Describing MatterDescribing Matter

Describing MatterDescribing MatterMatter is anything that takes up

space and has mass.

“Stuff” that makes up everything in the universe.

Describing Describing MatterMatterWhat exactly is matter?

Look at its properties

All substances have properties.

More properties we ID, the more we know

I. How can we I. How can we describe describe matter?matter?A. Descriptions of

matter 1. color2. shape3. size4. texture5. flammability6. Melting point7. Boiling point

Can ONLY ONE of these be used to identify matter?

Similarly – matter has properties

Characteristic Properties –properties that remain the same regardless of the amount of matter you have.

States of matter can change – solid, liquid, gas – all still the same substance

Characteristic Characteristic propertiesproperties

Characteristic properties -properties that are the same regardless of the amount of sample you have.

1. Boiling point2. Melting point3. Density4. Magnetism5. Solubility

These are physical properties

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Which one is a characteristic property?A. ColorB. SizeC. TextureD. Density

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Which one could be used to help identify this substance?

A. volumeB. ColorC. melting pointD. Size

Physical propertiesPhysical properties

sample TextureCoarse,powdery,fine crystal

Solubility- +/-

Color of solutionClear/cloudy

1

2

3

Question Question Which white powder was corn starch?

What are the physical and chemical properties of corn starch and how do they help us identify it?lets take a look

Can you think of anything else that acts like corn starch.

Physical and chemical properties Physical and chemical properties of matterof matter

Physical propertiesCharacteristic that

can be observed without changing it into another substance.◦State of matter

Frozen fruit bar.

Chemical propertiesCharacteristic that

describes its ability to change into different substances.◦Iron combines with

oxygen in the air to form a different substance. Rusting.

◦Other examples?

physical and chemical changes

II. Changes in MatterII. Changes in Matter

A. Physical Changes - ◦1. Alter the form or appearance of a substance, but NOT its identity.

(change of state)◦2. Examples:

a. Crushing a soda can b. Tearing paper c. Boiling water d. Filtering dirty water e. Mixing sugar into iced tea

II. Changes in MatterII. Changes in MatterB. Chemical changes

◦1. One or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances.

◦2. Original identity is changed.◦3. Examples:

a. Heating table sugar to make caramel b. Burning wood to change it to ash and CO22

c. Digesting food to break it into its basic parts

DemosDemos1.Baking soda and vinegar2.Hydrogen peroxide and beef liver3.Vanilla extract inside a balloon4.Water + borax + white glue 5.Alka seltzer in water6.Solid from 2 liquids.

Identify as physical or chemical changes

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Which is a chemical change?A. Rotting leavesB. Freezing orange juiceC. Mixing oil and waterD. Mixing salt and water

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Which is a physical change?A. Rusting ironB. Melting butterC. Separating water into hydrogen and

oxygenD. Tarnishing silver

III. Types of MatterIII. Types of Matter

A. Mixtures◦ 1. Two or more substances mixed together, but are NOT

chemically combined.◦ 2. The individual substances retain their own properties.◦ 3. They can be separated.◦ 4. Examples:

a. Salad b. Lucky Charms c. Sand and grass and rocks d. Oxygen and nitrogen in the air

◦5. Solutions – the “best-mixed” of all mixtures, occurs when one substance dissolves in another. a. Salt water b. Lemonade c. Carbon dioxide in soda

B. Pure Substances◦1. Made of only one kind of matter.◦2. Every sample of a pure substance is always

the same.◦3. Elements

a. Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means.

b. Oxygen, iron, gold, neon, calcium, nitrogen…

◦4. Compounds a. chemical combinations of two or more different

elements. b. Can be broken down into simpler substances

by chemical means. c. Water, sugar, salt, wood, rocks, plastic, carbon

dioxide d. Water (H20) can be broken down into hydrogen

and oxygen (elements) by applying an electric current to it.

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Mixture – hold up purple cardPure Substance – hold up gray card

1. sand2. copper3. water4. fruit juice

Formative AssessmentFormative Assessment

Mixture – purple cardSolution – grey cardElement – green cardCompound – brown card1. sugar2. sugar in water (2 answers)3. water4. aluminum5. rice with vegetables