design your watersmart landscape marked set by jgerman€¦ · show basic planting areas ......
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Landscape design and other design areas
• Similarities:• Same basic elements & principles
• Differences:• Three-dimensional • Living• Seasonal & ever changing
Step 4: Design Your WaterSmart Landscape
Aesthetics: BalanceSymmetrical Balance
both sides even or visually identical - a mirror image. Formal.
Asymmetrical Balance different-sized elements balance one another by having equal visual weight. Informal.
SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Aesthetics: Proportion
• Relative size of objects within the composition:Large tree can make a house appear smaller
• Most SoCal homes areout of scale to their lots
• Plantings may grow out of scale
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Aesthetics: ColorMost powerful of art elementsEstablish harmony
• Soothing: low contrast, monochromatic, cool• Energizing: contrast, complimentary, warm
SECONDARY COLORSPRIMARY COLORS TERTIARY COLORS
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Aesthetics: ColorSimple Color Harmony
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Aesthetics: Contrast• Provides interest and impact• Creates Focal Points and catches the eye• Contrast plant textures, values, and colors
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Aesthetics: Unity• Provides cohesive calm• Repeat plant selections throughout the plan
including both sides of driveway
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Curb Appeal: Billboard Effect• Groups or drifts of plants catch the moving eye • High contrast• Simple
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Curb Appeal: Path to the door
• Direct line of sight or visual cues
• Generous path welcomes guests
• No over grown areas
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Curb Appeal: Path to the door
• Direct line of sight or visual cues
• Generous path welcomes guests
• No over grown areas
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Plant Functions in Design:Climate Mitigation
• Tradeoffs:• Deciduous / Evergreen• View vs. Temperature
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Euphorbia cotinifolia Caribbean Copper Plant
Plant Functions in Design: Security• Thorns as a
deterrent
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Plant Functions in Design: Privacy
• Screen ugly views or create privacy• Pick a cultivar that doesn’t need frequent pruning
Step 4: Design: Background Concepts
Podocarpus macrophyllus maki Shubby Yew
Pittosporum tenufolium ‘Silver Sheen’
Explore Design as 2 parts:
• Shaping Spaces• How will you use the space?
• space arrangement, location of major elements• Design in 3D• Form follows Function
• Planting design• How the space is filled with plants for effective
design
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
How will you use your space?Is your space an Outdoor Room, a Passageway, or a Garden?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Outdoor Rooms• Walls
• Do NOT need to be solid to create sense of enclosure
• Floor • Flagstone, DG, mulch
or groundcover
• Ceilings • can be canopies or arbors
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Passageway• Way-finding or easy to follow• Open path for curb appeal • “Peek-a-view” for mystery
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
View Garden• Enjoy from a distance• Treat as a canvas• Include paths for maintenance & strolling
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
View GardenBorrowed Views
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
View GardenCreated Views
• Use an accent feature to create a focal point
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Design in 3DCreate vertical dimension with
• Layered planting
Background: 6’+
Middleground: 4’+/-
Foreground: 0-12”
for islands
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows Function
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
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Form Follows Function• How will the space be used?• What activities will occur there?
• Active Uses: cooking, eating, entertaining, sports, play, pool, pets, food
• Passive Uses: resting, meditation, viewing
• Does the current layout “work” or does it need to change to be more functional?
• Lose the bed lines! • Don’t think of your planting bed as a separate area … plan
the entire space!
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Create a Functional Bubble Plan
• Think• How the space could
be used, NOT how it IS used.• Will it be an outdoor room,
garden or pathway? • Do you want add
• Seating areas? • Pathways through
planting “islands”?• Meander through your
yard/slope with a circular route?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Think outside the box!
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Create a Functional Bubble Plan
• Think: How the space could be used, NOT how it IS used.
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Is it an Outdoor Room?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
An Outdoor Room with a dry stream bed?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Is it a Passageway?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Is it a Garden?
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Form Follows FunctionGet started: Functional Spaces & Hardscape
Create a Planting Area Bubble Plan• Show basic planting areas• Locate planting heights of
• High• Medium • Low
Design Hardscape• Check hardscape in place and
correct• Add desired elements
Step 4: Design: Functional Design
Creating Your Plant Palette
• How to Choose?• What do you like?• Climate appropriate?• Place appropriate?• Does it fill a design function?
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Climate Appropriate PlantsLeaves are
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Leathery Small
Silvery Solar tracking
Climate Appropriate:Where to get plant suggestions?WaterSmart Plant Palettes: Homeowner’s Guide and Online
• Mediterranean• Asian• Tropical• Contemporary• Native• Shade• Groundcover options
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesMediterranean
CC BY 2.0, Karen Roe
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Lavender Rosemary
Olives
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesLow Water Asian
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Iris douglasiana Dietes African Iris Nandina
Juniperus Juniper
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesLow Water Tropical
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Lantana Alstroemeria
Strelitzia Bird of ParadiseEuphorbia milii Crown of Thorns
Bromeliads
Plumeria
Bougainvillea Geraniums Bird of Paradise
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesLow Water Contemporary
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Anigozanthos Kangaroo PawAssorted Succulents
Fire Sticks Kalanchoe thyrisifolia Agave Attenuata
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesCalifornia Natives
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Heteromeles arbutifoliaToyon
Romneya coulteriMatilija Poppy
EpilobiumCalifornia Fushia
Saliva clevelandiiCleveland Sage
A note about Natives …
WaterSmart Plant PalettesCalifornia Natives
• Adapted for our climate, soils• Provide habitat and attract wildlife
Native plants need:• Little or no summer water• Little or no fertilizer • No pesticides• Less maintenance
Some native plants are summer deciduous
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Where to get plant suggestions?
WaterSmart Plant PalettesShade Plants for Dry Areas
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Bromeliads Clivia Dianella variegata Schefflera arboricola variegata
Walkable Groundcover Options:Dymondia margaretae (Silver Carpet)
Lippia nodiflora (Kurapia)
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Flat Green Groundcover Options:Fragaria chiloensis (Beach Strawberry)
Achillea millefolium (Yarrow)
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Mature Size PlantResearch the “Finished Size”
Agave americana marginata
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Mature Size PlantPick the right size cultivar for the right place
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Carissa macrocarpa / Natal PlumSpecies ‘Boxwood Beauty’ ‘Green Carpet’
8’ x 8’ 2’ x 2’ 1’ – 1 ½’ x 4’
Step 4:Design Your WaterSmart Landscape
Growing ConditionsExposure
• Soil type• Drainage
Full ShadeFull Sun
Water RequirementsWater Use Landscape Coefficient of Landscape SpeciesWUCOLSSouth CoastalSouth Inland
Plant Search:http://ucanr.edu/sites/WUCOLS/Plant_Search_Instructions/
Escondido, Rancho Bernardo, San Marcos, Poway, Lakeside , Ramona
San Diego, Chula Vista, Del Mar, La Jolla, Carlsbad, Oceanside, Vista, El Cajon
Step 4:Design Your WaterSmart Landscape
Putting It Together: Hydrozoning• Group plants with like water needs together,
according to irrigation zone• Do not put water needy plants next to low-water
plants • Research:
• Water Use Classification of Landscape Species (WUCOLS) rating
• Plant palettes• Sunset Western
Step 4:Design Your WaterSmart Landscape
Plant Research: How do I get to know this plant?
WaterSmart Plant Palettes
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Plant Research: How do I get to know this plant?
Sunset Western Garden Book
Specific Plant Info• Water usage• Mature Size• Cultivars• Growing conditions
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Find Your Sunset Western ZoneZone 24
• Mild maritime climate, mild winters, cool summers, rarely freezes
Zone 23• Warmer than Zone 24,
usually frost-freeZone 21
• A mix of maritime & continental influence, colder in winter
http://www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/sunset-climate-zone-san-diego-area-00418000067314/
Plant Research: How do I get to know this plant?Sunset Western Garden Book
Specific Plant Info• Water usage• Mature Size• Cultivars• Growing requirements
Step 4:Design: Plant Selection
Explore Design as 2 parts:
Physical site design• How the space is arranged,
location of major elements
Planting design and placement
• How the space is filled with plants for effective design
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Putting It Together: Size your plants• Draw at Mature Size to match Bubble Diagram• Avoid overplanting• Allow room to grow• Understand you may
need to edit and thin later
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Drawing Plants in Scale• Pencil in the plants for your space:• At 1/4” scale = 1’- 0”
• 3’ diameter shrub drawn as 3/4” diameter circle
• 12’ canopy tree drawnas 3” diameter circle
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Drawing Plants in Scale• Determine the mature size of the plant• Use the mature size• Find appropriate circle
on template
• Example: • Bush is 3’ at maturity• In 1/4 scale, use 3/4”
diameter circle
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Drawing Plants in Scale
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Drawing Plants in Scale
Step 4: Design: Planting Design & Placement
Anatomy of an Irrigation System
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Pressure Test• Use meter on last head on valve
• Range should be between 25 psi and 40 psi
Sprays: Low Pressure
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Donuts formed by poor coverage
Sprays: High Pressure
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Misting
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Pressure Regulation
At the point of connection (POC) At the head At the valve
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Overhead or Drip?
Choose Overhead Spray for:• Large areas of turf replacement ground cover
(i.e. dymondia, Beach Strawberry, etc.)• The existing overhead system has good existing
coverage
Choose Drip for:• Small, oddly shaped planting areas• Mixing of plants with differing water requirements in
the same valve area
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Advantages of Efficient Overhead Spray
• Simple to retrofit existing spray hardware • Can match precipitation rate of drip• Simpler to troubleshoot than drip• May provide better coverage for groundcover
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Advantages of Drip Systems• Drip is the most efficient
irrigation delivery type
• Reduces weed growth by targeted water application
• Prevents runoff and erosion
• Low precipitation rate
• No trenching means less digging
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Drip Retrofit Systems• Replace existing pop-ups with
retrofit such as Rainbird R-1800
• Use subsurface tubing with emitter valves, not micro spray and 1/4”spaghetti lines
• Cover with mulch
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Advantages of In-Line Drip Emitters
• Provide consistent precipitation rate throughout line
• Less prone to clogging and damage than micro spray
• Easy to install
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Filters
At the headAt the valve
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
In-line Drip
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Irrigation Plan
• Create an irrigation plan based on your completed planting plan and hydrozones.
• Select a category of irrigation (rotor, drip, etc…)• Prepare a materials list and fill in spaces on your legend
(components and quantity).
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
What is a Controller Program?
• A set of instructions stored in the controller
• Different irrigation schedules• Irrigation days – how often?• Start times – at what time?• Water times – how long?
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
Water Efficient Control Equipment• Smart Controllers• Rain and ETo Sensors• Moisture Sensors
Smart Controllers Moisture Sensors
Rain and ETo Sensors
How much water does your
landscape need?
…. It depends.
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
• Soil Texture• Precipitation Rate• Plant Demand
Irrigation Scheduling: InternetBeWaterWise.com
Step 4: Design: Irrigation
1. Prepare the site
• Cut down tall weeds • Remove woody or invasive plants • (warm season turf)• Flag sprinkler heads• Soak the area with water
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
2. Edging, Mounding & Contouring
• Make room for the mulch: Cut lawn 12 inches away from concrete to 3” below concrete level.
• Create mounds with removed sod by facing turf side down or discard removed sod
• Grade as needed
Manual “Grubbing”Gas Powered
Sod Cutter
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
3. Ensure Irrigation of Trees and Large plants
• Add bubblers or drip irrigation if needed
In-line drip irrigation can be expanded as tree growsBubbler HeadDrip Irrigation
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
4. Plant Large Plants
• 5 gallon and larger
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
5. Add a weed barrier • NOT weed cloth (except under rock)• Newspaper or cardboard• Overlap by 6-8 inches• Cover all ground except where
there are plants
Paper & Cardboard Weed Barrier
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
Notify your neighbors first!
Weed Barrier: Newspaper & Cardboard
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
6. Layer • 1-2” of compost • 4-5” of Soil Building Mulch (tree trimmer’s chipped, etc.)• Pull compost and mulch away from plant crowns and trunks
Timing• Traditional: Allow 3 - 5 months
for composting to complete process, then plant
• Fast: Plant before completion by digging through layers
Sheet Mulching
(4”+)
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
• Rule of thumb for coverage:1 1/3 Cu. Yd. covers100 sf @ 4” depth
Know your Turf Type to Effectively RemoveTurf Type Dormant
SeasonActive
SeasonGrowth
formSeeds Common
TypesKill
Method
Cool Season
Winter Summer Small tuffs
Dwarf Tall Fescue (common locally), Perennial Ryegrass, Annual Ryegrass, Blue Grass
Sheet Mulch
Warm Season
Winter Summer Creeping Stolons
Bermuda grass, Zoysiagrass, St. Augustine Grass, Kikuyu grass
Solarization orChemicalFollowed by Sheet Mulching
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal & Sheet Mulching
Warm Season Turf Treatment Methods• Herbicides
• Cannot be killed with Chemicals when dormant • Spray herbicides when actively growing• Repeat application!
• Non-toxic herbicide products
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal
Warm Season Turf Treatment Methods:
• Complete Sod Removal• Sod goes to landfill,
cannot be recycled
Step 5: Implementation: Turf Removal
Contouring for Dry Stream
Step 5: Implementation: Contouring
Contouring Landscape Fabric First Cobbles Added
Completed
Step 5: Implementation: Sequence
Do It Yourself or Professional Contractor What is right for you?• Tradeoff: Cost vs. Labor + Time• Option: Be the General Contractor yourself
Installation or Repair:• California Landscape Contractors Association (CLCA)
http://www.clcasandiego.org• Certified Irrigation Professional www.Irrigation.org • Contractors State License Board (CSLB)
http://www.cslb.ca.gov/Consumers/• YouTube Instructional Videos
Step 6: Maintenance: Irrigation
Irrigation Maintenance
• Adjust run time for season:• 1. Winter• 2. Fall & Spring• 3. Summer
• Check for leaks and fix leaks promptly• Flush drip systems and check filters to
reduce clogging• Adjust sprayheads to prevent
overspray on hardscape
Step 6: Maintenance: Plants
Plant Maintenance
• Amend soil with compost and mulch regularly • Remove weeds • Monitor plant health • Minimize the use of
non- organic chemicals• Start with a hard spray
of water• Use insecticidal soap
or other non-toxic pest killer
QUESTIONS?
Apply for the WaterSmart Landscape Makeover Series:
http://landscapemakeover.watersmartsd.org/ Presentation Slides at:http://www.watersmartsd.org/programs/watersmart-landscape-design-homeowners-workshop