Desalination:the water and energy crises

Miriam BalabanEuropean Desalination Society

Desalination JournalDesalination Directory

The world’s water

Oceans 97.5%

Freshwater 2.5%

Glaciers (68.7%) Groundwater (30.1%)

Permafrost (0.8%)

Surface and atmospheric water (0.4%)

Freshwater lakes (67.4%) Soil moisture (12.2%) Atmosphere (9.5%) Other wetlands (8.5%) Rivers (1.6%) Plants and animals (0.8%)Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda (2003)

Water Scarcity and StressPopulation in water-scarce and water-stressed countries, 1995-2050

Source: Gardner-Outlow and Engelman, 1997

Water Scarcity and StressPopulation in water-scarce and water-stressed countries (map)

Desalination science and technology haveconverted increasing amounts of water from

300,000 m3/d in 1966 to 47,000,000 m3/d in 2008

Year Desalination units, no.

Capacitym3/d

1966 300,0001993 9,910 18,678,0001999 13,600 25,909,0002001 15,233 32,400,0002005 12,500 40,000,0002008 14,000 47,000,000

– Wangnick Inventory, Report No. 17, 2002– GWI Report 2007

Source: IDA Desalination Yearbook 2006-2007

Global Installed Desalination Capacity 1965-2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

196519671969197119731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999200120032005

capa

city

(mill

ion

m3/

d)

Sea water desalination capacity inthe world

Source: Wangnick, 2004

The product of a scientist isa paper

The product of a technologist isa process

Prof. Derek De Sola PriceYale University, USA

DESALINATION JOURNALNumber of articles 1966-2006

90574425No. ofcountries

392412731298537No. ofpapers

1996-20061986-19951976-19851966-1975YEARS

Total number of papers 1966-2006: 7032

Source: Desalination journal 1966-2004

Desalination Articles by regions and decades 1966-2006

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Europe NorthAmerica

MiddleEast

Far Eastand Asia

Africa Oceania SouthAmerica

Nu

mb

er

of

Art

icle

s

1966-1974 1975-1984 1985-1994 1995-2006 Total 1966-2006

Total Number of Articles 7361

DesalinationArticles on Solar Desalination

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10

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40

50

60

70

80

90

100

C & SAmerica

Oceania North America Far East Europe MENA

Nu

mb

er

of

Art

icle

s

Environment

– Renewable energySolarNuclearWindWave

– Control discharge of concentrates

Conservation

Alternative water sources - desalination and water reuse

Renewable energy sources - Solar, wind, nuclear, wave

Prevention of leakage

Communication - to the public - to decision makers

Imagination, vision, innovation

EDS Series of Conferences• Desalination and the Environment• Euromed – Desalination Strategies in

South Mediterranean CountriesCooperation between Mediterranean countries ofEurope and the Southern rim of the Mediterranean

• Membranes in Drinking and IndustrialWater Production (IWA, AWWA, JWA)

DesalinationCooperation amongMediterranean Countriesof Europe and the MENA region

Dead Sea, JordanKing Hussain Bin Talal Convention CenterNovember 9–13, 2008

European Desalination Society

Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation

Jordan University of Science and Technology

Hashemite University

Higher Council for Science and Technology