devian behavior

7/23/2019 devian behavior

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Copyright Allyn & Bacon

Deviant BehaviorDeviant Behavior10e10e

Deviant BehaviorDeviant Behavior10e10e

Chapter One:Chapter One:

Perspectives and Theories

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Alex ThioAlex Thio

Alex ThioAlex Thio


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Conlicting DeinitionsConlicting Deinitions

!ociologists have a proposed variety!ociologists have a proposed variety

o deinitions oro deinitions or deviant behaviordeviant behavior

"iolation o any social r#le"iolation o any social r#le $#st provo%e disapproval anger or$#st provo%e disapproval anger or

indignationindignation

Physical or 'ental disa(ilityPhysical or 'ental disa(ility Positive deviance ) geni#ses saintsPositive deviance ) geni#ses saints

creative artists and gla'oro#s cele(ritiescreative artists and gla'oro#s cele(rities


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Conlicting Deinitions ) cont*Conlicting Deinitions ) cont*

!o'e say deviance is real in and o!o'e say deviance is real in and o

itselitsel

Others point o#t that so'e are alselyOthers point o#t that so'e are alsely

acc#sed or 'isdiagnosed as deviantacc#sed or 'isdiagnosed as deviant

Deviance is less a #nction o act andDeviance is less a #nction o act and'ore a #nction o (eing la(eled as'ore a #nction o (eing la(eled as

deviant +deviant +labeling theory)labeling theory)


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Conlicting Deinitions ) cont*Conlicting Deinitions ) cont* Others point to role o po,er inOthers point to role o po,er in

deining deviance detection odeining deviance detection o

deviance and s#ccess#l (eingdeviance and s#ccess#l (eing

la(eled deviantla(eled deviantPo,er#l people la(el othersPo,er#l people la(el others

partic#larly the poor and po,erless aspartic#larly the poor and po,erless asdeviantdeviant

Those in po,er 'a%e social r#lesThose in po,er 'a%e social r#les


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Conlicting Deinitions ) cont*Conlicting Deinitions ) cont*

Positivistic perspective:Positivistic perspective: associated ,ithassociated ,ith

physical sciences- deviance is intrinsicallyphysical sciences- deviance is intrinsically

+a(sol#tely. real+a(sol#tely. real Constructionist perspective:Constructionist perspective:ro' arts andro' arts and

philosophy- deviance is i'p#ted +createdphilosophy- deviance is i'p#ted +created

and assigned 'eaning. (y society to so'eand assigned 'eaning. (y society to so'e(ehavior or set o (ehaviors and /#alities(ehavior or set o (ehaviors and /#alities


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The Positivist PerspectiveThe Positivist Perspective

Ass#'es deviance is a(sol#te orAss#'es deviance is a(sol#te orintrinsically realintrinsically real (absolutism),(absolutism),an o(ectivean o(ective

act and deter'ined (ehavioract and deter'ined (ehavior ea%nesses:ea%nesses:

ail#re to discover (io or psych traits thatail#re to discover (io or psych traits thatdisting#ish cri'inals ro' non3cri'inalsdisting#ish cri'inals ro' non3cri'inals

Does not recogni4e changing and relativeDoes not recogni4e changing and relativenat#re o cri'inal stat#sesnat#re o cri'inal stat#ses


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The Positivist Perspective ) cont*The Positivist Perspective ) cont*

Today positivists recogni4e socialToday positivists recogni4e socialactors as deter'ining cri'inal stat#sactors as deter'ining cri'inal stat#s

and changes in stat#s across ti'eand changes in stat#s across ti'espace and c#lt#respace and c#lt#re

5'phasi4e o(ectivity o deviance5'phasi4e o(ectivity o deviance

Ass#'e that deviance has intrinsicAss#'e that deviance has intrinsiccharacteristics that h#rt 'e'(ers ocharacteristics that h#rt 'e'(ers osocietysociety


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Deviance isDeviance is observable objectobservable object has haso(ective nat#re that can (e st#died*o(ective nat#re that can (e st#died*

Positive sociologists #sed to (elieve theyPositive sociologists #sed to (elieve theyco#ld st#dy h#'an (ehavior in sa'e ,ayco#ld st#dy h#'an (ehavior in sa'e ,ayas nat#ral scientists*as nat#ral scientists* Today they see s#(ects as h#'an (eings ,ithToday they see s#(ects as h#'an (eings ,ith

eelingseelings B#t they still see deviance as o(ective andB#t they still see deviance as o(ective and

see% ca#ses o deviant (ehavior*see% ca#ses o deviant (ehavior*


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Determined behaviorDetermined behavioris (elie thatis (elie thatdeviance is ca#sed (ydeviance is ca#sed (yenviron'ent +social and physical.environ'ent +social and physical.

6#'ans have so'e ree choice6#'ans have so'e ree choice

(#t are inl#enced (y social(#t are inl#enced (y socialenviron'ental eat#res s#ch asenviron'ental eat#res s#ch as(ro%en ho'es and social class(ro%en ho'es and social class


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The Positivist Perspective )The Positivist Perspective )

cont*cont*Positivist Perspective in !#':Positivist Perspective in !#':

The Positivist perspective on devianceThe Positivist perspective on deviance

consists o three (asic ass#'ptions:consists o three (asic ass#'ptions:

Deviance isDeviance is absolutelyabsolutelyreal +deviance hasreal +deviance has/#alities to set it apart ro' the conventional./#alities to set it apart ro' the conventional.

Deviance is anDeviance is an observable objectobservable object +a deviant+a deviant

person or act o deviance can (e o(served andperson or act o deviance can (e o(served and

st#died o(ectively.st#died o(ectively.

Deviance isDeviance is determineddetermined+(y orces (eyond the+(y orces (eyond the

individ#al.individ#al.


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The Constr#ctionist PerspectiveThe Constr#ctionist Perspective

5'erged in 1780s to challenge5'erged in 1780s to challenge

positivistic perspectivepositivistic perspectiveAss#'es deviance is a la(el aAss#'es deviance is a la(el a

s#(ective experience and as#(ective experience and a

vol#ntary actvol#ntary act


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The Constr#ctionist Perspective )The Constr#ctionist Perspective )

cont*cont* Deviance does not have intrinsic val#e (#tDeviance does not have intrinsic val#e (#t

rather co'es ro' people9s 'indsrather co'es ro' people9s 'inds

Act is deviant only (eca#se people thin% itAct is deviant only (eca#se people thin% itisis Police and others have role in la(elingPolice and others have role in la(eling

processprocess Acts can (e la(eled as deviant (y oneActs can (e la(eled as deviant (y one

gro#p and not (y anothergro#p and not (y another Deviance is in the eye o the (eholderDeviance is in the eye o the (eholder


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cont*cont* Deviant people are eeling thin%ing andDeviant people are eeling thin%ing and

relective s#(ects o ,orth and dignityrelective s#(ects o ,orth and dignity t is cr#cial to #nderstand ho, a deviantt is cr#cial to #nderstand ho, a deviant

sees hi';hersel and societysees hi';hersel and societyAvoids stats and s#race appearance-Avoids stats and s#race appearance-

ta%es s#(ective approach +see%s tota%es s#(ective approach +see%s to#nderstand lived experiences.#nderstand lived experiences.


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cont*cont* !ees deviance as a vol#ntary act!ees deviance as a vol#ntary act

(eca#se h#'ans have ree ,ill(eca#se h#'ans have ree ,ill !ee%s to analy4e ho, social!ee%s to analy4e ho, social

control agencies deine so'econtrol agencies deine so'e

people as deviant and carry o#tpeople as deviant and carry o#tsanctions against the'sanctions against the'


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An ntegrated "ie,An ntegrated "ie,

Both positivist and constr#ctionistBoth positivist and constr#ctionistperspectives are needed to deineperspectives are needed to deine

deviancedeviance Deviance is (oth real and a la(el and oneDeviance is (oth real and a la(el and one

cannot exist ,itho#t the othercannot exist ,itho#t the other TheThe PositivistPositivistperspective is 'ore relevantperspective is 'ore relevant

to serio#s deviance li%e '#rderto serio#s deviance li%e '#rder ConstructivistConstructivistvie,s are 'ore pertinent tovie,s are 'ore pertinent to

less serio#s devianceless serio#s deviance


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An ntegrated "ie, ) cont*An ntegrated "ie, ) cont*

Deviance is deined as any (ehaviorDeviance is deined as any (ehaviorconsidered deviant (y p#(licconsidered deviant (y p#(lic

consens#s +,hich 'ay range ro'consens#s +,hich 'ay range ro''axi'#' to 'ini'#'.'axi'#' to 'ini'#'.

Positivists st#dy higher3consens#sPositivists st#dy higher3consens#s

deviancedeviance Constr#ctionists st#dy lo,er3Constr#ctionists st#dy lo,er3consens#s devianceconsens#s deviance


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Deviance and Cri'eDeviance and Cri'e

Deviance diers ro' cri'e and cri'inologyDeviance diers ro' cri'e and cri'inology(eca#se:(eca#se:

1*1*

Cri'e al,ays involves (rea%ing a la, (#tCri'e al,ays involves (rea%ing a la, (#tdeviance 'ay notdeviance 'ay not

2*2* Cri'e is a violation o a or'al nor' ,hileCri'e is a violation o a or'al nor' ,hiledeviance is typically a violation o inor'aldeviance is typically a violation o inor'alnor'snor's

devian behavior

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