devops crash course terminology quick reference
TRANSCRIPT
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DevOps Crash Course Terminology Quick Reference
Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Accuracy Score Think machine learning measure for determining if predictions are accurate. Accuracy = (number of correct predictions)/(total number of predictions)
https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/accuracy https://towardsdatascience.com/metrics-to-evaluate-your-machine-learning-algorithm-f10ba6e38234
Agile Software development philosophy and practices carried out via various frameworks such as Scrum or Extreme Programming (XP) Think Iterative Development and Continuous Feedback “In software development, agile (sometimes written Agile) practices involve discovering requirements and developing solutions through the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams and their customer(s)/end user(s). It advocates adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, and continual improvement, and it encourages flexible responses to change.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development https://www.atlassian.com/agile https://agilemanifesto.org/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Ansible® “Ansible is a radically simple IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs.” (ansible.com)
https://www.ansible.com/ https://www.ansible.com/overview/how-ansible-works
API (Application Programming Interface)
Think the way you can integrate applications together by writing code that communicates with the interface. “An API is a set of definitions and protocols for building and integrating application software.” (redhat.com)
https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-are-application-programming-interfaces https://www.mulesoft.com/resources/api/what-is-an-api https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-is-an-api-in-english-please-b880a3214a82/
API Key “[API keys are] sort of like passwords which let APIs confirm your identity. Once an API knows you’re legitimate, you can get through and use the API’s full set of features. Example of an API key: 1f9ba190-c513-471b-a573-b8d008bb52fe” (apipheny.io)
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/places/web-service/get-api-key https://cloud.google.com/endpoints/docs/openapi/when-why-api-key https://apipheny.io/what-is-an-api-key/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Artifacts In DevOps terminology this is a reference to a software artifact of some sort such as source code, binaries, or other documents. It has a very broad range of meaning and ca include numerous items that are considered “artifacts” depending on the technology or vendor. Typically the artifacts are stored in a repository that maintains a version of the artifacts. “A software build contains not only the developer’s code also includes a range of software artifacts. A DevOps artifact is a by-product produced during the software development process. It may consist of the project source code, dependencies, binaries or resources, and could be represented in different layout depending on the technology. Software artifacts are usually stored in a repository…so they can be retrieved on demand and shared across teams.” (jfrog.com)
https://jfrog.com/knowledge-base/what-is-a-software-artifact/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifact_(software_development)
AWS® (Amazon Web Services)
“Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200 fully featured services from data centers globally.” (amazon.com)
https://aws.amazon.com/ https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Azure DevOps “Azure DevOps is a language, platform and cloud provider agnostic DevOps toolchain and orchestration platform from Microsoft.” (devopsgropu.com)
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/user-guide/what-is-azure-devops?view=azure-devops https://www.devopsgroup.com/insights/resources/tutorials/all/what-is-azure-devops/
Batfish “An open source network configuration analysis tool. Batfish finds errors and guarantees the correctness of planned or current network configurations. It enables safe and rapid network evolution, without the fear of outages or security breaches.” (batfish.com)
https://www.batfish.org/ https://github.com/batfish/batfish
BitBucket® Atlassian’s version of Git “Bitbucket Cloud is a Git based code hosting and collaboration tool, built for teams.” (bitbucket.org)
https://bitbucket.org/product https://www.atlassian.com/software/bitbucket
Build Management “Build management is the process of collecting all of the assets to be included in a software release, performing all the automated tasks to compile, build and test the system and then deploy onto the development and testing environments in preparation for staging.” (inflectra.com)
https://www.gearstream.com/devops-build-management-2/ https://www.inflectra.com/spirateam/highlights/build-management.aspx
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
CD (Continuous Delivery)
Release Fast and Frequently (but not necessarily into production…cf. Continuous Deployment) “Continuous delivery (CD) is a software engineering approach in which teams produce software in short cycles, ensuring that the software can be reliably released at any time and, when releasing the software, without doing so manually.[1][2] It aims at building, testing, and releasing software with greater speed and frequency.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_delivery https://aws.amazon.com/devops/continuous-delivery/ https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment
CD (Continuous Deployment)
Deploy to production Fast and Frequently via Automation “Continuous deployment (CD) is a software engineering approach in which software functionalities are delivered frequently through automated deployments. CD contrasts with continuous delivery, a similar approach in which software functionalities are also frequently delivered and deemed to be potentially capable of being deployed but are actually not deployed.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_deployment https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/continuous-deployment
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Chaos Engineering Think intentionally cause random failure to see if the system is resilient. “Chaos engineering is the discipline of experimenting on a software system in production in order to build confidence in the system's capability to withstand turbulent and unexpected conditions.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_engineering https://principlesofchaos.org/ https://www.gremlin.com/community/tutorials/chaos-engineering-the-history-principles-and-practice/
Chaos Monkey Originally created by Netflix “Chaos Monkey is responsible for randomly terminating instances in production to ensure that engineers implement their services to be resilient to instance failures.” (github.io)
https://netflix.github.io/chaosmonkey/
Chef® “Chef is…a configuration management tool…used to streamline the task of configuring and maintaining a company's servers, and can integrate with cloud-based platforms…to automatically provision and configure new machines.” (Wikipedia)
https://www.chef.io/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_(software)
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
CI (Continuous Integration)
Merge Early, Merge Often “In software engineering, continuous integration (CI) is the practice of merging all developers' working copies to a shared mainline several times a day.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/continuous-integration
CI/CD Pipeline Continuous Integration + Continuous Delivery and/or + Continuous Deployment From Source to Production “In software engineering, CI/CD or CICD is the combined practices of continuous integration and either continuous delivery or continuous deployment.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CI/CD https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-cicd-pipeline https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/continuous-deployment
CircleCI® “CircleCI is a modern continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform…CircleCI automates build, test, and deployment of software.” (circleci.com)
https://circleci.com/ https://circleci.com/docs/enterprise/overview/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Configuration Management
Think keep the software configuration consistent in all environments. “In software development circles, configuration management refers to the process by which all environments hosting software are configured and maintained.” (browserstack.com) Note: “Configuration Management” means somewhat different things in DevOps vs. ITIL (though they may overlap in meaning a bit).
https://www.bmc.com/blogs/devops-configuration-management/ https://www.browserstack.com/guide/configuration-management-in-devops
Container Think entire application bundled up into a single, deployable virtual unit (container) so that you don’t have to run setup.exe. “A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.” (Docker.com)
https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
Think the style template for web pages – how they look and are formatted. “CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.” (w3schools.com)
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_intro.asp https://skillcrush.com/blog/css/
Data Set Think the collection (set) of data used in a ML to analyze and predict something. “A dataset in machine learning is, quite simply, a collection of data pieces that can be treated by a computer as a single unit for analytic and prediction purposes.” (labelyourdata.com)
https://labelyourdata.com/articles/what-is-dataset-in-machine-learning/ https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-data-set-for-your-machine-learning-project-5b3b871881ac
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Dataframe Think spreadsheet or SQL table. DataFrame is a Python data structure that is made possible/included in the Python pandas library. “DataFrame is a 2-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially different types. You can think of it like a spreadsheet or SQL table, or a dict of Series objects.
https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-pandas-dataframe/
DevOps Development + Operations “a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops). It aims to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. DevOps is complementary with Agile software development; several DevOps aspects came from the Agile methodology.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps https://aws.amazon.com/devops/what-is-devops/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
DevSecOps Development + Security + Operations “automates the integration of security at every phase of the software development lifecycle, from initial design through integration, testing, deployment, and software delivery.” (IBM)
https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/devsecops https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-devsecops
Docker® The most widely used containerization software. “Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly…Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely isolated environment called a container.” (Docker.com)
https://www.docker.com/ https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/
Docker® Hub The repository where you download pre-built Docker container images. “The world’s leading service for finding and sharing container images” (Docker.com)
https://www.docker.com/products/docker-hub
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Epic Think multiple user stories, large multi-sprint initiative. Think more like a project than an isolated task or effort. Think “big chuck o’ work.” Commonly used is the Scrum development methodology. “Large stories or multiple user stories that are very closely related are summarized as epics. A common explanation of epics is also: a user story that is too big for a [single] sprint.” (Wikipedia)
https://www.atlassian.com/agile/project-management/epics https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/epic/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_story
Flask Think quick way to build a web interface using Python “Flask is a web framework, it’s a Python module that lets you develop web applications easily.” (pythonbasics.org)
https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/ https://www.fullstackpython.com/flask.html https://pythonbasics.org/what-is-flask-python/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Git An open source distributed version control system. Think free code distributed (vs centralized) repository and code version management. “Git is the most commonly used version control system. Git tracks the changes you make to files, so you have a record of what has been done, and you can revert to specific versions should you ever need to. Git also makes collaboration easier, allowing changes by multiple people to all be merged into one source.” (nobledesktop.com)
https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-git https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-What-is-Git%3F https://www.nobledesktop.com/blog/what-is-git-and-why-should-you-use-it
GitHub A web site/cloud-based code management/repository that uses Git “At a high level, GitHub is a website and cloud-based service that helps developers store and manage their code, as well as track and control changes to their code.” (kinsta.com)
https://github.com/ https://kinsta.com/knowledgebase/what-is-github/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
GitLab Another web site/cloud-based code management/repository that uses Git “GitLab is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc.” (Wikipedia)
https://gitlab.com/ https://about.gitlab.com/what-is-gitlab/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitLab
Google Cloud “Google Cloud Platform (GCP), offered by Google, is a suite of cloud computing services that runs on the same infrastructure that Google uses internally for its end-user products, such as Google Search, Gmail, file storage, and YouTube. Alongside a set of management tools, it provides a series of modular cloud services including computing, data storage, data analytics and machine learning.” (Wikipedia)
https://cloud.google.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Groovy Think language used for CI/CD pipeline development. “Apache Groovy is a Java-syntax-compatible object-oriented programming language for the Java platform. It is both a static and dynamic language with features similar to those of Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk. It can be used as both a programming language and a scripting language for the Java Platform, is compiled to Java virtual machine (JVM) bytecode, and interoperates seamlessly with other Java code and libraries.” (Wikipedia)
https://groovy-lang.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Groovy
Gunicorn (Green Unicorn)
Think web application server for Python. “Gunicorn 'Green Unicorn' is a Python WSGI HTTP Server for UNIX. It's a pre-fork worker model. The Gunicorn server is broadly compatible with various web frameworks, simply implemented, light on server resources, and fairly speedy.” (gunicorn.org)
https://gunicorn.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunicorn
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Heroku Think a place to host web applications in the cloud without having to worry about building and maintain the underlying infrastructure. “Heroku is a container-based cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). Developers use Heroku to deploy, manage, and scale modern apps…Heroku is fully managed, giving developers the freedom to focus on their core product without the distraction of maintaining servers, hardware, or infrastructure.” (Heroku.com)
https://www.heroku.com/about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroku https://trifinlabs.com/what-is-heroku/
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
The basic syntax/language used to build a web page
https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp
Hyper-V Microsoft’s hypervisor for running virtual machines
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/hyper-v-technology-overview
Hypervisor Think OS that virtualizes hardware. “A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs). A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest VMs by virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing.” (vmware.com)
https://www.vmware.com/topics/glossary/content/hypervisor https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/virtualization/what-is-a-hypervisor
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Image (Docker® Container Image)
“A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings. Container images become containers at runtime and in the case of Docker containers - images become containers when they run on Docker Engine.” (Docker.com)
https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container
Infrastructure Management
Think managing the underlying IT components (infrastructure) that is needed to develop and deliver an application or IT service. “IT Infrastructure management includes the management of IT policies and processes, along with the equipment, data, human resources and external contacts (such as vendors or security organizations) needed to ensure that IT operations run smoothly and efficiently. IT Infrastructure management is sometimes divided into three components: systems management, storage management, and network management.” (sumologic.com)
https://www.sumologic.com/glossary/infrastructure-management/
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Issue (in Jira®) “In Jira, teams use issues to track individual pieces of work that must be completed. Depending on how your team uses Jira, an issue could represent a project task, a helpdesk ticket, a leave request form, etc. In Jira Software, issues typically represent things like big features, user requirements, and software bugs.” (Atlassian)
https://www.atlassian.com/agile/tutorials/issues
ITIL® Think IT Service Management practices. Currently in its fourth revision: ITIL® v4. (earlier editions were v1, v2, v3) “ITIL (formerly Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is a set of detailed practices for IT activities such as IT service management (ITSM) and IT asset management (ITAM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of business.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITIL https://www.cio.com/article/2439501/infrastructure-it-infrastructure-library-itil-definition-and-solutions.html https://www.axelos.com/best-practice-solutions/itil/what-is-itil
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
ITSM (IT Service Management)
Think manage IT as a service (or set of services). Example ITSM products: ServiceNow, Jira Service Management, Ivanti Service Management. “IT service management (ITSM) is a set of policies, processes and procedures for managing the implementation, improvement and support of customer-oriented IT services.” (CIO.com)
https://www.cio.com/article/3228122/what-is-itsm-managing-it-to-serve-business-needs.html https://www.axelos.com/best-practice-solutions/itil/what-is-it-service-management https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_service_management
JavaScript Scripting/Programming language used to create dynamic code on web pages. It is the scripting language (code) used in the vast majority of web pages as it is natively supported in all the major web browsers. It is also used in other ways for development of mobile applications and web application servers.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript https://www.hackreactor.com/blog/what-is-javascript-used-for
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Jenkins® “Jenkins® is an open source automation server. With Jenkins, organizations can accelerate the software development process by automating it. Jenkins manages and controls software delivery processes throughout the entire lifecycle, including build, document, test, package, stage, deployment, static code analysis and much more. You can set up Jenkins to watch for any code changes in places like GitHub, Bitbucket or GitLab and automatically do a build a with tools like Maven and Gradle. You can utilize container technology such as Docker and Kubernetes, initiate tests and then take actions like rolling back or rolling forward in production.” (cloudbees.com)
https://www.jenkins.io/ https://www.cloudbees.com/jenkins/what-is-jenkins
Kubernetes (K8s) Thinking managing and grouping containers. “Kubernetes, also known as K8s, is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It groups containers that make up an application into logical units for easy management and discovery.” (Kubernetes.io)
https://kubernetes.io/ https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/containers/what-is-kubernetes
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Linear Regression Think math algorithm used in machine learning to make predictions based on historical data. (cf. y=f(x)) “Linear regression is a linear model, e.g. a model that assumes a linear relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). More specifically, that y can be calculated from a linear combination of the input variables (x).” (machinelearningmastery.com)
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-linear-regression/ https://machinelearningmastery.com/linear-regression-for-machine-learning/
Matplotlib Thinking creating graphs with Python. “Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.” (matplotlib.org)
https://matplotlib.org/
ML (Machine Learning)
“Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.” (ibm.com)
https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/machine-learning https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/11/17/103781/what-is-machine-learning-we-drew-you-another-flowchart/ https://www.expert.ai/blog/machine-learning-definition/
ML Model Think an ML model is analogous to an application in ML. “An ML model is a mathematical model that generates predictions by finding patterns in your data.” (amazon.com)
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/latest/dg/machinelearning-dg.pdf https://towardsdatascience.com/all-machine-learning-models-explained-in-6-minutes-9fe30ff6776a
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
MLOps Think DevOps applied to Machine Learning. “MLOps is modeled on the existing discipline of DevOps, the modern practice of efficiently writing, deploying and running enterprise applications. DevOps got its start a decade ago as a way warring tribes of software developers (the Devs) and IT operations teams (the Ops) could collaborate. MLOps adds to the team the data scientists, who curate datasets and build AI models that analyze them. It also includes ML engineers, who run those datasets through the models in disciplined, automated ways.” (nvidia.com)
https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/09/03/what-is-mlops/ https://medium.com/@ODSC/what-are-mlops-and-why-does-it-matter-8cff060d4067
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
MongoDB “MongoDB is an open-source document-oriented database. It is used to store a larger [sic] amount of data and also allows you to work with that data. MongoDB is not based on the table-like relational database structure but provides an altogether different mechanism for storage and retrieval of data, that’s why [it is] known as [a] NoSQL database. Here, the term ‘NoSQL’ means ‘non-relational’. The format of storage is called BSON (similar to JSON format).” (geeksforgeeks.org)
https://www.mongodb.com/ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-mongodb-works/
NodeGoat “[The NodeGoat] project provides an environment to learn how OWASP Top 10 security risks apply to web applications developed using Node.js and how to effectively address them.” (owasp.org)
https://owasp.org/www-project-node.js-goat/ https://github.com/OWASP/NodeGoat
NPM (Node Package Manager)
“NPM is a package manager for Node.js packages, or modules if you like… The NPM program is installed on your computer when you install Node.js… A package in Node.js contains all the files you need for a module. Modules are JavaScript libraries you can include in your project.” (w3schools.com)
https://github.com/npm/ https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_npm.asp https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_npm.asp https://www.npmjs.com/
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NumPy Think Python library used to advance mathematics. “NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing in Python. It is a Python library that provides a multidimensional array object, various derived objects (such as masked arrays and matrices), and an assortment of routines for fast operations on arrays, including mathematical, logical, shape manipulation, sorting, selecting, I/O, discrete Fourier transforms, basic linear algebra, basic statistical operations, random simulation and much more.” (numpy.org)
https://numpy.org/ https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/whatisnumpy.html
O365 (Office 365) Think Microsoft Office products (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook) plus other Microsoft applications available via the cloud (web). It is now known as Microsoft 365. “Microsoft 365, formerly Office 365, is a line of subscription services offered by Microsoft which adds to and includes the Microsoft Office product line.” (Wikipedia)
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/what-is-microsoft-365 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_365
On-Premise Think software hosted at a company’s own facilities (vs. in the cloud).
https://www.cleo.com/blog/knowledge-base-on-premise-vs-cloud
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OpenShift® Think enterprise version of Kubernetes (as in not free but officially supported by Red Hat®) “Red Hat® OpenShift® is a hybrid cloud, enterprise Kubernetes application platform” (RedHat.com)
https://www.openshift.com/ https://www.openshift.com/learn/what-is-openshift
Pandas Think Python library for manipulating numerical tables and time series. “pandas is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series.” (Wikipedia)
https://pandas.pydata.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Pickle “Python pickle module is used for serializing and de-serializing python object structures. The process to converts any kind of python objects (list, dict, etc.) into byte streams (0s and 1s) is called pickling or serialization or flattening or marshalling. We can converts the byte stream (generated through pickling) back into python objects by a process called as unpickling.” (tutorialspoint.com) “The pickle module implements binary protocols for serializing and de-serializing a Python object structure. “Pickling” is the process whereby a Python object hierarchy is converted into a byte stream, and “unpickling” is the inverse operation, whereby a byte stream (from a binary file or bytes-like object) is converted back into an object hierarchy. Pickling (and unpickling) is alternatively known as “serialization”, “marshalling,” 1 or “flattening.” (python.org) File Extension = *.pkl
https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python-pickling
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PostgresSQL Think open source SQL database that can be used instead of Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). “PostgreSQL is an advanced, enterprise class open source relational database that supports both SQL (relational) and JSON (non-relational) querying.” (amazon.com)
https://www.postgresql.org/ https://aws.amazon.com/rds/postgresql/what-is-postgresql/
PowerShell Microsoft’s go-to scripting language for automation and administration of all things Microsoft. “PowerShell is a cross-platform task automation solution made up of a command-line shell, a scripting language, and a configuration management framework.” (Microsoft.com)
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/overview?view=powershell-7.1
Puppet® “Puppet is a tool that helps you manage and automate the configuration of servers.” (puppet.com)
https://puppet.com/ https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/6/puppet_overview.html
PyPi The Python™ Package Index…you need a Python package? Find it here. “The Python Package Index (PyPI) is a repository of software for the Python programming language.” (pypi.org)
https://pypi.org/
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Python Think a widely used scripting language commonly used for automation and in machine learning. File Extension = *.py “Python is a programming language that lets you work quicklyand integrate systems more effectively.” (python.org)
https://www.python.org/
Quality Gates Think a set of criteria that must be passed through (typically in software testing or in a project) before you can continue. “A quality gate is a milestone in an IT project that requires that predefined criteria be met before the project can proceed to the next phase. Designed to provide benchmarks for quality standards, these gates are commonly used throughout application or software development projects.” (askinglot.com)
https://docs.sonarqube.org/latest/user-guide/quality-gates/ https://www.tacticalprojectmanager.com/project-quality-gates https://medium.com/@tarunprakash/quality-gates-a-must-have-thing-for-the-code-analysis-process-75b33d6b49dc https://www.qualityclouds.com/quality-gates-devops-pipeline/ https://askinglot.com/what-is-quality-gates-in-software-testing
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Term/Acronym Definition/Description References
Repository “A software repository, or ‘repo’ for short, is a storage location for software packages…A software repository is typically managed by source control or repository managers. Package Managers allow for installing and updating the repositories (sometimes called ‘packages’) versus having to do this manually.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_repository
REST/RESTful Think lightweight web API. “REST (Representational State Transfer) is a set of architectural principles attuned to the needs of lightweight web services and mobile applications.” (redhat.com)
https://www.guru99.com/comparison-between-web-services.html https://smartbear.com/blog/soap-vs-rest-whats-the-difference/ https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/integration/whats-the-difference-between-soap-rest
Ruby Think a scripting language is used in web development and DevOps/automation. A key DevOps tool that uses Ruby is Vagrant. “A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.” (ruby-lang.org)
https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby https://www.codecademy.com/resources/blog/what-is-ruby-used-for/
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SaaS (Software as a Service)
Think software hosted in the cloud (as opposed to software hosted on premise). “Software as a Service, also know as SaaS, is a cloud-based service where instead of downloading software your desktop PC or business network to run and update, you instead access an application via an internet browser.” (techradar.com)
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/overview/what-is-saas/ https://www.techradar.com/news/what-is-saas
Salt/SaltStack “[Salt is] automation, infrastructure management, its data-driven orchestration, remote execution, configuration management, and so much more.” (saltproject.io) “SaltStack/Salt is a configuration management (CM) and orchestration tool that enables system administrators to automate server provisioning and management tasks.” (ipswitch.com)
https://saltproject.io/ https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-saltstack-terminology-and-concepts https://blog.ipswitch.com/what-is-saltstack
Scikit learn (sklearn) Think Python library for machine learning and statistical modeling. “Simple and efficient tools for predictive data analysis…built on NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib” (scikit-learn.org)
https://scikit-learn.org/ https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/01/scikit-learn-python-machine-learning-tool/
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SCM (Source Code Management)
Think code repository and version control. “Source code management (SCM) is used to track modifications to a source code repository. SCM tracks a running history of changes to a code base and helps resolve conflicts when merging updates from multiple contributors. SCM is also synonymous with Version control.” (Atlassian.com)
https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/source-code-management https://about.gitlab.com/stages-devops-lifecycle/source-code-management/ https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3879/source-code-manager-scm
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Scrum An Agile software development framework (and the most prevalent one referred to when speaking of Agile) “Scrum is a lightweight framework that helps people, teams and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. In a nutshell, Scrum requires a Scrum Master to foster an environment where:
1. A Product Owner orders the work for a complex problem into a Product Backlog.
2. The Scrum Team turns a selection of the work into an Increment of value during a Sprint.
3. The Scrum Team and its stakeholders inspect the results and adjust for the next Sprint.
4. Repeat” (The 2020 Scrum GuideTM)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(software_development) https://www.atlassian.com/agile/scrum https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-scrum https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/scrum/ https://scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html
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Shell Scripts Scripts typically written in a Unix shell such as Bourne Sell (sh), Bourne Again Shell (Bash), or C Shell (csh). “A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by the Unix shell, a command-line interpreter.[1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be scripting languages.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
Think security log and event collection and alerting platform. “Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) is a software solution that aggregates and analyzes activity from many different resources across your entire IT infrastructure. SIEM collects security data from network devices, servers, domain controllers, and more. SIEM stores, normalizes, aggregates, and applies analytics to that data to discover trends, detect threats, and enable organizations to investigate any alerts.” (varonis.com)
https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/siem/ https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-siem/
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Sprint Part of the Scrum software development framework “a repeatable fixed time-box during which a "Done" product of the highest possible value is created. Sprint lies at the core of the Sprint agile methodology and can be thought of as an event which wraps all other Scrum events like Daily Scrums, Scrum Review and Sprint Retrospective. Like all of scrum events, Sprint also has a maximum duration. Usually, a Sprint lasts for one month or less.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_Sprint https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-in-scrum
Tags (vs. Branches) Think a tag is a pointer (bookmark) to a specific commit in the code you are writing. A branch is the copy of the code you are updating/modifying. “Tags are ref's that point to specific points in Git history. Tagging is generally used to capture a point in history that is used for a marked version release (i.e. v1.0.1). A tag is like a branch that doesn’t change. Unlike branches, tags, after being created, have no further history of commits.” (Atlassian.com)
https://book.git-scm.com/docs/gitglossary https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/inspecting-a-repository/git-tag https://medium.com/@vogeleah/tags-vs-branches-in-git-16c4a3dc0a1f https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4017508/what-is-the-difference-between-tag-and-branch-with-git https://hackernoon.com/top-differences-between-tags-and-branches-in-git-you-must-know-49m33jk
Task (in Jira®) “A task represents work that needs to be done.” (Atlassian)
https://support.atlassian.com/jira-cloud-administration/docs/what-are-issue-types/
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Train (Fit) a Model “The process of training an ML model involves providing an ML algorithm (that is, the learning algorithm) with training data to learn from…The training data must contain the correct answer, which is known as a target or target attribute. The learning algorithm finds patterns in the training data that map the input data attributes to the target (the answer that you want to predict), and it outputs an ML model that captures these patterns.” (amazon.com)
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/latest/dg/machinelearning-dg.pdf#training-ml-models https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/descending-into-ml/training-and-loss
Travis CI “Travis CI is a hosted[2] continuous integration service used to build and test software projects hosted on GitHub[3] and Bitbucket.” (Wikipedia)
https://travis-ci.org/ https://www.travis-ci.com/ https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/for-beginners/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI
Vagrant® “Vagrant is an open-source software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments; e.g., for VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, and AWS. It tries to simplify the software configuration management of virtualization in order to increase development productivity.” (Wikipedia)
https://www.vagrantup.com/ https://opensource.com/resources/vagrant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrant_(software)
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VM (Virtual Machine) Think virtualization of the entire OS, hardware Isolation (vs. application isolation…cf. containers for application isolation) “A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that functions as a virtual computer system with its own CPU, memory, network interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware system (located off- or on-premises).” (redhat.com) Example Vendors who have VM products: VMWare ESXi and Fusion, Microsoft HyperV, Citrix XenServer, RedHat KVM, Oracle VirtualBox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/virtualization/what-is-a-virtual-machine
VMWare ESXi VMWare’s hypervisor for running virtual machines
https://www.vmware.com/products/esxi-and-esx.html https://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere-hypervisor.html https://www.mustbegeek.com/difference-between-vsphere-esxi-and-vcenter/
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Web Service Think an API interface you can use typically using HTTP or HTTPS. “…essentially, web services include any software, application, or cloud technology that provides standardized web protocols (HTTP or HTTPS) to interoperate, communicate, and exchange data messaging – usually XML (Extensible Markup Language) – throughout the internet.” (cleo.com)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service https://www.cleo.com/blog/knowledge-base-web-services
Webhook Think automatic push notification (it reaches out to you) from a web application rather than having to poll the web application (you have to contact it). “A webhook (also called a web callback or HTTP push API) is a way for an app to provide other applications with real-time information. A webhook delivers data to other applications as it happens, meaning you get data immediately. Unlike typical APIs where you would need to poll for data very frequently in order to get it real-time.” (sendgrid.com)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhook https://developer.atlassian.com/server/jira/platform/webhooks/ https://sendgrid.com/blog/whats-webhook/
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XenServer Citrix’s hypervisor for running virtual machines
https://xenserver.org/ https://www.citrix.com/products/citrix-hypervisor/
y=f(x) Think the basic formula for machine learning. x = is the input of one or more variables to produce an output y using the function f y = is the output of the function, typically a prediction f = the function used to make a prediction (predict y) based on one or more variables (x)
https://machinelearningmastery.com/how-machine-learning-algorithms-work/ https://towardsdatascience.com/the-abc-of-machine-learning-ea85685489ef
YAML Think human-readable configuration file (a better version of an .INI file). Pronounced “YAM-ul”. File extension = *.yml. Means “YAML Ain’t Markup Language” (and was the acronym formerly known as “Yet Another Markup Language”). “YAML is a human-readable data-serialization language. It is commonly used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.” (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML https://yaml.org/