deterrence & diplomacy
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Deterrence & Diplomacy
Chapter 6
Objective• Understand how Singapore manages
conflict and ensure national security
Managing National Security
Deterrence Diplomacy
Overview• Countries manage international
relations through deterrence & diplomacy (D&D)
• Singapore’s deterrence policy: prepared for any form of threats
• Singapore’s diplomatic policy: developing relationships with as many countries as possible.
Deterrence• Refers to measures taken by
countries to prevent and protect themselves from threats
• Maintaining military installations• Carrying out military exercises• Sharing information among countries• Installing CCTV cameras at train stations
Deterrence
A citizen armed force
Military co-operation with other countries
3rd Generation
SAF
Singapore’s defence industry
Total Defence
Multi-agency coordination
A citizen armed force• National Service (NS) was introduced in
1967 for all able-bodied male citizens
• Continue to serve as Operationally Ready Nsmen for another 10 years
• Undergo refresher courses
• Maintain competence in handling new weapons and equipment
3rd Generation SAF• Recent advances in info-
communication technologies
• SAF needs to maximise defense capabilities
• Soldiers can fight decisively in war & respond flexibly in peacetime.
Singapore’s defence industry
• SAF needs to be self-reliant in defence weapons
• DSTA provides cost-effective and modern technology to SAF and MINDEF
• Buys and upgrades weapons
• Conducts defence-related research & development
Total Defence• Singaporeans believe that Singapore is
worth defending and are involved in all defence efforts.
• Potential aggressors will think twice about attacking Singapore
• 5 aspects: Civil, Economic, Social, Psychological, Military
• Commemorated to remind Singaporeans not to take our security for granted.
Multi-agency coordination on
security• Various government agencies work
closely together to strengthen and enhance national security.
• Meet regularly to plan national security strategies and policies
• Work together with commercial and private parties to combat any form of major terror threats
Military co-operation• Friendly ties with the armed forces of
other countries• Agreements for Singapore troops to
train in countries such as France, Australia and India.
• Regular military training activities • FPDA established for nations to
cooperate and consult one another on measures to be taken
Group Work• Each group will take charge of each
measure on deterrence. • Discuss with group members on how
the measure helps to prevent & protect Singapore from threats.
• Write your responses on the butcher paper.
• Class discussion • 10 minutes for group work!
•Explain how each measure will ensure stability and peace in Singapore.
Importance of Deterrence
• Self-reliance after being “abandoned” during Japanese Occupation and Indonesian Confrontation
• Economy affected when defence is weak
• People do not feel secure and foreign companies are not willing to invest in Singapore
Deterrence
A citizen armed force
Military co-operation with other countries
3rd Generation
SAF
Singapore’s defence industry
Total Defence
Multi-agency coordination
Diplomacy• The way in which countries manage or
conduct relations with one another.
• Promote common interests and to resolve conflicting interests in a peaceful manner.
Diplomacy
Bilateral relations
Regional relations
International relations
Bilateral relations• Relationship between 2 countries
o E.g. Singapore & Japan, Singapore & USA, Singapore & Malaysia
• Singapore has been expanding bilateral relationships with many countries since its independence.
• Offering help in times of need: humanitarian aid to Aceh when the earthquake hit in 2004. Singapore sent medicine, first aid, food parcels, water, etc. for homeless victims.
Regional relations• An association of countries in a region
• Better position when dealing with other countries or associations. E.g. ASEAN, EU, SAARC
Regional relations• ASEAN initiatives
o ASEAN Free Trade Area, ASEAN Regional Forum, Education and professional exchange, economic cooperation & assistance, environmental collaboration
Education & Professional Exchange• Singapore has provided training to 1700
officials from Laos since 1993.• Training on IT skills, learning English
and handling trade promotions. • Scholarships offered to students of
ASEAN countries so when they return to their home country they can contribute to their country’s development.
International relations• Involve ties among many countries or
groupings throughout the world.
• United Nations (UN) helped Singapore by sending experts to advise and help in the economic and social development of the country
• Singapore received help in industrial planning and development in the 1970s
Importance of diplomacy
• Diplomacy provides an opportunity for countries to pursue mutual interests.
• It also enables them to cooperate with one another to solve common problems.
• It also helps countries resolve conflicts, differences and disagreements peacefully.
• Diplomacy also allows countries to help one another in times of need.
Diplomacy
Bilateral relations
Regional relations
International relations