design calculations for pressure vessels

Do not print this sheet, it contains only information as how to design elements of pressure vessel

INPUTS

INPUT CELLS (UNLOCKED) Drop down selection

CALCULATIONS BY PROGRAM

RESULTS

STEPS

1 Select sheet what you need to design (e-g: For shell design select shell sheet)

2 Input values in yellow cells -----> or thru cells

3 Results are shown for every item at end of the sheet

Histroy:

0 Reviewed with ARC USA 05.11.07

INPUTS

Select sheet what you need to design (e-g: For shell design select shell sheet)

Inputs

THICKNESS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)

Dsign Code: ASME Sec VIII, Div.1, 2004

Cylinder Construction Material SA-516 Gr. 70See Section II Part D for other materials

Internal Design Pressure P 107.00 psi

Inner Diameter of Shell 4580.00 mm

Design Temperature Temp 315.00 °F

Corrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm

Allowable Stress S20000

psi20000.00

Radiography Type Full

Joint Efficiency E 1.00

Shell thickness per UG-27

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Shell t = 15.2910 mm

Mill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mm

Min. req'd thickness of Shell to= 15.5910 mm or

Select shell thickness 16.0000 mm Recommended thickness is adequate

Stress Releif per UCS-79

Nominal thickness of Vessel 16.00 mm

Final Centre Linre Radius 2298.00 mm

Original Centreline radius infinity for straight plate

Di

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Cylindrical Shell

t=PDi

2(SE−0 .6 P )

Percent Extreme fiber Elongation 0.348% Stress Releif Not Required

Inputs

THICKNESS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL(Internal Pressure & Outside Dimensions)


Cylinder Construction Material SA-106 Gr. BSee Section II Part D for other materials






psi20000.00



Shell thickness per UG-27

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Shell t = 11.9131 mm


Min. req'd thickness of Shell to= 13.4023 mm or

Select shell thickness 16.0000 mm Recommended thickness is adequate





Percent Extreme fiber Elongation 6.809%Stress Releif Required. To Avoid Stress Releif Increase The Thickness

Do

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Cylindrical Shell

t=PDo

2(SE+0 .4 P )

THICKNESS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL(Internal Pressure & Outside Dimensions)

Recommended thickness is adequate

Stress Releif Required. To Avoid Stress Releif Increase The Thickness

Inputs

THICKNESS OF BOOT(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)


Cylinder Construction Material As DesiredSee Section II Part D for other materials



Height of Liquid Level in Boot H 3.00 ft



Total Internal Pressure in Boot 351.30 psi

Allowable Stress S0

psi20000.00 To be entered by user



Thickness per UG-27

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Boot t = 16.5271 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mmMin. req'd thickness of Boot to= 16.8271 mm or

Select Boot thickness 17.0000 mm Recommended thickness is adequate


Nominal thickness of Boot 17.00 mm



Di

Pi

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Boot

t=P iD i

2(SE−0 .6 P )

Inputs

THICKNESS OF ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)




Inner Diameter of Head 3300.00 mm




psi20000.00

Radiography Type Spot


Thickness per UG-32

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Head t = 145.1705 mm


Min. req'd thickness of Head to= 145.4705 mm or

Select Head thickness 14.0000 mm

Recommend a higher thickness





Di

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Elli

pso

idal

Hea

d

Elli

pso

idal

Hea

d

t=PDi

2SE−0 .2P

Inputs









psi20000.00



Thickness per UG-32

Result:




Select Head thickness 14.0000 mm Recommended thickness is adequate





Percent Extreme fiber Elongation 21.52%

D0

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Ell

ips

oid

al

Hea

d

Ell

ips

oid

al

Hea

d

t=PD o

2SE+1 .8 P

Stress Releif Required. To Avoid Stress Releif Increase The Thickness

Inputs



Cylinder Construction Material As Desired Add SA 105 as Boot capSee Section II Part D for other materials





Allowable Stress S0




Thickness per UG-32

Result:





5/16 in






Di

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Boot

t=PDi

2SE−0 .2P

Inputs

THICKNESS OF HEMISPHERICAL HEAD(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)







Allowable Stress S0




Thickness per UG-32

Result:










Di

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

Sp

her

ica

lH

ead

Sp

her

ica

lH

ead

t=PDi

2(2SE−0 .2P )

Inputs

THICKNESS OF CONICAL SECTION(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)

Note: α to be less than 30 degree


Cylinder Construction Material SA-106 Gr. BSee Section II Part D for other materials


Inner Diameter of Conical section 2438.40 mm



Cone Half Apex Angle α 35.00 Degree


psi20000.00



Thickness per UG-32

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Conical section t = 8.7270 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 1.091 mmMin. req'd thickness of Conical section to= 9.8179 mm or

Select Conical section thickness 7.9375 mm 5/16 in Recommend a higher thickness





Di

Formula is not valid. See Div I for special analysis

tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

α ConicalSection

t=PDi

2Cosα (SE−0 .6 P)

Inputs

THICKNESS OF TORISPHERICAL HEAD(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)




Inner Diameter of Head L 2438.40 mm



Knuckle radius r 152.40 mm

Allowable Stress S0




Ratio L/r 16.00

Case 1: when L/r= 16

Thickness per UG-32This Formula Is Valid

Result:

Min. Req. Design Thickness of Head t = 17.5762 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mmMin. req'd thickness of Head to= 17.8762 mm or

Select Head thickness 14.2875 mm 9/16 in Recommend a higher thickness

Case 2: when L/r < 16

Torispherical Head

t=0 .885PL

( SE−0 .1 P)

t=PLM

2SE−0 .2P

Thickness per UG-32This Formula Is Not Valid

Result:

Factor M M= 1.75 mmMin. Req. Design Thickness of Head t = 17.41 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mmMin. req'd thickness of Head to= 17.71 mm or


SA-516 Gr. 70 9/16 in Recommend a higher thickness

SA-106 Gr. B

Case 3: SA-285 Gr. C

when L/r > 16 SA-240 Gr. 304

Thickness per UG-32As Desired

This Formula Is Not Valid

Result:

Factor M M= 1.75 mmMin. Req. Design Thickness of Head t = 17.41 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mmMin. req'd thickness of Head to= 17.71 mm or

Select Head thickness 14.2875 mm 9/16 in Recommend a higher thickness






tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

t=PLM

2SE−0 .2P

M= 14(3+√Lr )

t=PLM

2SE−0 .2P

Inputs

THICKNESS OF HEMISPHERICAL HEAD(Internal Pressure & Inside Dimensions)







Allowable Stress S0




Required thickness of Shell tr -505.00 mm

Actual thickness of Shell ts -505.00 mm

Thickness per UG-34

Result:

C Factor C= 0.33 mmMin. Req. Design Thickness of Head t = 45.8892 mmMill Undertolerence per UG-16 0.300 mmMin. req'd thickness of Head to= 46.1892 mm or




Di

Circular FlatHead

t=D√CPSEC=0 .33

t rt s





tnom=

Rf=

Ro=

SADDLE DIMENSIONS

Dia of Max.Weight Base Plate Web Plate Wear Plate Ribs Dist. Of centre Bolt Dist. Bolt DiaVessel of Vessel Length Width Thickness Height Thickness Width Thickness Width Thickness from Base Plate

(mm) (Kg) A (mm) C (mm) G (mm) (mm) H (mm) D (mm) K (mm) (mm) H (mm) (B) E (mm) (mm)

304.8 19,051 266.7 101.6 6.35 6.35 101.6 6.35 304.8 88.9 12.70355.6 22,680 317.5 101.6 6.35 6.35 101.6 6.35 330.2 101.6 12.70406.4 25,402 355.6 101.6 6.35 6.35 101.6 6.35 355.6 127 12.70457.2 28,123 393.7 101.6 6.35 6.35 101.6 6.35 381 152.4 12.70508 31,752 444.5 101.6 6.35 6.35 101.6 6.35 406.4 165.1 12.70

558.8 34,474 482.6 101.6 6.35 6.35 152.4 6.35 431.8 177.8 12.70609.6 38,102 533.4 101.6 6.35 6.35 152.4 6.35 457.2 190.5 12.70660.4 40,824 571.5 101.6 6.35 6.35 152.4 6.35 6.35 482.6 203.2 12.70711.2 44,453 622.3 101.6 12.7 6.35 152.4 6.35 6.35 508 215.9 12.70762 47,174 660.4 101.6 12.7 6.35 152.4 6.35 6.35 533.4 228.6 12.70

812.8 50,803 711.2 101.6 12.7 6.35 152.4 6.35 6.35 558.8 241.3 12.70863.6 58,061 736.6 152.4 12.7 6.35 279.4 6.35 6.35 584.2 254 12.70914.4 60,782 774.7 152.4 12.7 6.35 279.4 6.35 6.35 609.6 279.4 12.70965.2 65,318 838.2 152.4 12.7 6.35 279.4 6.35 6.35 635 304.8 19.051016 95,256 889 152.4 12.7 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 660.4 330.2 19.05

1066.8 99,792 927.1 152.4 12.7 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 685.8 355.6 19.051219.2 114,307 1066.8 152.4 19.05 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 762 406.4 19.051371.6 127,915 1193.8 152.4 19.05 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 914.4 457.2 19.05

1524 141,523 1320.8 152.4 19.05 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 990.6 508 19.051676.4 156,038 1460.5 152.4 19.05 9.525 279.4 9.525 9.525 1066.8 558.8 19.051828.8 182,347 1587.5 228.6 19.05 9.525 457.2 9.525 9.525 1143 609.6 19.051981.2 197,770 1727.2 228.6 19.05 12.7 457.2 9.525 12.7 1219.2 660.4 19.052133.6 213,192 1854.2 228.6 19.05 12.7 457.2 9.525 12.7 1295.4 711.2 25.402286 227,707 1981.2 228.6 19.05 12.7 457.2 9.525 12.7 1371.6 762 25.40

2438.4 243,130 2120.9 228.6 25.4 12.7 457.2 9.525 12.7 1447.8 812.8 25.402590.8 344,736 2247.9 228.6 25.4 12.7 457.2 12.7 12.7 1524 863.6 25.402743.2 365,602 2374.9 228.6 25.4 12.7 457.2 12.7 12.7 1600.2 914.4 25.402895.6 386,467 2527.3 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 1676.4 965.2 25.403048 406,426 2641.6 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 1752.6 1016 31.75

3200.4 426,384 2781.3 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 1828.8 1066.8 31.753352.8 447,250 2908.3 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 1905 1117.6 31.753505.2 467,208 3048 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 1981.2 1168.4 31.753657.6 488,074 3175 228.6 25.4 19.05 609.6 12.7 19.05 2057.4 1219.2 31.75

THICKNESS OF SKIRT

LATERInputs

* Wind Load (From PVElite) P 8500.00 lbs* Height of Vessel H 58.00 ft

* Moment 493,000.00 lbs-ft* Outside Radius of Skirt R 28.00 in* Joint Efficiency E 0.70

* Stress Value of Head or Skirt 20000.00 psiMat. Whichever is smaller

* Weight of Tower above Skirt W 78000.00 lbs516 Gr-70

Temp(F) S (psi)

(-20) 20,000

Formula used : 50 20,000

100 20,000

200 20,000

Resuslt: 300 20,000400 20,000

Required Thickness of Skirt 0.30 in 500 20,000600 19,400

650 18,800

Required Thickness of Skirt 7.58 mm 700 18,100750 14,800

800 12,000

MT

Skirt

t=12MT

πR ²SE+ 2Wπ RSE

850 9,300900 6,700950 4,000

1000 2,500

Note: For other materials see section 2 part D

THICKNESS OF NOZZLE AS PER UG-45

Nozzle Size : NB 3/4" (DN 20) Nozzle on Sump of PV-221 ( R22 Receiver ) LATER

Inputs InputsUG-45 b(1) for Internal Pressure UG-45 b(2) for External Pressure

Internal Design Pressure P 259.00 psi External Design Pressure P 15.00 psiDiameter of Shell/Head D 2168.00 mm Diameter of Shell/Head D 2168.00 mmDesign Temperature Temp 140.00 F Design Temperature Temp 140.00 FAllowable Stress of Shell S 17100.00 psi Allowable Stress of Shell S 17100.00 psiJoint Efficiency E 1.00 Joint Efficiency E 1.00Corrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm Corrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm

Formula used Formula used

Result ResultThickness t 19.5691 mm Thickness t 3.9514 mm

Inputs InputsUG-16(b) UG-45 b(4)

Minimum thickness t 1/16 in Standard Wall Thk of pipe t 2.87 mmMinimum thickness t 1.59 mm Minimum thickness t 2.5113 mmCorrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm Corrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm

Result ResultThickness t 4.5875 mm Thickness t 5.5113 mm

Final Result InputsUG-45 a for Internal Pressure

Step 1: Max ( UG 45b(1) , UG 16b) t 19.5691 mmInternal Design Pressure P 259.00 psi

Step 2: Max ( UG 45b(2) , UG 16b) t 4.5875 mm Diameter of Pipe D 20.00 mmDesign Temperature Temp 140.00 F

Step 3: Max ( Step1 , Step 2) t 19.5691 mm Allowable Stress S 17100.00 psiJoint Efficiency E 1.00

Step 4: Min ( Step3 , UG-45 b(4)) t 5.5113 mm Corrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm

Step 5: Max ( Step4 , UG-45 (a)) t 5.5113 mm Formula used

Result

Min Required thickness of t 5.5113 mm Thickness t 3.1529 mm

NozzleSch

t=PD

2(SE−0 .6 P )t=

PD2(SE−0 .6 P )

t=PD

2(SE−0 .6 P )

THICKNESS OF NOZZLE AS PER UG-45

Nozzle Size : 11.75 in ASME Section VIII Index L-7.2 Example 2 LATER

Inputs InputsUG-45 b(1) for Internal Pressure UG-45 b(2) for External Pressure

Internal Design Pressure P 400.00 psi External Design Pressure P 15.00 psiDiameter of Shell/Head D 60.00 in Diameter of Shell/Head D 60.00 inDesign Temperature Temp 250.00 F Design Temperature Temp 250.00 FAllowable Stress of Shell S 14300.00 psi Allowable Stress of Shell S 14300.00 psiJoint Efficiency E 1.00 Joint Efficiency E 1.00Corrosion Allowance CA 0.00 in Corrosion Allowance CA 0.00 in

Formula used Formula used

Result ResultThickness t 0.8535 in Thickness t 0.0315 in

Inputs InputsUG-16(b) UG-45 b(4)

Minimum thickness t 1/16 in Standard Wall Thk of pipe t 9.57 mmMinimum thickness t 1.59 mm Minimum thickness t 8.3738 mmCorrosion Allowance CA 3.00 mm Corrosion Allowance CA 0.00 mm

Result Thickness t 4.5875 mm Result Thickness t 8.3738 mmThickness t 0.1806 in Thickness t 0.3297 in

Final Result InputsUG-45 a for Internal Pressure

Step 1: Max ( UG 45b(1) , UG 16b) t 0.8535 mmInternal Design Pressure P 400.00 psi

Step 2: Max ( UG 45b(2) , UG 16b) t 0.1806 mm Diameter of Pipe D 11.75 inDesign Temperature Temp 250.00 F

Step 3: Max ( Step1 , Step 2) t 0.8535 mm Allowable Stress S 16600.00 psiJoint Efficiency E 1.00

Step 4: Min ( Step3 , UG-45 b(4)) t 0.3297 mm Corrosion Allowance CA 0.00 in

Step 5: Max ( Step4 , UG-45 (a)) t 0.3297 mm Formula used

Result

Min Required thickness of t 0.3297 mm Thickness t 0.14 in

NozzleSch

Actual Thickness of Pipe = Pipe Schedule Thickness x 0.875 (12.5% Undertolerance )

t=PD

2(SE−0 .6 P )t=

PD2(SE−0 .6 P )

t=PD

2(SE−0 .6 P )

Actual Thickness of Pipe should be greater than Minimum Required Thickness

PIPE SCHEDULE CHART

ND OD Sch Sch. Sch. Std. Sch. Sch. Extra Sch. Sch. Sch. Sch. Sch XX ND(in) 10 20 30 Wall 40 60 Strong 80 100 120 140 160 Strong

0.50 21.30 2.77 2.77 3.73 3.73 4.75 7.47 1/20.75 26.70 2.11 2.87 2.87 3.91 3.91 5.54 7.82 3/41.00 33.4 2.77 3.38 3.38 4.55 4.55 6.35 9.09 1.001.25 42.2 2.77 3.56 3.56 4.85 4.85 6.35 9.7 1 1/41 1/2 48.3 2.77 3.69 3.69 5.08 5.08 7.14 10.16 1 1/22.00 60.3 2.77 3.91 3.91 5.54 5.54 8.71 11.07 2.002 1/2 73 3.05 5.16 5.16 7.01 7.01 9.52 14.02 2 1/23.00 88.9 3.05 5.49 5.49 7.62 7.62 11.13 15.24 3.003 1/2 101.6 3.05 5.74 5.74 8.08 8.08 16.15 3 1/24.00 114.3 3.05 6.02 6.02 8.56 8.56 11.3 13.49 17.12 4.005.00 141.3 3.4 6.55 6.55 9.52 9.52 12.7 15.87 19.05 5.006.00 168.3 7.11 7.11 10.97 10.97 14.27 18.24 21.95 6.008.00 219.1 6.35 7.04 8.18 8.18 10.34 12.7 12.7 15.06 18.24 20.62 23.01 22.22 8.0010.00 273.1 6.35 7.8 9.27 9.27 12.7 12.7 15.06 18.24 21.41 25.4 28.57 10.0012.00 323.9 6.35 8.38 9.57 10.31 14.27 12.7 17.45 21.41 23.8 28.57 33.32 12.0014.00 355.6 6.35 7.92 9.52 9.52 11.12 15.06 12.7 19.05 23.8 27.76 31.75 35.71 14.0016.00 406.4 6.35 7.92 9.52 9.52 12.7 16.66 12.7 21.41 26.19 30.94 36.53 40.46 16.0018.00 457.2 6.35 7.92 11.12 9.52 14.27 19.05 12.7 23.8 29.36 34.92 39.67 45.24 18.0020.00 508 6.35 9.52 12.7 9.52 15.06 20.62 12.7 26.19 32.54 38.1 44.45 49.99 20.0022.00 558.8 6.35 9.52 12.7 9.52 15.87 22.22 12.7 28.57 34.92 41.27 47.64 53.97 22.0024.00 609.6 6.35 9.52 14.27 9.52 17.48 24.59 12.7 30.94 38.89 24.0026.00 660.4 7.92 12.7 9.52 12.7 26.0028.00 711.2 7.92 12.7 15.87 9.52 12.7 28.0030.00 762 7.92 12.7 15.87 9.52 12.7 30.0032.00 812.8 7.92 12.7 15.87 9.52 17.48 12.7 32.0034.00 863.6 7.92 12.7 15.87 9.52 17.48 12.7 34.0036.00 914.4 7.92 12.7 15.87 9.52 19.05 12.7 36.00

LIFTING LUG DIMENSIONS

Vessel Weight Dia of Hole Thickness of Lug Radius of Outer Height of Lug Length of Lug Weld

(Kg) D (mm) T (mm) arc R (mm) H (mm) L (mm) (Min)5,443 25.4 12.7 38.1 127 254

12.7 mm Full Penetration Fillet9,072 28.702 19.05 50.8 152.4 254

13,608 35.052 25.4 54.102 152.4 25422,680 41.402 31.75 63.5 177.8 304.831,752 54.102 31.75 88.9 203.2 304.8

19.05 mm Full Penetration Fillet

45,360 63.5 38.1 114.3 228.6 406.468,040 76.2 44.45 127 254 406.490,720 101.6 50.8 152.4 304.8 457.2

113,400 107.95 50.8 165.1 330.2 457.2136,080 114.3 63.5 177.8 355.6 508

LATERButt Weld Input Pressure Conditions

Thickness of the Plate t 16.00 mm Design Pressure P 400.00 psi

Bevel Angle Theta 56.00 degree Diameter D 1375 mm

Diameter to be Weld D 1375.00 mm Area for Pressure A 1484140.63

Total Area of Weld A 539867.88 Area for Pressure A 2300.42

Total Area of Weld A 836.80 Load induced F 920169 lbs

Allowable Stress of Material S 20000.00 psi

Bearable Load for Butt Weld F 16735938 lbs

Strength of Weld 1718.79 %

Result Weld is O.K.

mm2

mm2 in2

in2

ANCHOR BOLT DESIGNLATER

Inputs TableBolt Area Bolt Size

Wind Load (From PVElite) P 3000.00 lbs in

Height of Vessel with Skirt H 21.00 ft 0.126 0.500

Moment M 63,000.00 lbs-ft 0.202 0.625

Weight of Vessel W 11000.00 lbs 0.302 0.750

Bolt Circle 84.00 in 0.419 0.875

Area within Bolt Circle 5,538.96 0.551 1.000

Circumference of Bolt Circle 264 in 0.693 1.125

Maximum Tension T 94.78 lb/in 0.89 1.250

Allow. Stress Value of Bolt Mat. 15,000.00 psi 1.054 1.375

No. of Anchor Bolts N 8.00 1.294 1.500

Req.Area of one Bolt 0.21 1.515 1.625

Dia of Bolt from Table against Root Area d 0.63 in 1.744 1.750

Induced Stress in Anchor Bolts 10,191.08 psi 2.049 1.875

Corrosion Allowance for Bolt CA 0.13 in 2.3 2.000

3.02 2.250

Formulas Used 3.715 2.5004.618 2.750

i Maximum Tension ( lb/in ) 5.621 3.000

ii Req. Area of One Bolt ( Sq.in )

iii Stress in Anchor Bolt ( psi )

Resuslt:

Required Diameter of Anchor Bolt 0.75 in

in2

AB in2

CB

SB

BA in2

Sind

T=12MAB

−WCB

BA=TCBSBN

SB=TCBB AN

Required Diameter of Anchor Bolt 19.05 mm

LATER

Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Temperature (F)(in) (mm)

0.1 2.54 -55 2.54 -55

0.2 5.08 -55 5.08 -55

0.3 7.62 -55 7.62 -55

0.4 10.16 -55 10.16 -55

0.5 12.7 -55 12.7 -55

0.6 15.24 -50 15.24 -500.7 17.78 -45 17.78 -450.8 20.32 -40 20.32 -400.9 22.86 -35 22.86 -35

1 25.4 -30 25.4 -301.3 33.02 -20 33.02 -201.5 38.1 -15 38.1 -151.7 43.18 -10 43.18 -102.2 55.88 0 55.88 02.5 63.5 5 63.5 52.9 73.66 10 73.66 103.4 86.36 15 86.36 153.8 96.52 20 96.52 204.2 106.68 25 106.68 254.7 119.38 30 119.38 305.3 134.62 35 134.62 355.4 137.16 35 137.16 356 152.4 38 152.4 38

000000

INTERPOLATION

Temp (F) Thickness

X1 -50 Y1 15.24

X ? Y 16

X2 -45 Y2 17.78

X -48.5

INTERPOLATION

X1 340.57 Y1 81.35

X ? Y 85

X2 359.93 Y2 85.95

X 355.93174

design calculations for pressure vessels

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internal design

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di temp ca

weld total