desertification unep slides
TRANSCRIPT
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Shrinking Lake ChadNigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon
Persistent drought has shrunk the lake to about a tenth of its former size
• 1972: Larger lake surface area is visible in this image
• 2001: Impact of drought displays a shrunken lake, comparatively much smaller surface area than in 1972 image
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Land cover degradation around Lake Nakuru, Kenya
These images show the land cover degradation in the lake’s catchment
• 1973: The area that hosts the world’s largest concentration of flamingos
• 2000: Excision of forest in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve (white lines) will most likely lead to disappearance of upper catchment forest cover
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Israel
Egypt
USA Mexico
Other international boundaries viewed from Space…45
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Aral SeaAral Sea, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (top to north)(~46% water level decrease since 1960; level continues to fall)
Development of agricultural irrigation projects impedes recharge. With reduced fresh water quantities and constant evaporation, the
sea has become more saline and shrunk drastically. It has also become polluted with pesticides and fertilizers.
1985 1992
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Aral Sea, bisected, 2002 (top to northeast)
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Death of a sea - Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
Images show death of the world’s fourth largest inland sea
• 1973: The surface of the sea once measured 66 100 km2
• 1987: 60% of the volume had been lost
• 1999-2004: The sea is now quarter of the size it was 50 years ago
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Alarming drop in Lake Balkhash’s water levelKazakhstan
• 1975-1979: Excessive use and waste of lake water are causes of the drop
• 2001: Smaller neighbouring lakes appear to be drying up
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Kara-Bogaz-Gol – Lagoon of the Caspian seaTurkmenistan
Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world
• 1988: KBG is the large shallow lagoon of the Caspian sea
• 2000: Caspian Sea levels are higher than 1978 levels and water flows freely into salty waters of KBG
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• 1973: The Sea level is dropping at the rate of 1m/year
Dramatic changes in Dead Sea, Jordan
Images show dramatic changes in the Dead sea over 30 years
• 2002: Notice the expansion of salt works, and near-complete closing off of the southern part by dry land
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Mono Lake, Sierra Nevada, CAMono Lake, Sierra Nevada, CAWater drawn to supply LA has resulted in lowered lake levels,
increased salinity, and an endangered ecosystem.
Las Vegas, NVLas Vegas, NVRapid urbanization in a desert
setting stresses surface and ground water resources.
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Lake Powell and the Colorado River, Colorado Plateau, UT-AZLake Powell and the Colorado River, Colorado Plateau, UT-AZ“The building of Glen Canyon Dam ushered in the modern environmental
movement…” -- David Brower, Sierra Club
“The canyonlands did have a heart, aliving heart, and that heart was GlenCanyon and the wild Colorado.”
-- Edward Abbey
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Glen Canyon Dam
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Agricultural landscape, Uzbekistan, 2002Agricultural landscape, Uzbekistan, 200251
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Changes due to Three Gorges Dam construction, China
Changes due to the construction of dam
• 1987: Nature of the river and surrounding landscape before the dam
• 2004: The enormous dam is clearly visible
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Impact of Al Wahda reservoir in Morocco
These images illustrate the change in land cover
• 1987: The area before the construction of dams
• 2001: The area after the construction of 110 large dams
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Beijing, the capital city of China, has experienced explosive growth since economic reforms in 1979
• 1978: Beijing in 1978
• 2000: Extent of urban expansion is clearly visible
Explosive growth in BeijingChina
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Sydney – the country’s largest cityAustralia
1975-2002: Over the last several decades, Sydney has been expanding westward toward the Blue Mountains
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Rapid growth in SantiagoChile
The explosive growth of Santiago’s urban area
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Fastest growing megalopolis in the world - Mexico City, Mexico
• 1973 -Urban growth is concentrated in the center of the city
• 2000 -Now expands dramatically into surrounding rural areas
Growth of a
mega city
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Las Vegas – Fastest growing metropolitan area in the United States
• 1973: A small settlement
• 2000-2006:The landscape is now dramatically modified
Images courtesy USGS
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Expanding Las Vegas, United States
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Drought in the Western United States
Lake Mead
20002004
Hoover Dam and Lake Mead
PhotoViewPhotoView 18 meters18 meters
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Golf courses springing up around Lake MeadUnited States
New Golf Courses since 2001Expansion of Golf Courses around Lake Mead
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