development of vehicle oriented black box system … of vehicle oriented black box system based on...

Journal of Engineering Education Research Vol.13, No.5, Special Edition 2010.11

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Development of Vehicle Oriented Black Box System Based on U-Healthcare and Human-Free Guard Functions

Dong Myung Lee†

Dept. of Computer Engineering, Tongmyong University

AbstractThe vehicle oriented block box system based on the u-healthcare and the human-free guard functions is developed in

this paper. We also suggested the design philosophies, ideas, and analyzed the performance of the suggested system. Thedeveloped vehicle oriented black box system has some characteristics such as; 1) detects the dangerous situation by ultrasonic sensor in advance, and stores the situation information of the neighborhood of the vehicle to the imbedded SDmemory card if the dangerous situation may be occurred in the parked vehicle; 2) detects the present location and speedinformation of the vehicle by GPS receiver and 3-axes acceleration sensor, and stores the information to the SD memory card periodically if the vehicle is running; 3) measures the dioxide carbon in the vehicle inside using CO2 sensor, and forcesthe ventilation motor of the vehicle to operate and maintains the driver's health if the measured level is more than standardhealth requirements; 4) provides the stored vehicle's operating information to the driver by GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch LCD monitor.

Keywords: Black Box, GPS, Ultrasonic Sensor, U-Healthcare, MCU

Received : December 4, 2009Revised : October 29, 2010Accepted : November 5, 2010† Corresponding author: Dong Myung Lee, [email protected]

Ⅰ. Introduction

According to the rapid popularization of vehicle industry, the vehicle is one of the most friendly necessaries for everyone in the world, But various accidents by vehicles are now increased and it is a great threat for many people.

The damaged region from vehicle crashes is gene-rally occurred to all the side of the vehicle. Therefore it is important to observe the vehicle to be parked or stopped because the vehicles shall be theft or damaged. By the vehicle accident, people maybe died from suffocation by CO2 due to air pollution in the vehicle. The accident by suffocation is caused by a lack of ventilation and CO2 is rapidly increased and it injured human health.

In this paper, the vehicle black box system is developed and the performance of the system is ana-lyzed. The major functions of the suggested system

are human-free guard function that observes the vehicle and the u-healthcare function. [1]-[2]

Ⅱ. System Design

1. Human-free guard function design

The human-free guard function is designed to implement by the front and the devices. The design concept of the function is described and shown to the [Fig. 1]. Because the front of vehicle is more im-portant than the side and rear of vehicle, the front camera (①) is always running and collects the visual information by ultrasonic sensor (⑤) connected to the vehicle. The side rear camera (②) is mounted on the STEP motor and interworked with ultrasonic sensors in the side of vehicle (④, ⑦) and in the rear of vehicle.(⑥)

The side rear camera (②) collects visual infor-mation from side and rear of the vehicle. The side rear camera (②) is rotated to control the STEP motor according to rotate camera direction (③). The highest priority is assigned to the direction of the nearest distance between the detected object from ultrasonic


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sensors (④, ⑥, ⑦) to the vehicle. The collected data is stored in the SD memory card periodically.

If the human-free guard function detects a vehicle accident information from the 3-axes acceleration sensor, the visual information is stored from the front and side rear of the vehicle.[3]

2. U-Healthcare function design

The design concept of the u-healthcare function is described and shown to the [Fig. 2]. The CO2 sensor (①) measures the vehicle inside CO2 concentration, and the measured data is displayed on the touch LCD panel. If the measured CO2 concentration is more than the standard level CO2 concentration, then alarm is sounded (③) and air circulation and ventilation (②) in the vehicle inside are operated instantly. [4] -[5]

[Fig. 1] Human-free Guard Function.

[Fig. 2] U-healthcare function.

3. Location service function design

The localization service function of the suggested system is designed to execute using GPRMC (Re-commended Minimum Specific GNSS Data) by satellite information which is received from GPS (Global Positioning System) module. The GPRMC is displayed on the touched LCD panel as shown to [Fig. 3].

The driving and location information of the vehicle is stored to the SD memory card. The function is designed for users to operate following procedures : 1) opening of the data files; 2) starting of data analysis; 3) Stopping of data analysis and restart; 4) input of the coordinate data.

[Fig. 3] Touched LCD panel for localization service function concept.

Ⅲ. System Implementation

The ultrasonic sensors are equipped in front side and rear side locations of the vehicle. The fixed camera and STEP motor of the camera are equipped to the front of inside back mirror of the vehicle.

The suggested system is implemented using two PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) and lunched to middle of the vehicle. All of the modules such that MCU, GPS, ultrasonic sensors, 3-axes acceleration sensor, CO2 sensor, touch LCD, text LCD, speaker, Zigbee module and SD memory module are integrated into

[Fig. 4] Implemented black box system(front side).


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[Fig. 5] Implemented black box system(rear side).

the PCBs. The front and rear side of the implemen-ted black box system are shown to [Fig. 4] and [Fig. 5] respectively.

Ⅳ. Experimentation and Result Analysis

1. Experimental environments

The performance experimentation are attempted to three times by driving a vehicle car and a simulation R/C (Radio Control) car as shown to [Fig. 6a] and [Fig. 6b] at the parking lots in the Tongmyong Uni-versity. The CO2 occurrences density value, acceleration value and the GPS value are measured in the vehicle, and the rotation time of the STEP motor is also measured in a simulation R/C car.

2. Results analysis

a. CO2 Density Detection CapacityIt is inferred that the CO2 density in the vehicle

inside is reached to over 5,000 ppm from 500 ppm in the case that the driving time is over 25 minutes under the closed inside condition in the vehicle as shown to [Fig. 7], and it is very dangerous situation. The general symptoms affects to the human body according to CO2 density are shown to <Table 1>.

b. Object Detection CapacityThe object detection time by the ultrasonic sensor

and the rotation time of the STEP motor to be rotated to 90 degrees are measured about 0.5 seconds all the time.

The range of object detection in the developed black

[Fig. 6a] Simulation R/C car (side view).

[Fig. 6b] Simulation R/C car (diagonal view).

[Fig. 7] CO2 Density measurements in implemented black box system.

<Table 1> Symptoms affects to human body CO2 Density (ppm) Conditions or Symptoms

400 (0.04%) Normal Condition

1,000 (0.1%) Normal Condition

2,000 (0.2%) Degradation of Concentration Capability Occurrence of Drowsiness

5,000 (0.5%) Increase of Pulse or Breathing

10,000 (1%) Peak of Pulse or Breathing Geadache or Whirl of the Brain

(Source) Hana Engineering (www.hana-eng.com/monitor/monitor00.asp)


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box system by the ultra sonic sensor is experimented and shown to [Fig. 8].

It is confirmed that the object detection of maxi-mum 2 m distances ranging in 900 degrees. Though the object detection of toward diagonal line directions in the left and right of each front and rear sides of the small-grade vehicles is impossible due to the excess of the maximum detection range, it is well operated in all sides of the above middle-grade vehicles due to the easy assurance of the object detection views.

The volume of the impact measured by using the 3-axes acceleration sensor when the constant impact is added to the vehicle is shown to [Fig. 9].

[Fig. 8] Direction of object detection using ultra sensor in implemented black box system.

[Fig. 9] Impact volume by 3-axes acceleration sensor.

It indicates that the volume is measured to about 100 in X and Y axes in the 3-axes acceleration when

the impact is added to the simulation R/C car located in stop and parking line. The implemented black box system stores the image data from camera to the SD memory card if the volume of the impact is over 100.

Ⅴ. Conclusions

In this paper, we suggested the vehicle black box system based on the u-healthcare and the human-free guard functions. The u-healthcare function informs to the drivers if CO2 density is above 2,000ppm or not, and the function alarms emergency signal, and operates a ventilation motor in case of over 5,000ppm. The develop u-healthcare function prevents doze off and accident from suffocation.

The human-free guard function also provides better quality than present commercial black boxes. The study of the vehicle dedicated battery is strongly required for the black box to operate stably and continually even though the fault is occurred in vehicle and the starting engine is impossible.

We would like to survey and suggest the practical applications to introduce the black box markets. In addition to this, we have a plan to develop the integrated black box system that is connected to wireless network, and the collected information from the vehicle is stored into the server system through the wireless network.

Acknowledgements

The additional experimentation for preparing this paper is supported by Mr. Soon-Gon Hwang, Mr. Min-Woo Nam and Mr. Hee-Gi Ahn (Bachelor degree students in department of computer engineering of the Tongmyong University), and I would like to give my thanks to them sincerely.

References

Dae Geun Lee et. al. (2007), “System on Chip design of Embedded Controller for Car Black Box,” Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Istanbul, Turkey, 2007.

Abdallah Kassem et. al. (2008), “Vehicle Black Box System,” SysCon2008 IEEE International Systems Conference,


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Montreal Canada, 2008.Alberto Broggi, et al. (2008), “The Passive Sensing Suite of

the TerraMax Autonomous Vehicle,” IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, p.770, 4~6. June 2008.

Cho, Yong-Sung, et al. (2005), “A Survey of the Optimal Ventilation Rate and the Permissible CO2 Concentration in the Saloon,” Journal of the Korean society for railway, Vol. 8, No. 6, The Korean society for railway, pp.20~25, November 2005.

Soon-Gon Hwang, Min-Woo Nam, Hee-Gi Ahn, Dong Myung Lee (2009), “Development of Vehicle Oriented Black Box System Having U-Healthcare and Human-Free Guard Functions,” Proceedings of Asian Conference on Engineering Education 2009 (ACEE 2009), Korea Maritime University, pp.198-199, 29 October 2009.

The Author

Dong Myung LeeFeb. 1982. : Dept. of Computer Science in Soongsil University (B.S)Aug. 1990. : Dept. of Computer Science in Soongsil University (M.S)Aug. 1997. : Dept. of Computer Science in Soongsil University (Ph.D)Mar. 1982. ~ Feb. 2000. : Principle Researcher

in Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Mar. 2000. ~ Present : Professor in Dept. of Computer Engineering in Tongmyong UniversityResearch Fields : Capstone Design in Engineering Education Accreditation, Wireless Communication System, Sensor Network, Intelligent RobotsPhone : (051)629-1176Fax : (051)629-1169E-mail : [email protected]

development of vehicle oriented black box system … of vehicle oriented black box system based on...

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