PE 003INDIVIDUAL/DUAL SPORTS

MISA, RAY JOHN M.BS-IE- 2ND YR.ES21FA1FR- 7:30-9:30HISTORY OF BADMINTONThe beginnings of badminton can be traced to the mid-1800s inBritish India, where it was created by British military officers stationed there.Early photographs show Englishmen adding a net to the traditional English game ofbattledore and shuttlecock. The sport is related toball badminton, which originated inTamil Nadu, and is similar toHanetsukiwhich originated in Japan. Being particularly popular in the British garrison town Poona (nowPune), the game also came to be known asPoona.Initially, balls of wool referred asball badmintonwere preferred by the upper classes in windy or wet conditions, but ultimately the shuttlecock stuck. This game was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed and rules were set out.Although it appears clear thatBadminton House,Gloucestershire, owned by theDuke of Beaufort, has given its name to the sports, it is unclear when and why the name was adopted. As early as 1860,Isaac Spratt, a London toy dealer, published a booklet,Badminton Battledore a new game, but unfortunately no copy has survived. An 1863 article inThe Cornhill Magazinedescribes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the ground".This early use has cast doubt on the origin through expatriates in India, though it is known that it was popular there in the 1870s and that the first rules were drawn up in Poonah in 1873.Another source cites that it was in 1877 atKarachiin (British) India, where the first attempt was made to form a set of rules.As early as 1875, veterans returning from India started a club inFolkestone. Until 1887, the sport was played in England under the rules that prevailed in British India. The Bath Badminton Club standardized the rules and made the game applicable to English ideas. J.H.E. Hart drew up revised basic regulations in 1887 and, with Bagnel Wild, again in 1890.[6]In 1893, the Badminton Association of England published the first set of rules according to these regulations, similar to today's rules, and officially launched badminton in a house called "Dunbar" at 6 Waverley Grove,Portsmouth, England on September 13 of that year. They also started theAll England Open Badminton Championships, the first badminton competition in the world, in 1899.The International Badminton Federation (IBF) (now known asBadminton World Federation) was established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark, England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding members. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton and develops the sport globally.While initiated in England, competitive men's badminton in Europe has traditionally been dominated by Denmark. Asian nations, however, have been the most dominant ones worldwide. China, Indonesia, South Korea, and Malaysia along with Denmark are among the nations that have consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in both men's and women's competition in recent years.

SKILLS OF BADMINTON & DIFFERENT GRIPS IN BADMINTONTypes of grips:1. Forehand: Required for stroke on right side of body and strokes above head. Grip like shaking hands with racket. V formed by thumb and forefingers is at left edge of top bevel.2. Backhand: Turn so thumb is on side bevel if swinging with elbow up. Or keep same forehand grip if backhanding with elbow down.Drill: Students practice hitting forehands and backhands over net standing on short service line. Make sure students use proper grip.Court positioning: For singles play stand directly in center of court. Stand in ready position: relaxed, knees bent, racket up, feet shoulder width apart. Footwork Moving to side spring sideways and shuffle step to shuttle. Right baseline: Drop step and shuffle. Left baseline: Drop step with left foot and crossover with right turning with back to net. Turn 360 under shuttle to return.Drills: Practice proper footwork while partner hits to each section of the court.ServeServe rules: Whole head of racket must be discernibly below hand holding racket when shuttle is contacted. Both feet must be on ground and may not be sliding during the contact.Basic serve position: 3 feet behind short serve line and to right or left of centerline. Hold shuttle at base with forefinger and thumb. Extend left arm forward about level with shoulders. Avoid brining racket up to shuttle to hit it. Let the shuttle drop.Types of serves:1. Low serve: Used as change of pace and to keep opponent guessing. Make stroke almost entirely with forearm guiding shuttle and may want firm wrist. Must barely clear clear net.2. High clear: Hit very high. Utilize wrist and forearm pronation to get power.Drills: Place targets on court that server is assigned to serve to. Work for highest percentage hitting targets. Practice serves against opponent: Opponent attempts to return serve but play is stopped immediately after return. Practice short serve and long serve against opponent: Any time the opponent cannot return the serve in the server gets a point. Any short serve that the opponent does not smash also earns the server a point.Clear High arcing shot that travels deep in the court. Use to keep the opponent back away from net. Gives person time to reset and move up to net.

Underhand clear: Use wrist to swat birdie high. Hit it hard Move into attacking positionDrill: Practice underhand clear with toss to self. Partner serves short and receiver hits high underhand clear.Overhead Clear1. Racket back behind head.2. Lead with elbow3. Snap wrist.4. Hit hard and high.Drills: Partner serves high clear and receiver must return with overhead high clear. Play a game with high clears only.Drop ShotSlow shot that drops just over the net.Technique1. Disguise shot as an overhand high clear.2. Use similar arm motions but little wrist rotation. Locked wrist.3. Contact shuttle farther ahead of body.4. Shuttle should land as close to net as possible.Strategy Use in combination with clears to keep opponent guessing especially in singles. Use to move opponent out of center of court.Drills: Players practice hitting drop shot from endline by hitting the shuttle straight up to themselves then executing the drop shot. Partner executes high clear serve to be returned with drop shot by his partner. Use same drill as above but receiver gets one point if shuttle lands between short serve line and net. Server gets a point for a shuttle that lands anywhere else

SmashSmash is a hard hit downward shot intended to win a point.Technique1. Disguise shot as a clear or drop shot.2. Contact shuttle at highest comfortable point.3. Rotate wrist and forearm quickly to snap the birdie down.4. Rotate trunk and shoulders forward to throw weight into shot.

Drills: Players practice hitting a smash from a shuttle lobbed by a partner from the other side of the net. Partner practices short serves. Opponent must smash short served that are too high over net. Play rallys where only high clears and smashes are allowed.DrivesDrive is a flat sidearm stroke that travels low over the net and deep into the opponents court.Forehand drive1. Similar to sidearm throw in baseball2. Turn body so left shoulder is pointing at net.3. Contact shuttle between shoulders and waist.4. Use wrist rotation and weight transfer to drive shuttle.Drills: Players hit forehand drives from shuttle hit underhand from partner on same side of net. Partner should stand to side of person hitting drive so they are not in the path of the shuttle flight.Backhand drive1. Adjust grip so thumb in on back bevel2. Turn body so right shoulder is pointing at net.3. Elbow points at oncoming shuttle.4. Use wrist and elbow release along with weight transfer for generate power.5. Other technique is to keep same grip, keep elbow down, and supinate arm to generate power.Drills: Players hit backhand drives from shuttle hit underhand from partner on same side of net. Partner should stand to side of person hitting drive so they are not in the path of the shuttle flight. Play rallies where players are only allowed to hit drives. No high clears or drop shots.HairpinHairpin is a shot played from close to the net the barely clears net and lands close to net on opponents side.Technique:1. Be quick to move to shuttle.2. Racket should fact up.3. Use wrist to finesse the shuttle barely over the net.Drills: Practice hitting hairpin shot with partner on other side of net. Keep score with partner. Only hairpins or smashes are allowed. Partner practices hitting drop shots from around end line and opponent must return a good drop shot with a hairpin shot.

StrategyGeneral Strategy For offense shots are directed downwards such as drop shot, smashes, and low serves. For defense shots are directed upwards such as high clears, high serves, underhand drop shots. Drives can be offensive or defensive.

Singles Strategy: Position yourself on court where greater percentage of serves will come. Move to right side of center if you hit to opponents back hand. Move forwards if shuttle is hit deep. Try to make the opponent over anticipate your shots. Ready position for serve should be stance staggered and close to center line on right side and a few feet off center line on left side. Be close enough to smash a poor low serve. Most effective shots are high deep serve, overhead clear, underhand clear, and hairpin. Force opponent to play backhand from deep court. Hit to forehand corner in order to open up the backhand side.Drill: Practice rallies using strategies just talked about by playing king of the court. Plays is started with a high clear. The winner of the point stays on the court. Loser is replaced by waiting player.Doubles Strategy: Most effective doubles serves include the low serve and drive serve. Side by side defensive formation: Each player covers half of court. Stronger player plays middle shots. Disadvantage is opponents can exploit weaker defender or tire one opponent by playing all shots to one side. Defends better against attack by opponents. Up and back: There is always a player at the net to put away poor returns. Cross court shots are more easily blocked by player at net. Mid-court and sidelines are more vulnerable. Combination: Utilizes up and back formation but teammates switch to a side by side formation when they have to play a shuttle upwards that may be attacked by the opponents.Drill: Students play a game of doubles alternating between side-by-side formation and up and back for each point.

FACILITIES EQUIPMENT IN BADMINTON Badminton Court Dimensions- details of line markings, net height and court dimensions plus more. Badminton Equipment- the essential items for a badminton player, including racquets, birds and clothing accessories. Store- buyBadminton Equipmentin the online store and information sources such as books, dvds, videos and magazines.RULES AND REGULATION IN BADMINTONScoring System A match is in a best-of-three-games format with each game played to 21 points. A point is awarded for each time a rally ends. Service is awarded to the side that won the last rally. At 20-all, the side which gains a 2-point advantage first, wins that game. At 29-all, the side which reaches 30 first, wins that game. The side winning a game serves first for the next game.TossBefore play begins, a toss will be conducted and the winning side shall decide whether to either: Serve or receive first Start play on one side or the otherIf no coin is available, players can hit the game shuttlecock into the air and grant choice to the side in which the shuttlecocks head faces.Interval and Change of Sides When the side of the leading score reaches 11 points, players may choose to have a 60-second interval. When a game ends, players are allowed a 120-second interval. After each game, players change sides. In the third game, players change sides when the leading score reaches 11 points.Singles At the start of each game, service will begin from the right service court. Service will be taken from the right service court when the servers score is even, and from the left service court when the servers score is odd. The receiver must be inside the correct service box before service is taken.Doubles At the start of each game, service will begin from the right service court. Service will be taken from the right service court when the servers score is even, and from the left service court when the servers score is odd. The receiver must be inside the correct service box before service is taken. The receivers partner may stand anywhere in the court. If the servers side wins the rally, that team is awarded a point and service continues to be taken by the server. If the receivers side wins the rally, that team is awarded a point and service. Players on each side only change service courts when a rally is won while their side is serving.Game PlayDuring play, a fault occurs if: A player touches the net or poles with the racket, person, or dress. A player invades the opponents side by making contact with the shuttlecock past the plane of the net. A player invades an opponents court under the net in such a way that an opponent is obstructed or distracted.During play, a let occurs if: The server serves before the receiver is ready. The shuttlecocks base separates from the skirt.A rally ends if the shuttlecock: Hits the net or post and begins to fall toward the strikers side of the net. Hits the surface of the court.

ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS IN BADMINTONTechnical OfficialsTechnical Officials (TOs) are a critical part of the game and the BWF is committed to developing and maintaining skilled and well qualified TOs for its signature events and for the sport at the international level.

The BWF is also committed to developing training materials / guidelines for referees, umpires and line judges and ensuring fair and transparent processes of assessment,nomination for BWF major tournaments.

The coordination and management of TOs for the BWF is the responsibility of the Events Committee, supported by the Technical Officials Commission and the staff in theEvents Department.Roles and responsibilities - Referee, BWF appointed Tournament Director and Technical Delegate

In BWF major events, SS and GPG the referee will work closely with the BWF appointed Tournament Director (appointed by the BWF Secretariat to each Tournament), and in multi-sports events the referee will work with one or more TDs and the relevant BWF Staff. It is the responsibility of all to share information, cooperate, and share responsibility, as every decision may be crucial and will have to stand up to scrutiny. Any mistake may reflect badly on badminton in an international and exposed environment.The Refereeis in overall charge of the tournament competition. The referee shall ensure that the tournament is conducted in accordance with the Laws of Badminton, the Rules and Regulations of the BWF and any other regulations pertinent to the specific competition. He/she shall ensure that the players are given facilities (including practice) and playing conditions of an adequate standard and safety, approval of the programme of play and practice schedule, ensuring an appropriate transport setup and overall monitoring of matters related to the fair an proper conduct the tournament for the players. The referee shall also ensure that there is an adequate panel of technical officials of requisite ability and appropriate international representation.The BWF Tournament Directoris in charge of the commercial aspects including the presentation of the game. When the sporting and commercial/presentational areas touch, there will be a grey area, where it is important that common solutions are found and defended towards any outside party. The order of play for the last rounds is typically a such area, where good cooperation is crucial.The BWF Tournament Director will have the final decision in matters affecting the implementation of BWF commercial and media rights contracts including the presentation of the field of play. The BWF Tournament Director will provide the referee with a recommendation based on consultation with the various stakeholders (broadcasters, hosts etc.) on the order of play on televised courts, which the referee shall normally follow.All parties shall always work within the boundaries of the regulations.The Technical Delegate, TD.In Multi-Sport Games the OC will ask for the appointment of a TD. There may be regulations concerning the TDs role and responsibilities in the Games statutes and they may vary from one Multi-Sport Games to another. Generally, the TD will take over the activities concerning preparation of the badminton event of the Multi-Sport Games, which a referee would normally take responsibility for. The TD should keep the referee (when appointed, often much later than the TD) informed about major issues related to the preparation of the event. The TD will then hand over responsibility for the delivery of the event to the referee in connection with the Team Managers meeting, which will be conducted by the Referee. The TD will keep close contact with the referee during the event and advise on any matter, in particular with relation to protocol, to the OC and to other sports.The TD will liaise closely with the BWF Events Chair, Secretary General, Events Director and the relevant Events Department Team in connection with the general preparations of any Multisports Event on a World, Continental and Regional level. Any overall principle matters outside the normal oversight of technical matters should be referred to the BWF Secretariat and appropriate replies should be sent from the BWF Secretariat. The roles and delegations between the TD and the Events Staff team will be coordinated and decided from time to time and may vary depending on the nature of the Multisports EventUmpireThe Umpire has authority over a particular match and shall be in charge of the court and its immediate surrounds. The Umpire shall ensure the match is conducted in accordance with the Laws of Badminton, the Rules and Regulations of the BWF and any other regulations pertinent to the specific competition. The Umpire makes rule calls regarding service faults and other player faults or lets. The Umpire keeps the match score which he or she announces after each point. The Umpire also keeps a record of any incidents of misconduct and reports them to the Referee. The Umpires jurisdiction shall exist from entering the court before the match until leaving the court after the match and they shall report to and act nder the authority of the Referee.

LinejudgeThe linejudge is responsible for a service, side or baseline during a particular match and decides whether the shuttle has landed in or out of court. Linejudges call the shuttle in or out using the appropriate verbal call and hand signals. If they are unsighted they signal to this effect and the Umpire shall make the decision or if no decision can be given a let shall be called.

There is currently no Accredited / Certificated categories for Line Judges. All invitations for Line Judges are sent to Continentaion Confederations who then nominate Line Judges for BWF events, copying in their respective Member . These nominations are forwarded to theEvents Committee who make appointments for the event.