devt of sources of water.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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A. Development of Sources of Waterfor Rural Residences
B. Waste Water Treatment and
Disposal for Building and PremisesC. Water Supply and Distribution System
D. Sanitary Drainage and Ventilating SystemE. Storm and Sub-surface Drainage
F. Water Heating SystemG. Dry and Wet Stand pipes
H. Water Pumps, Tank, Cistern, Sewage & Scum PitI. Installation and Workmanship
J. Plumbing Plan and Specification
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A. Development of Sources of Water
for Rural ResidencesDetermine the amount and quality of water,
develop source and provide sanitary measures against contamination and pollution.
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
WATER Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface
96.5% in oceans 1.7% in groundwater
1.7% in glaciers, ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland,a small fraction in other large water bodies
0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds and precipitation
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
WATER 2.5% - freshwater
98.8% - in ice and groundwater Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and
the atmosphere
0.003% is contained within biological bodies andmanufactured products
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
SAFE DRINKINGWATER
no calories or organic nutrients
approximately one billion people still lack access tosafe water
over 2.5 billion lack accesses to adequate sanitation
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCESSAFE DRINKINGWATER
Water functions as a solvent for a wide variety ofchemical substances
facilitates industrial cooling and transportation
Approx 70% of the fresh water - for agriculture
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE Water Cycle (Hydrologic Cycle) - continuous movement
of water between the earth and atmosphere
Components :
1. Evaporation
change of state of water (a liquid) to water vapor (gas) 2. Transpiration
evaporation of liquid water from plants and trees into
the atmosphere (90% of all water that enters the roots
transpires into the atmosphere)
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
3. Sublimationprocess where ice and snow (a solid) changes
into water vapor (a gas) without moving throughthe liquid phase.4. Condensationfrom the gas phase to the liquid phase; water
vapor (a gas) changes back into a water droplets(a liquid)e.g. clouds, fog, dew, or frost form.
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
5. Transportation
the movement of solid, liquid and gaseous water throughthe atmosphere. Without this movement, the waterevaporated over the ocean would not precipitate over land6. Precipitation
water that falls to the earth (rain but includes snow, sleet,drizzle, and hail)7. Runoff remains on the surface and f lows into streams, rivers, and
eventually large bodies (lakes or the ocean)
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
8. Evapotranspiration – the process of transferringmoisture from the earth to the atmosphere by
evaporation of water and transpiration from plants9. Infiltration – process by which water in the ground
surface enters the soil
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
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MPLE Water is many times heavier than air by
a. 803
b. 300c. 830
d. 308
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MPLE Water is many times heavier than air by
a. 803
b. 300c. 830
d. 308
Water is 800 times denser than air
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MPLE Which of these stages is not one among cycle of water?
a. Saturation
b. Precipitationc. Evaporation
d. Condensation
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MPLE Which of these stages is not one among cycle of water?
a. Saturation
b. Precipitationc. Evaporation
d. Condensation
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MPLEHow do you measure the rainfall intensity?
a. Inches/hr.
b. Inches/min.c. Inches/sec.
d. Inches/day
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MPLEHow do you measure the rainfall intensity?
a. Inches/hr.
b. Inches/min.c. Inches/sec.
d. Inches/day
Rainfall intensity is measured in millimetres per hour(mm/h) over a given duration.