development- getting started unit 4 lesson 1. objectives define developmental psychology and...
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Development-Development-Getting StartedGetting Started
Unit 4Unit 4
Lesson 1Lesson 1
ObjectivesObjectives
Define developmental psychology and Define developmental psychology and discuss primary areas of interest.discuss primary areas of interest.
Discuss how psychologists study Discuss how psychologists study development.development.
Describe prenatal development.Describe prenatal development. Identify neonatal abilities.Identify neonatal abilities.
Warm UpWarm Up
What is What is developmental developmental psychology?psychology?
Study of progressive Study of progressive changes in human changes in human traits and abilities that traits and abilities that occur throughout a occur throughout a lifespanlifespan
Areas of DevelopmentAreas of Development
Physical DvptPhysical Dvpt All physiological changes that take placeAll physiological changes that take place
Cognitive DvptCognitive Dvpt Changes associated with thinking processes Changes associated with thinking processes
of behaviorof behavior Social DvptSocial Dvpt
Changes in self-identity…changes in Changes in self-identity…changes in interaction w/others and the environmentinteraction w/others and the environment
Major IssuesMajor Issues
Nature vs NurtureNature vs Nurture
Are we more affected Are we more affected by heredity or by heredity or environment?environment?
Continuity vs Continuity vs DiscontinuityDiscontinuity
Is dvpt change Is dvpt change gradual or do we gradual or do we progress through progress through distinct stages?distinct stages?
MethodsMethods
LongitudinalLongitudinal: Study same : Study same group over period of group over period of time…time…
Child A at 10 yrs Child A at 10 yrs 14 yrs 14 yrs 18 yrs old 18 yrs old
Cross-SectionalCross-Sectional: Study : Study different groups at same different groups at same time…time…
Child A 10 yrs oldChild A 10 yrs old Child B 14 yrs oldChild B 14 yrs old Child C 18 yrs oldChild C 18 yrs old
MethodsMethods
Cross-SequentialCross-Sequential: Mix of : Mix of above…above…
Child A at 10Child A at 1014141818 Child B at 14Child B at 1418182222 Child C at 18Child C at 1822222626
Studies discern Studies discern milestones:milestones: most typical most typical aspects of dvptaspects of dvpt
Periods of Human Life SpanPeriods of Human Life Span ConceptionConception Prenatal Period (0-9 m)Prenatal Period (0-9 m) Infancy (B-20 m)Infancy (B-20 m)
Neonatal (B-3 weeks)Neonatal (B-3 weeks) Toddlerhood (1-3 y)Toddlerhood (1-3 y) Preschool Period (3-6 y)Preschool Period (3-6 y) Middle Childhood (6-Pub)Middle Childhood (6-Pub) Adolescence (Pub-21)Adolescence (Pub-21) Young Adulthood (21-40)Young Adulthood (21-40) Middle Adulthood (40-65)Middle Adulthood (40-65) Late Adulthood (65+)Late Adulthood (65+)
Prenatal DvptPrenatal Dvpt
Time pd from Time pd from conception to birthconception to birth
Physical Dvpt:Physical Dvpt: CephalocaudalCephalocaudal
• Head to TailHead to Tail ProximodistalProximodistal
• Center OutwardCenter Outward
Teratogens:Teratogens: Disease agents, Disease agents,
drugs, environmental drugs, environmental agents that can cause agents that can cause birth defectsbirth defects
AlcoholAlcohol Recreational Drugs, Rx DrugsRecreational Drugs, Rx Drugs Smoking Smoking http://www.clipsforclass.com/developmentalhttp://www.clipsforclass.com/developmental
X-RaysX-Rays Ingested toxins, leadIngested toxins, lead IllnessesIllnesses Poor nutritionPoor nutrition
Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentStages of Prenatal Development
GerminalGerminal EmbryonicEmbryonic FetalFetal
““IT” IT” Referred to Referred to
asas
ZygoteZygote
Period of Period of TimeTime
Important Important Dvpt?Dvpt?
Conception – Fertilization of egg in fallopian tube
Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentStages of Prenatal Development
GerminalGerminal EmbryonicEmbryonic FetalFetal
““It” It” Referred to Referred to
asas
ZygoteZygote EmbryoEmbryo FetusFetus
Period of Period of TimeTime
11stst 2 2
weeksweeks
2 – 82 – 8
weeksweeks
8 weeks – 8 weeks –
9 months9 months
Important Important Dvpt?Dvpt?
Rapid cell Rapid cell division, division, Attach to Attach to
uterusuterus
Cell Cell differentiation,differentiation,
Beginning of Beginning of organ and limb organ and limb
formationformation
Growth, Growth,
Dvpt of organs Dvpt of organs and limbs, sex and limbs, sex organs, human organs, human characteristicscharacteristics:http//www.webmd.com/baby/slideshow-fetal-development
Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”
Sophisticated sensory Sophisticated sensory and motor abilitiesand motor abilities Genetic programGenetic program Neural connectionsNeural connections
APGAR TestAPGAR Test Measures medical Measures medical
condition at birthcondition at birth
Innate AbilitiesInnate Abilities Present @ birthPresent @ birth
Reflex or Learned?Reflex or Learned?
Sucking on a pacifierSucking on a pacifier Turning towards mom when she enters a roomTurning towards mom when she enters a room Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is
strokedstroked Being able to stand without supportBeing able to stand without support Babbling the linguistic sounds of the parentsBabbling the linguistic sounds of the parents Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers & Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers &
hanging onto themhanging onto them Responding when startled by extending the arms Responding when startled by extending the arms
outward and upwardoutward and upward
Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”
Reflexes- Simple, Reflexes- Simple, unlearned responses to unlearned responses to specific stimulispecific stimuli
GraspingGrasping RootingRooting SuckingSucking MoroMoro WithdrawalWithdrawal BabinskiBabinski SphincterSphincter Breathe, Sneeze, Cough, Breathe, Sneeze, Cough,
Yawn, BlinkYawn, Blink
Newborn “Equipment”Newborn “Equipment”
Sensory DevelopmentSensory Development VisionVision HearingHearing SmellSmell TasteTaste TouchTouch
http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/in-the-womb?page=2
Assessing the NeonateAssessing the Neonate
Habituation-Habituation- Built in tendency to get easily Built in tendency to get easily bored with familiar things, and attend to new bored with familiar things, and attend to new
ones.ones.
Habituation indicates learning!Habituation indicates learning!
http://www.parents.com/baby/care/http://www.parents.com/baby/care/pediatricians-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/pediatricians-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/
TemperamentTemperament
Personality features babies are born with Personality features babies are born with (1970’s Thomas & Chess)(1970’s Thomas & Chess)
Easy Easy 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset
easyeasy
Slow-to-warm-upSlow-to-warm-up 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences, 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences,
patterns less regular.patterns less regular.
DifficultDifficult 10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.
ClosureClosure
Identify the three Identify the three different methods of different methods of developmental developmental research.research.
LongitudinalLongitudinal Cross-SectionalCross-Sectional Cross-SequentialCross-Sequential
HomeworkHomework
Life Span Development Decades ActivityLife Span Development Decades Activity