development in medical sector - bangladesh perspective
TRANSCRIPT
Development In Medical Sector – Bangladesh Perspective
Presented by - TEAM ALPHADept. of Development StudiesFaculty of Arts & Social Science
Bangladesh University of Professionals
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Introduction
Few years back even, many diseases took place and became epidemic within a blink of eyes.
Time passed, technology came, development took place and those epidemic diseases simply
flee away from our life. But How? It was Development. Specially in health sector’s
development.
Development of Medicines, Environment, Hospitals, Diagnosis System etc are significant
among all.
Bangladesh developed it’s own Pharmaceuticals & Medical Sector and thus it reduced it’s
Mortality Rate and increased it’s Life Expectancy.
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Historical Study
In previous time, people were so afraid of many diseases like Polio, Cholera etc. Their fear was
DEATH – as there was no remedy of those diseases.
Some statistics of the than epidemic diseases are given below:
25% victims died during the Polio in 1916.
In 1817, Cholera became epidemic by the travelers in many countries where 18000 people died
during that time.
In 1970, Smallpox affected 100,000 people & killed 20000
In 1990, at least 60% of all deaths in Bangladesh were due to diarrhea
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Continued
In 1990, the infant mortality rate was 100 deaths per 1000 live births
The Influenza of 1918-19 killed tens of millions of people.
Between 1947 and 1951, the Black Death wiped out as much as two-thirds of
Europe's population.
Around A.D. 540, by some accounts, it claimed 5,000 lives a day and killed by a
disease plague.
That devastation period now known as the Dark Ages in Europe.
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Overview of the Improvement In Bangladesh
Bangladesh has made significant progress in improvement of the health of
its population to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5.
By 2006 it had declined to 52 deaths per 1000 live births.
Child mortality reduced due to malnutrition, and infectious diseases such as
malaria or tuberculosis.
The number of deaths has decreased by 91% and 79% in cases of diarrhea
and malnutrition, respectively.
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Continued
On the other hand, the number of deaths due to strokes and diabetes has decreased
200% since 1990.
Infant mortality has decreased from 100 deaths to 52
Deaths per 1000 live births decreased from 1990 to 2006.
The under-5 mortality rate fell from 149 to 69 between 1990 and 2006.
Neonatal deaths account
For infant deaths is two thirds of all deaths
For under 5 is over one half of all deaths.
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Development in Health Sector of BangladeshA Story of Achievements 7
❶Bangladesh over the years have achieved remarkable progress
❷Through the government agenda the country has been on track with the health MDGs
❸The country has the highest EPI coverage (82%) amongst neighboring countries
TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
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Reduced Mortality and Increased Life Expectancy
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1997 2000 2004 2007 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80650
550 574
500
410
320 295 280
194233.8 220.2
192.9167.1 143.4 133.0 116.0 94.0 88.0 65.0 51.0
153.0112.0 104.0 92.0 87.0 82.0 66.0 65.0 52.0 37.0
42.0 44.0
55.0 57.0 59.062.0 63.0 65.0 67.0 68.0 68.0
Mor
talit
y ra
te
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
at b
irth
8TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
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Progressive Improvement In Child Health Over The Years
1991-1992 1994-1995 1997-1998 2001-2002 2004-2005 2010 MDG Target0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
52.0 48.0 42.0 41.0 37.0 32.018.0
35.0 34.024.0 24.0
15.0 13.0
10.0
5037
30 24
1411
20
Child 13-60 months Postnatal 1-12 months Neonatal <1 month
Per
1000
live
bir
ths
Average annual rate of re-duction
-9.3% per year
-6.0% per year
-2.6% per year
Sources: Measure DHS- Demographic and Health Survey URL: http://www.statcompiler.com/ 9
TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
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Reduced Fertility Rate AndIncreased Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1997 2000 2004 2007 20100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
7.0 6.86.4
5.5
4.5
3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.72.3
6.5 7.712.7
25.3
39.944.6
49.253.8
58.1 55.8 58.0
TFR (per woman)
CPR (per 1,000 population)
Tota
l Fer
tilit
y Ra
te
Cont
race
ptiv
e Pr
eval
ence
Rat
e
TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Health Care Financing Features
We have a HCF system as part of the national financial management system. Main Features
❶Share in the national budget --- 4.27% (2013-14)1
❷Public spending as % of GDP --- around 1.4%1
❸Per capita Health expenditure---US$ 27 (2011)1 ❹Out-of-pocket---64% of Total health expenditure(THE)2
❺Coverage of insurance --- <1% of THE2
❻Government is financer and provider of services❼Budget norms follow civil service and budgetary regulations and codes.
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Total Health Expenditure
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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Mill
ion
Taka
Source: WHO-NHA Data-base
Is increasing over time, it has increased from 48,000 million taka in 1996 to 300,000 million taka in 2011 (almost 6 times in 15 years)
TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Health Financing in Bangladesh (2006-2007)
Public SectorTk. 41,318; 26%
Rest of the WorldTk. 12,391; 08%
NGOsTk. 2,092; 0.1%
Household OOPTk. 103,459; 64%
Private FirmsTk. 1,325, 0.8%
Private InsuranceTk. 314; 0.2%
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Million TakaTaka 69 = 1 US $Source: BNHA 1997-2007
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Comparison Of Health Expenditure - 2011
CountryPer capita total
health spending (US $)
THE as % of GDP
Public HE as % of GDP
Per capita Govt spending
(US $)
Bangladesh 27 3.7 1.4 9.7
India 59 3.9 1.2 18.3
Nepal 33 5.4 2.1 13.0
Pakistan 30 2.5 0.7 8.0
Sri Lanka 97 3.4 1.5 43.1
Indonesia 95 2.7 0.94 33
Vietnam 96 6.9 2.7 38
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Source: WHO-NHA Data-base
TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Increase In National And Health Budget - A Comparison15
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Current Problems And Digital Solutions16
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Current Problems And Digital Solutions17
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Current Problems And Digital Solutions18
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Current Problems And Digital Solutions19
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Challenges In Bangladesh
❶Inadequate funding for the whole health system. -Government budget is 1.4% of GDP, Total Health Expenditure (THE) is 3.7% of GDP.
❷Inequity in financing and utilization-main source of financing for health care is out-of-pocket payment (64% of THE)
❸Inefficient use of resources -due to absence of proper resource allocation formula, shortage of health workers, vacant posts (44%) in public health facilities, lack of provider autonomy, no purchaser-provider split, duplication of programs and insufficient coordination leading to wastage
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR
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TEAM ALPHA - ABRAR, RASHIQ, SOHID, ADIBA, SAZZAD, ABIR 05/03/2023
Common Concerns Across The Globe
❶Increasing health care cost
❷Protect people from financial consequences of health care payment
❸Expand fiscal space in spite of macro-economic constraints
❹Use of available resources efficiently and equitably
For all these, Health care financing is moving towards
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
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