r a l l



29/72


- Detection and Management of Oral

Research shows there may be a link betdisease and other health problems such

heart disease and stroke as well as pre-t

low-birth-weight babies. Dentists are of

health care professionals to spot a wide systemic diseases.



30/72


- Aesthetic Improvement:

Dentists can help improve a patient's

appearance as well as health through t

newly developed cosmetic dental techn



31/72


V- Restoration:

Dentists repair damage to the teeth, gumoral tissues caused by accidents or disea

such as dental caries (tooth decay) and

periodontitis (gum disease)



32/72


V- Correction:

Dentists correct oral health problems ccrooked, crowded or poorly spaced tee

misaligned jaws with orthodontic appli

mouth splints and other devices and tr


T i l d i i i l d i


33/72


V- Reconstruction:

Dentists fabricate substitutes for lost teeand oral tissues, including fixed

replacements and dentures.


T i l d ti t i i l d i


34/72


V- Surgery:

Dentists perform more oral surgery thantooth extractions. They also perform sur

to correct facial and dental deformities

caused by accident and birth defect.



35/72

Some dentists do their own laboratoryOthers send this work out to dental la

Sometimes general practitioners refer

to specialists.


Organization of the dental professions


36/72


World Dental Federation ( FDI )

Formed in the early twentieth century from se

European national associations , but later it w

expanded worldwide . FDI now represent over

national dental organizations .Headquartered

London for years, now in France. It publishes

International Dental Journal




37/72


American Dental Association ( ADA1859 )

Journal of American Dental Association (J




38/72


American Dental Hygienists Association (The Journal of Dental Hygiene




39/72


Syrian Dental Association (SDA)

The syrian Journal of stomatology




40/72


jordan Dental Association (JDA)The jordanian dental journal




41/72


Beyond the major national organizations societies, specialty group has its own orga




42/72


Dental public health

Endodontics

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Orthodontics

Implant

Pediatric d

Periodonti

Prosthodon

Oral patho

Laser

There are ten areas of specialization for

Small percentage of dentists also work in teaching, research, or adm




43/72



Is the science and art of preventing an

controlling dental diseases and promo

health through organized community




44/72



It,s concerned with the dental educatio

public, with applied dental research, an

administration of group dental care pro

well as the prevention and control of d

diseases on a community basis.


Careers in dentistry


45/72

Careers in dentistryPrivate practice

It is a small business, in which the dentist invinto, land, buildings, equipment, and in turn seepatients.

Advantages: choose where to locate a practice, no boss , free to choose kinds of treatments,

Disadvantages : what if there is a little patien

costs, equipment maintenance, retirement plannin




46/72


Solo practice or group practice

- Entering a group practice can ease the financiastarting practice,

- more flexibility.

- But partnership is not always problems free. ne

personalities and right temperament.




47/72


Salaried practice

It is often a good place to start, a chance to imp

skills, and time to think about careers before be

locked in .

Some like it because of freedom from overhead

day-to-day worries.




48/72


Academia: dental education and re

Full time Part time

Master of science MS ( fulfill speciality training requirm

mixes advanced clinical traininig with some research)

Doctor of Philosophy phD ( training in philosophy and


Working Conditions


49/72

Dentists spend long hours on their feet. They must ta

against infectious diseases and be able to deal with t

patients. With people of all ages and sexs. They are r

however by the prestige of their profession. Because

several helpers, dentists must be able to supervise th

They should also have good business sense. They m

responsible and careful professionals who can work

hands.

Working Conditions


What 'special' attributes does one


50/72

What special attributes does one

require to become a dentist?

The ability to work for long hours continuously. The ability to work under pressure.

A fair amount of physical dexterity.

You need to like working with your mindandyo


Earnings and Benefits


51/72

Earnings for dentists vary widely.They depedentist's experience, skill, and willingness tohours. Earnings also depend on location andof practice.

Earnings and Benefits



52/72



53/72

3- Ethics and responsibility

in dental care


Definition


54/72

Definition

Ethics, a branch of philosophy and theology

study of what is right and good with respect

character.

Ethics, a generic term for various ways of un

examining the moral life.

1

2


Ethics and responsibility in dental care


55/72

As noted, professionalism brings with it t

responsibility to adhere to the highest ethistandard

Public trust is very important.

AMALGAM o




56/72

Ethics is a set of principles of professional

which dentists must aspire to fulfil their dupatients, to the public, to the profession, an

colleagues.

Canadian Dental Association




57/72

Ethical dilemmas ( difficult situations ) a

frequently. How to take ethical decisions

- How does a practitioner respond to a p

who wants all his amalgam restoration

because he believes they are the cause o

chronic fatigue?




58/72

Ethical dilemmas ( difficult situations ) a

frequently. How to take ethical decisions

- Patient ask for dental bleaching where n

- not to provide care to individuals has

HIV?

- can dentist refuse to treat some patien




59/72

Ethics decisions can vary over time and betweenwhen cultural standards differ.



60/72

Ethical basic principles


61/72

p p

1-Life and Health: The primary the life and general health of t




62/72

p p

2-Appropriate and Pain Free Oral Fu

specific nature of dental health for eacpatient depends on variables including the

general health, underlying anatomy, and

w i t h o r a l h y g




63/72

p p

3-Patient Autonomy: The patient has

choose, on the basis of adequate informalternate treatment plans that meet p

standards of care. The treatment plan ch

patient may or may not be that which the d

p r e f e




64/72

p p

4-Practice Preferences: Dentists vary in

services performed and the method of del

services. A dentist's individual preference i

of dental care plays an important role

recommendations and decisions. This pref

b e a c k n o w l e d g e d b y t h e




65/72

5-Aesthetic Values: Oral and facial aimportant to the self image of the pa

important considerat ion of denta




66/72

6-Cost: Dentistry often offers treatment c

range of costs. Appropriate treatment alter

be presented each with its associated costs


Code of Ethics


67/72

Responsibility to patients1.

Responsibility to public2.

Responsibility to the profession3.

Responsibility to colleagues4.


Code of Ethics


68/72

The ADA maintains a code of ethics, examples:

Dentists shall not refuse to accept patients be

the patient's race, creed (religious faith), colonational origin.

A dentist has the general obligation to provid

to AIDS or HIV positive patients.


Ethics in research


69/72

There are strict rulesgoverning research with

animals.

The ethical principles for research involving h- The research must be scientifically sound.

- Human subjects must be selected fairly.

- Risks to human, and number of human inv

must be minimized.- Informed consent must be obtained.


Ethics in research


70/72

- Volunteers can withdraw from the research at an

- Volunteers must be removed from the research p

soon as there is any indication of possible harm.

- The privacy of the human subjects and the confi

ofthe data about them must be protected.

- Research results must be written honestly and a


Past


71/72

T


Confucius s


72/72

"Choose a j

you will ne

a day in you


dentistry and community iust 010-011

Documents