ict & devt
TRANSCRIPT
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ICT & Development
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The worlds poorest two billion people desperately
need healthcares not laptops..
Mothers are going to walk right up that computerand say My children are dying what can youdo? Theyre not going to sit there and, likebrowse eBay or something.
What they want is for their children to live. Do youreally have to put in computers to figure that
out?
Bill Gates Chairman and ChiefSoftware Architect, Microsoft
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Defining ICT
Refer to technologies (web-based, SMS,
MIS, lans) that facilitate by electronic
means the creation, storage management
and dissemination of information
(Digital Opportunities Task force,2002)
As a vehicle for communication rather than
simply a means of processing information(Curtain, 2004)
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Types of ICTs
Old newspapers, radio and television
New networked computers, satellite-sources
communications, wireless technology and the
internet. A feature of these technologies is theircapacity to be networked and interlinked to form
a massive infrastructure of interconnected
telephone services, standardized computing
hardware, the internet, radio and TV, whichreaches every corner of the globe.
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Definition of Development
A critical factor that has to be considered in
the application of ICT for development is
whether it serves the poor especially with
respect to dimensions of poverty such ashealth, lack of voice and lack of
information (Curtain, 2004)
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Development Projects
Development projects pertain to activities
that relate to the socio-economic well
being of the country or the community.
This involves activities related to health,education, commerce, the environment
and governance. These are projects
administered within the context of anorganization
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As such, understanding the definitions ofICTs and development, Tiglao & Alampay
(2003) highlights the ICT projects that
have direct impact on empowering people
in poor communities as well as impact on
alleviating poverty and addressing the
MDGs
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Reclassification of ICT4D
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
ICT4D Typology ICT ApplicationPolitical/Governance/empowerment E-government
Economic/Livelihood E-business
E-employment
E-agriculture
Social/Education E-learning
E-health
E-environment
Infrastructure/Access E-science
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The UN Millennium
Development Goals
MDG is a system of time bound and measurablegoals and targets that the 191 member states onthe UNs have committed to during the UNMillennium Summit in Sept. 2000.
The goals and targets cut across three broadsectors of development:
a. Economic well-being
b. Social developmentc. Environmental sustainability and
regeneration
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The system seeks to enhance the
capability of member states in achieving
development by combating poverty,hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental
degradation and discrimination against
women as well as commitment to humanrights, good governance and democracy
The UN Millennium
Development Goals
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The Millennium declaration clearly recognizes
the potential and crucial role that information
and communication technologies can play inmeeting the development goals as contained in
target 18, which states that in co-operation with
the private sector, make available the benefits of
new technologies, especially information andcommunication
The UN Millennium
Development Goals
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Global Perspective of ICT
for Development
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The WSIS (2003) identified the five (5) priority
themes and their respective sub-themes under its
ICT4D platforms
1. Innovating for Equitable Access
a. Access/connectivity/last/first mile innovation
including WIFI
b. Financing ICT4D
c. Affordable solutions
d. Open solutions/open source
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2. Enhancing Human Capacity and
Empowerment
a. Capacity building (formal and non-formal
education/skills development, e-learning)
b. Youthc. Women/gender
d. Indigenous community/ people
e. Health
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3. Strengthening Communications for
Development
a. Enhancing communication through media
b. Intercultural communication
c. Humanitarian aid and disaster information
system
d. Conflict prevention and resolution
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4. Promoting Local Content and knowledgea. Local culture, knowledge and content
b. Indigenous knowledge
c. Local media
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5. Fostering Policy Implementationa. e-Strategies
b. e-Governance (including security)
c. e-Commerce/e-Business
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Approaches to the Use
of ICT in Development
1. ICT as LEAD. In focuses on ICT as a driver of thedevelopment process. The ICT led approach usuallyaims to provide the poor the opportunities to receiveup-to-date information or achieve an enhanced abilityto communicate with others.
(Telecentres seek to promote economic growth throughaccess to better opportunities to generate income as ameans of poverty reduction)
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2. ICT plays a supporting roles. In ICT
support places development objective to
the fore and seeks to use ICT to supportthe objective
Approaches to the Use
of ICT in Development
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ICT Applications: Benefits in All
Aspect of Life
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Breakdown of ICT Projects and
Their Application (Tiglao, 2004)
ICT Application # of Projects %
E-governance 240 59.70
E-learning 100 24.87
E-science 43 10.69E-business 37 9.20
E-environment 22 5.47
E-health 19 4.72
E-agriculture 13 3.23
E-employment 12 2.98
402
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ICT4D Applications
1. E-government/E-governance Easier to access government information
Government is also the largest single contributor
to the local economy Diversity in egovernance projects
Diversity in the technologies used
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Websites
Philippine government portal (www.gov.ph) 1,694 LGUs have a web-presence (91% are at
stage 1static)
Notable websites that won awards from NCC areNaga City, Nueva Ecija province, Zamboangadel Sur province, municipalities of Gerona,Tarmac, Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro
http://www.gov.ph/http://www.gov.ph/ -
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Short Messaging Systems (SMS)
Used for complaints, suggestions, and
request for information ex. Patrol 117,
DepEd DETxt, TextSSS, Patrol 2920 andText NAIA
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Computerization and Specialized
Databases
1. e-LGUs projects
a. Real property tax systems
b. Business permits and licensing
system
c. Treasury operations management
systems
d. Tax mapping system
e. Geographic information system
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Best Practices
Naga City. The citys website, which
updates and informs the citizens on city
services, financial and bidding reports, city
legislations, investment data, statistics andprocedures in local bureaucracy
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2. E-businessa. E-ticketing
b. B2b: b2bpricenow, bayantrade,virtual malls (divisoria.com,
turoturo.com, myAyala.com,
PadalaKo.com,online portal
EXPERTRADE, electronic yellow pages(EYP.ph)
c. For SMEs: eastASEANbiz.net, Asia Pacific Economic
Council (APEC), APEC Centre for Technology
Exchange for Small and Medium Enterprise
(ACTETSME)
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3. E-learning a. Distance learning b.ICT Skills Development c. NetworkingKnowledge Institutions and d. Providing
access and exposure to the technologies
DOTC Mobile Information Technology
Classroom
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4. E-employment: overseas and localemployment
Overseas: use of internet, e-mail,net
meeting, cyber photos and cybergreetings.OWWA teleugnayan centres,
SART Padala Remittance Service,
SMART money (Estopace, 2004)
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Local employment DOLE(http://phil-
jobnet2.dole.gov.ph) LGUs: job posting inNaga City, Bulacan Province and Bohol
Province (Niles and Hanson, 2003)
http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/http://phil-jobnet2.dole.gov.ph/ -
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5. E-environment. Most of the projectsinvolved Geographic Information System(GIS) applications to map out, contour,hydrology, land use, soil type, erosion,
loan cover, population, among othersSMS: bantay usok, bantay dagat, bantaykalikasan
NDCC/PAGASA monitor weather andenvironmental disturbances
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6. E-agriculture. Agriculture and FisheriesResearch and Development Information
system (AFRDIS), national Information
Network (NIN), Agriculture and Natural
Resources Information Network (AGRINET),Farmers Information and
Technology services (FITS), Geographic
Information System to identify soil patters and
topographies and mapping properties
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7. E-science. Projects pertains to theaccess of the ICT infrastructure:Multipurpose Community TeleCenterproject (www.barangayconnect.ph),
ATIKHAs use of video phones for OFWfamilies (Doyo, 2002), broadband accesssuch as in PREGINET and CATNET andIFDCIs use of satellite and omnidirectional antennas (Hocson, 2002)
http://www.barangayconnect.ph/http://www.barangayconnect.ph/ -
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8. E- Health. E-health initiatives can be
classified into main categories:a. Health information and education (internet,SMS, dedicated hotlines) DOH SARs hotlinesand textlines)
b. Specialised databases and informationsystems (Infectious Disease Data ManagementSystems) e-conferences Qu4Rad(www.qu4rad.net), ICT enhanced managementinformation system on HIV/AIDS and sexual
reproductive health services
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LGU Web-presence (as of September 30, 2005)NATIONWIDE
WithWebsite
Stage1
Stage2
Stage3
Stage4
Stage5
Total %
Cities
(n=117)
20 75 20 0 0 115 98.3
Provinces(n=79)
18 47 14 0 0 79 100
Municipalities
(n= 1500)1,215 229 50
0 0 1,494 99.6
Total
(n=1696)
1,253 351 84 0 0 1,688 99.5
Source: National Computer Centre (2005)
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Genesis and History of DOT Force
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43 members participated
DOT Force Representatives17 government
representatives + 1
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK,
USA, and a representative from European Commission
Developing countries governments (Bolivia, Brazil,
Egypt, India, Indonesia, Senegal, South Africa and
Tanzania)
7 representatives
from Internationals
/multilateral
organizations
ECOSOC, ITU, OECD, UNDP, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
WB
11 representatives
from private sectors
Three global networks: GIIC, GBDE and WEF
8 Representative from
non profit sector
One representative from each G8 country
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DOT Force focused on
the three main objectives
1. To enhance global understanding and
consensus on the challenges and
opportunities posed by information and
communication technologies, and the rolethat these technologies can play in
fostering sustainable, participatory
development, better governance, wealthcreation, and empowerment of local
communities and vulnerable groups
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2. To foster greater coherence amongvarious initiatives, both G8 and other
currently underway or proposed to
address these challenges and
opportunities
3. To enhance the effective mobilization of
resources to address these challenges
and opportunities
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Barriers to take up of ICT for
Development
No robust inventory of documented development
outcomes
Many projects have been viewed as technology
transfer rather than aiming to achieve development
outcomes. This means that project success or failure
has been measured in terms whether a technical system
was deployed or not. The actual development outcome(or relevance) of the system was neither monitored nor
measured
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There is the iceberg phenomenon meaning that ICTshave been hidden beneath the surface of other
development projects. When viewed as enables of otherdevelopment sectors, ICTs were rarely liked to impactindicators. This phenomenon suggests that ICT in manydevelopment projects is best viewed as a crosscuttingissue
A focus in project evaluation on management issues andproject cycles together with the use of inadequate tools,methodologies and timeframes, has hidden ICTs
contribution to longer-term social change
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There has also a desire to hide failures on the part of
those involved, in many cases. Although any ICT fordevelopment initiatives have failed, few failure have
been documented. This is due to lack of incentives in
the development system to encourage project managers,
development agencies or implementing partners to
critically report and make public project shortfalls orfailures
UNDP Evaluation Office 2001
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Does access to advanced ICT benefit the
poor?