development of islam chris anderson randolph-henry high school

Development of IslamDevelopment of Islam

Chris Anderson

Randolph-Henry High School

Development of Islam

• The Islamic faith developed on the Arabian Peninsula

• Most of the peninsula is remote desert—making the area safe from attack

• The Arabs in the area were able to develop their own civilization and culture

• GeographyGeography• The Arabian Peninsula lies between the The Arabian Peninsula lies between the

Red Sea and Persian Gulf—about 1 Red Sea and Persian Gulf—about 1 million square milesmillion square miles

• Most of the peninsula is arid plains and Most of the peninsula is arid plains and desertsdeserts

• When it does rain, grasses grow very When it does rain, grasses grow very quicklyquickly

• Many oases exist in the region Many oases exist in the region

• Early PeopleEarly People• The early Arabs were bedouins—nomadic The early Arabs were bedouins—nomadic

herders herders – They herded goats, camels, and sheepThey herded goats, camels, and sheep– Lived in tents made of camel or goat hairLived in tents made of camel or goat hair

• The bedouin lived in tribes, mostly of The bedouin lived in tribes, mostly of related familiesrelated families– Family ties were valued because they Family ties were valued because they

ensured protection and survivalensured protection and survival

• A sheikh—chief—led each tribeA sheikh—chief—led each tribe

• The sheikh was advised by a council of The sheikh was advised by a council of elderselders

• Survival in the desert depending on Survival in the desert depending on everyone obeying tribal ruleseveryone obeying tribal rules

• Warfare was very common among the Warfare was very common among the different tribesdifferent tribes– The stealing of the herds led to many The stealing of the herds led to many

disagreementsdisagreements

• The bedouins believed in retaliation—”an The bedouins believed in retaliation—”an eye for an eye” justiceeye for an eye” justice

• Blood feuds existed between many tribesBlood feuds existed between many tribes

• AD 500s—many tribes began to settle AD 500s—many tribes began to settle around the oases or in fertile areas to form around the oases or in fertile areas to form citiescities

• Many market towns were establishedMany market towns were established– YathribYathrib– TaifTaif– Mecca (Makkah)—the most important trading Mecca (Makkah)—the most important trading

citycity

• MeccaMecca

• People from all over the Arabian Peninsula People from all over the Arabian Peninsula to Mecca (Makkah) to tradeto Mecca (Makkah) to trade

• Arabs also came to Mecca (Makkah) to Arabs also came to Mecca (Makkah) to worship at Arabia’s holiest shrine—worship at Arabia’s holiest shrine—KaabaKaaba

• The The KaabaKaaba contained statues of the many contained statues of the many Arab godsArab gods

• Signs of ChangeSigns of Change• Constant contact with the Byzantine Constant contact with the Byzantine

Empire introduced the idea of monotheism Empire introduced the idea of monotheism (both Judaism and Christianity) to the (both Judaism and Christianity) to the ArabsArabs

• Many of the idol worshipping Arabs Many of the idol worshipping Arabs became dissatisfied with their own religionbecame dissatisfied with their own religion

• These Arabs began searching for new These Arabs began searching for new religionsreligions

• HanifsHanifs (holy men) began to denounce the (holy men) began to denounce the idol worship and advocate monotheismidol worship and advocate monotheism

• The hanifs also rejected Judaism and The hanifs also rejected Judaism and ChristianityChristianity

• The hanifs wanted an Arab monotheistic The hanifs wanted an Arab monotheistic religionreligion

• A new Arab monotheistic arose—A new Arab monotheistic arose—Islam Islam ----“submission to the will of Allah (God)”“submission to the will of Allah (God)”

• MuhammadMuhammad

• The prophet Muhammad was born in The prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca (Makkah) around AD 570Mecca (Makkah) around AD 570

• He was orphaned early on and raised by He was orphaned early on and raised by an unclean uncle

• As a teen, he worked as a caravan leaderAs a teen, he worked as a caravan leader

• He was known as a honest man and able He was known as a honest man and able caravan leadercaravan leader

• He married a wealthy widow named He married a wealthy widow named Khadija—she was much older than heKhadija—she was much older than he– He was 25, she was 40He was 25, she was 40

• His marriage to Khadija eliminated all of His marriage to Khadija eliminated all of Muhammad’s financial worriesMuhammad’s financial worries

• He devoted his time to reflecting on the He devoted his time to reflecting on the meaning of lifemeaning of life

• Muhammad spent a lot of time alone Muhammad spent a lot of time alone praying, fasting, and meditatingpraying, fasting, and meditating– He disliked the worship of idolsHe disliked the worship of idols– He disliked the immorality of city lifeHe disliked the immorality of city life

• AD 610—Muhammad had a series of AD 610—Muhammad had a series of revalationsrevalations– He heard a voice calling to him—the voice He heard a voice calling to him—the voice

was of Allah (God)was of Allah (God)

• Allah told Muhammad to “Recite!”Allah told Muhammad to “Recite!”

• Allah also told Muhammad to rise and Allah also told Muhammad to rise and warn the people about divine judgementwarn the people about divine judgement

• Muhammad had his doubts, but accepted Muhammad had his doubts, but accepted his missionhis mission

• AD 613—Muhammad began sharing his AD 613—Muhammad began sharing his ideas with his friends and familyideas with his friends and family

• He set out to preach his message to the He set out to preach his message to the people of Mecca (Makkah)people of Mecca (Makkah)– He told the people that Allah was the only true He told the people that Allah was the only true

GodGod– He warned the people of Mecca (Makkah) to He warned the people of Mecca (Makkah) to

live their lives in preparation for judgementlive their lives in preparation for judgement

• Most of the early converts came from Most of the early converts came from Mecca’s (Makkah’s) poorMecca’s (Makkah’s) poor

• The majority of the people in Mecca The majority of the people in Mecca (Makkah) rejected Muhammad’s message(Makkah) rejected Muhammad’s message– The wealthy merchants feared monotheism The wealthy merchants feared monotheism

would stop people from coming to Mecca would stop people from coming to Mecca (Makkah) and threaten the merchants’ profits(Makkah) and threaten the merchants’ profits

• Mecca’s (Makkah’s) merchants began to Mecca’s (Makkah’s) merchants began to persecute Muhammad and the Muslimspersecute Muhammad and the Muslims

• Muhammad continued to preach in Mecca Muhammad continued to preach in Mecca (Makkah) until threats were made on his (Makkah) until threats were made on his lifelife

• He found solace in the city of YathribHe found solace in the city of Yathrib• AD 622—Muhammad sent 60 Muslim AD 622—Muhammad sent 60 Muslim

families out of Mecca (Makkah) to Yathribfamilies out of Mecca (Makkah) to Yathrib—called the —called the HijrahHijrah

• 622 marks the beginning of the Muslim 622 marks the beginning of the Muslim calendarcalendar

• The people of Yathrib accepted The people of Yathrib accepted Muhammad as the messenger of God and Muhammad as the messenger of God and ruler of their cityruler of their city

• The city’s name was changed to The city’s name was changed to MadinahMadinah

• AD 624—Muhammad created the AD 624—Muhammad created the Madinah CompactMadinah Compact– The law decreed that all Muslims should place The law decreed that all Muslims should place

loyalty to the Islamic community over the tribeloyalty to the Islamic community over the tribe– This was an attempt to end the blood feudsThis was an attempt to end the blood feuds– Jews and Christians were protected as long Jews and Christians were protected as long

as they accepted the political authority of the as they accepted the political authority of the Islamic communityIslamic community

• The Madinah Compact showed that The Madinah Compact showed that Muhammad was a political organizer and Muhammad was a political organizer and wise decision makerwise decision maker

• The Madinah Compact created an Islamic The Madinah Compact created an Islamic state and culturestate and culture

• Mecca (Makkah) tried to invade Madinah, Mecca (Makkah) tried to invade Madinah, but failed to take the citybut failed to take the city

• AD 630—Muhammad returned to Mecca AD 630—Muhammad returned to Mecca (Makkah) with is message—actually, it (Makkah) with is message—actually, it was a military invasionwas a military invasion– This time, he faced little oppositionThis time, he faced little opposition

• Mecca’s (Makkah’s) people accepted Mecca’s (Makkah’s) people accepted Islam and acknowledged Muhammad as Islam and acknowledged Muhammad as Allah’s prophetAllah’s prophet

• Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and turned the shrine into a place Kaaba and turned the shrine into a place of worship for Muslim pilgrimsof worship for Muslim pilgrims

• Muhammad’s preaching began reaching Muhammad’s preaching began reaching into other parts of Arabiainto other parts of Arabia

• By 631—he had gained the following of By 631—he had gained the following of the entire peninsulathe entire peninsula

• AD 632—Muhammad diedAD 632—Muhammad died

• He left behind 2 major achievementsHe left behind 2 major achievements– A new monotheistic religion—IslamA new monotheistic religion—Islam– A well organized political communityA well organized political community

• Muslim beliefs and practicesMuslim beliefs and practices• The Quran (Koran) is the Muslim holy The Quran (Koran) is the Muslim holy

bookbook• The Quran was created after The Quran was created after

Muhammad’s deathMuhammad’s death• The holy book houses the many The holy book houses the many

conversations between Muhammad and conversations between Muhammad and the angel Gabrielthe angel Gabriel

• The word Quran means “recital”The word Quran means “recital”

• The Quran is believed to contain God’s The Quran is believed to contain God’s message as revealed to the prophet message as revealed to the prophet MuhammadMuhammad

• The Quran has many stories, similar to the The Quran has many stories, similar to the BibleBible– Noah’s ArkNoah’s Ark– Jonah and the whaleJonah and the whale

• The Quran present The Quran present the basic moral the basic moral values of Islamvalues of Islam– Muslims must honor Muslims must honor

their parentstheir parents– Show kindness to Show kindness to

neighborsneighbors– Protect orphans and Protect orphans and

widowswidows

– Give generously to the poor

– Murder, stealing, and lying, and adultery are condemned

– Gambling, the eating of pork, and the drinking of alcohol are prohibited

– The Quran also has rules for divorce & marriage

• The Quran also presents the The Quran also presents the Five PillarsFive Pillars ofof IslamIslam—the five essential duties of all —the five essential duties of all MuslimsMuslims– FaithFaith– PrayerPrayer– FastingFasting– The giving of almsThe giving of alms– PilgrimagePilgrimage

• 1.) 1.) FaithFaith

• the belief in Allah—the one true, merciful the belief in Allah—the one true, merciful GodGod

• 2.) 2.) PrayerPrayer

• Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca—sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, Mecca—sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening and evening

• 3.) 3.) FastingFasting

• Occurs during the month of Ramadan—Occurs during the month of Ramadan—the 9the 9thth month in the Muslim calendar month in the Muslim calendar

• Muslims must not eat or drink from sunrise Muslims must not eat or drink from sunrise to sunsetto sunset

• 4.) 4.) Alms givingAlms giving

• CharityCharity

• Wealth should be used to assist the poor Wealth should be used to assist the poor and weakand weak

• Practiced privately through contributions or Practiced privately through contributions or through a state taxthrough a state tax

• 5.) 5.) PilgrimagePilgrimage

• Every Muslim is to make a trip to Mecca Every Muslim is to make a trip to Mecca before they diebefore they die

• The trip is called a The trip is called a hajjhajj

Spread of Islam

• When Muhammad died, he left no When Muhammad died, he left no instructions on who would succeed him as instructions on who would succeed him as leader of Islamleader of Islam

• The Muslims knew no one could replace The Muslims knew no one could replace Muhammad as a messenger to GodMuhammad as a messenger to God

• Muhammad’s replacement would be a Muhammad’s replacement would be a political leader over the Islamic statepolitical leader over the Islamic state

• Muhammad’s successors would be known Muhammad’s successors would be known as as caliphscaliphs (“successors”) (“successors”)

• The caliphs were successors as political The caliphs were successors as political leaders, not as prophetsleaders, not as prophets

• The 1The 1stst 4 caliphs were called the 4 caliphs were called the Rightly Rightly Guided CaliphsGuided Caliphs– The Rightly Guided Caliphs were friends or The Rightly Guided Caliphs were friends or

relatives of Muhammadrelatives of Muhammad

• The 1The 1stst Rightly Guided Caliph— Rightly Guided Caliph—AbuAbu BakrBakr– Muhammad’s father-in-law and close friendMuhammad’s father-in-law and close friend

• The last Rightly Guided Caliph—The last Rightly Guided Caliph—AliAli– Muhammad’s son-in-lawMuhammad’s son-in-law

• The Rightly Guided Caliphs followed The Rightly Guided Caliphs followed Muhammad’s example and kept in close Muhammad’s example and kept in close contact with the peoplecontact with the people

• The Rightly Guided Caliphs wanted to The Rightly Guided Caliphs wanted to protect and spread Islamprotect and spread Islam

• They used military expeditions to spread They used military expeditions to spread Islam beyond the Arabian PeninsulaIslam beyond the Arabian Peninsula

• Arab armies swept forth against the Arab armies swept forth against the weakened Byzantine and Persian empiresweakened Byzantine and Persian empires

• By 650—the Muslims had taken Palestine, By 650—the Muslims had taken Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, and EgyptSyria, Iraq, Persia, and Egypt

Division within Islam

• Rival groups were fighting for control over Rival groups were fighting for control over the caliphate (seat of the caliph)the caliphate (seat of the caliph)

• The struggle began under the reign of the The struggle began under the reign of the 44thth caliph—Ali—in 656 caliph—Ali—in 656

• One of Ali’s most powerful rivals was One of Ali’s most powerful rivals was Mu’awiyahMu’awiyah—the governor of Syria—the governor of Syria

• Mu’awiyah was also the nephew of the 3Mu’awiyah was also the nephew of the 3rdrd Caliph who had been murderedCaliph who had been murdered

• Mu’awiyah accused Ali’s followers of the Mu’awiyah accused Ali’s followers of the killing of his unclekilling of his uncle

• Ali tried to depose Mu’awiyah, but Ali tried to depose Mu’awiyah, but Mu’awiyah refused to step downMu’awiyah refused to step down

• Mu’awiyah quickly took over Egypt and Mu’awiyah quickly took over Egypt and parts of Iraqparts of Iraq

• 661—Ali was murdered661—Ali was murdered– Ali’s oldest son turned down the caliphateAli’s oldest son turned down the caliphate

• Mu’awiyah made himself caliph and Mu’awiyah made himself caliph and established the established the Umayyad DynastyUmayyad Dynasty

• Ali’s followers—known as Ali’s followers—known as ShiitesShiites—never —never accepted Mu’awiyah as the new caliphaccepted Mu’awiyah as the new caliph

• All of the violence led to a split in IslamAll of the violence led to a split in Islam– Shiites (Shi’a)Shiites (Shi’a)– SunniSunni

• Sunni MuslimsSunni Muslims• The majority of the The majority of the

world’s Muslimsworld’s Muslims• The caliph can be any The caliph can be any

devout Muslim who is devout Muslim who is accepted by the accepted by the peoplepeople

• Shiite (Shi’a) Islam• Live mostly in Iraq

and Iran• The caliph should be

a descendant of Muhammad

Umayyad Dynasty

• The Umayyad Dynasty ruled over the The Umayyad Dynasty ruled over the Islamic State from 661 to 750Islamic State from 661 to 750

• The Umayyads moved the capital from The Umayyads moved the capital from Madinah to Damscus, SyriaMadinah to Damscus, Syria

• Umayyad warriors carried Islam into India Umayyad warriors carried Islam into India and China, parts of North Africa, into and China, parts of North Africa, into Spain, and southern areas of Christian Spain, and southern areas of Christian EuropeEurope

Umayyad Dynasty

• By 716—the Muslims controlled nearly all By 716—the Muslims controlled nearly all of Spainof Spain

• The Muslims pushed halfway into France The Muslims pushed halfway into France before they were stopped at the before they were stopped at the Battle ofBattle of ToursTours in 732 in 732

• The Battle of Tours halted the spread of The Battle of Tours halted the spread of Islam into Western EuropeIslam into Western Europe

Umayyad Dynasty

• The Umayyads built a very powerful The Umayyads built a very powerful Islamic StateIslamic State

• The Umayyad united the lands they ruledThe Umayyad united the lands they ruled• Used a civil service systemUsed a civil service system• They improved conditions for Jews and They improved conditions for Jews and

Christian under their ruleChristian under their rule• The Jews and Christians were tolerated as The Jews and Christians were tolerated as

long as they paid a tax to the Umayyad long as they paid a tax to the Umayyad leadersleaders

Umayyad Dynasty

• Non-Arab Muslims disliked Umayyad ruleNon-Arab Muslims disliked Umayyad rule– The non-Arab Muslims paid higher taxes, The non-Arab Muslims paid higher taxes,

received lower wages, and were discriminated received lower wages, and were discriminated againstagainst

• 747—non-Arab Muslims joined with anti-747—non-Arab Muslims joined with anti-Umayyad ArabsUmayyad Arabs– They built an army and overthrew the They built an army and overthrew the

Umayyad dynastyUmayyad dynasty

Abbasid Dynasty

• A new caliph was put in place—A new caliph was put in place—Abu’l-’AbbasAbu’l-’Abbas

• Abu’l-’Abbas established the Abbasid Abu’l-’Abbas established the Abbasid DynastyDynasty

• He built a new capital in Baghdad—along He built a new capital in Baghdad—along the Tigris Riverthe Tigris River

• The Abbasids ruled the Islamic state from The Abbasids ruled the Islamic state from 750 to 1258750 to 1258

Abbasid Dynasty

• Under the Abbasids, the lands the Under the Abbasids, the lands the Umayyads conquered slowly slipped awayUmayyads conquered slowly slipped away

• By the 1000s, the Abbasids ruled little By the 1000s, the Abbasids ruled little more than the city of Baghdadmore than the city of Baghdad

• 1055—Baghdad was captured by the 1055—Baghdad was captured by the Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks

• 1100s—Christian soldiers (crusaders) 1100s—Christian soldiers (crusaders) from western Europe were in a Holy War from western Europe were in a Holy War against Islamagainst Islam

Abbasid Dynasty

• 1258—the Mongols from Asia invaded 1258—the Mongols from Asia invaded BaghdadBaghdad

• The Mongols ended the Abbasid DynastyThe Mongols ended the Abbasid Dynasty

Islamic Civilization and Culture

• Family LifeFamily Life

• The Quran told Muslims that “men are The Quran told Muslims that “men are responsible for women”responsible for women”

• Women were considered wives, mothers, Women were considered wives, mothers, daughters, or sisters to the male family daughters, or sisters to the male family membersmembers



• Women’s standing in society did improve Women’s standing in society did improve somesome– The tribal custom of killing daughters was The tribal custom of killing daughters was

endedended– Women could control their own propertyWomen could control their own property– Many women learned to read and writeMany women learned to read and write



• Women were expected to stay at home Women were expected to stay at home and care for the houseand care for the house

• Women did not go into public except to go Women did not go into public except to go shopping and to the mosqueshopping and to the mosque

• Girls usually married youngGirls usually married young



• Islamic society was a man’s worldIslamic society was a man’s world

• Men could have up to 4 wivesMen could have up to 4 wives– The wives were to be treated equallyThe wives were to be treated equally

• Muslim men worked in business or on Muslim men worked in business or on farmsfarms

• Men went to public baths and meeting Men went to public baths and meeting places to talk for leisureplaces to talk for leisure


• EducationEducation• Muslim boys at age 7 entered Mosque schoolsMuslim boys at age 7 entered Mosque schools• The schools cost very little and were open to all The schools cost very little and were open to all

boysboys• Muslims valued the ability to speak and write Muslims valued the ability to speak and write

Arabic fluentlyArabic fluently• Wealthy young men continued their education at Wealthy young men continued their education at

Madrasas—Madrasas—theological schoolstheological schools


• Urban CentersUrban Centers• City homes were designed for privacy and City homes were designed for privacy and

to keep the people cool in the extreme to keep the people cool in the extreme heatheat

• The main government, religious, and The main government, religious, and business buildings were located in the business buildings were located in the center of the citycenter of the city

• The city skyline was dominated by the The city skyline was dominated by the silhouettes of the mosquessilhouettes of the mosques


• Urban CentersUrban Centers

• Muslim mosques had slender towers—Muslim mosques had slender towers—minaretsminarets

• Mosques contained schools and shelters Mosques contained schools and shelters for the Muslim peoplefor the Muslim people


• Urban CentersUrban Centers

• Muslim merchants dominated trade in the Muslim merchants dominated trade in the Middle East and North Africa until the Middle East and North Africa until the 1400s1400s

• Goods were traded in the city bazaars and Goods were traded in the city bazaars and marketsmarkets


• Rural AreasRural Areas• Growing food for the Islamic state was very Growing food for the Islamic state was very

difficultdifficult– The climate was dryThe climate was dry– Water was scarceWater was scarce

• Farmers made good use of the few areas that Farmers made good use of the few areas that would sustain cropswould sustain crops

• Farmers used many methods to produce Farmers used many methods to produce surplusessurpluses– IrrigationIrrigation– Crop rotationCrop rotation– fertilizationfertilization

Islamic Achievements

• House of WisdomHouse of Wisdom

• Founded by the Abbasid caliph—Ma’munFounded by the Abbasid caliph—Ma’mun

• Founded in Baghdad in AD 830Founded in Baghdad in AD 830

• It was a research center and libraryIt was a research center and library

• Scientific experiments were conducted at Scientific experiments were conducted at the House of Wisdomthe House of Wisdom

• Greek, Persian, and Indian texts were Greek, Persian, and Indian texts were translated into Arabictranslated into Arabic


• MathematicsMathematics

• Muslim mathematicians adopted the Muslim mathematicians adopted the Indians numbers and the zero, calling the Indians numbers and the zero, calling the numbers Arabic numeralsnumbers Arabic numerals

• Muslim mathematicians invented AlgebraMuslim mathematicians invented Algebra

• Muslim mathematicians spent hours Muslim mathematicians spent hours solving complicated mathematical puzzlessolving complicated mathematical puzzles


• Astronomy and GeographyAstronomy and Geography

• Muslim astronomers made mathematical Muslim astronomers made mathematical models of the universemodels of the universe

• They described eclipses of the sun and They described eclipses of the sun and moonmoon

• They also proved the moon had an effect They also proved the moon had an effect on the oceanon the ocean


• Astronomy and GeographyAstronomy and Geography

• Muslim astronomers improved the Muslim astronomers improved the astrolabe—used to help navigateastrolabe—used to help navigate

• Astronomers measured the size and Astronomers measured the size and circumference of the earthcircumference of the earth

• By the 1100s—Muslim geographers had By the 1100s—Muslim geographers had determined the basic outlines of Asia, determined the basic outlines of Asia, Europe, and North AfricaEurope, and North Africa


• Chemistry and MedicineChemistry and Medicine• Al-Razi was a Muslim scientist who classified Al-Razi was a Muslim scientist who classified

chemical substances as either animal, mineral, chemical substances as either animal, mineral, or vegetableor vegetable

• Al-Razi also wrote an encyclopedia devoted to Al-Razi also wrote an encyclopedia devoted to medicine which described different diseasesmedicine which described different diseases

• Doctor Ibn Sina wrote the Doctor Ibn Sina wrote the Canon of MedicineCanon of Medicine outlining all medical knowledge of the timeoutlining all medical knowledge of the time– The volume described the circulation of bloodThe volume described the circulation of blood– It offered diagnosis and treatment for many diseasesIt offered diagnosis and treatment for many diseases


• Chemistry and MedicineChemistry and Medicine

• Muslim physicians created the science of Muslim physicians created the science of optics—study of sightoptics—study of sight

• Muslim medicine was centuries ahead of Muslim medicine was centuries ahead of western medicinewestern medicine


• Art and ArchitectureArt and Architecture• Muslim religion would not allow images of Muslim religion would not allow images of

creatures or humans to be displayed on or in the creatures or humans to be displayed on or in the mosquesmosques

• Muslim artists used Arabic script to decorate the Muslim artists used Arabic script to decorate the mosquesmosques

• The calligraphy would be accompanied by The calligraphy would be accompanied by geometric designs entwined with leaves, stems, geometric designs entwined with leaves, stems, and flowersand flowers

• These type of decorations are called arabesques These type of decorations are called arabesques


• LiteratureLiterature

• The Quran set the standard by which other The Quran set the standard by which other Arabic literature would be judgedArabic literature would be judged

• Kalila and DimnaKalila and Dimna—a collection of animal —a collection of animal fables that taught moral lessonsfables that taught moral lessons

• Arabian NightsArabian Nights


• Philosophy and HistoryPhilosophy and History

• Muslim philosophers tried to create Muslim philosophers tried to create systems of thought that would reconcile systems of thought that would reconcile the teachings of the Quran with Greek the teachings of the Quran with Greek philosophyphilosophy

• Islamic historians wrote chronicles of Islamic historians wrote chronicles of history and later organized history around history and later organized history around the lives of their rulersthe lives of their rulers

development of islam chris anderson randolph-henry high school

Documents

survival slide

culture slide

idol worshipping arabs

new religionsthese arabs

smany tribes

important trading city

retaliationan eye

idea of monotheism