dha piperaquine as an eradication tool in myanmar · mandalay madaya dmr/umb rachine ann mma...

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DHApiperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar Myaing Myaing Nyunt MD PhD Celebrating 15 years of MMV Siam Reap, Cambodia 25 February 2015

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Page 1: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

DHA‐piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar

Myaing Myaing Nyunt MD PhD

Celebrating 15 years of MMVSiam Reap, Cambodia25 February 2015

Page 2: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Evidence and action for malaria elimination in Myanmar 

• Evidence: • To collect baseline data to support elimination & to gather buy‐in from 

country leadership and local malaria communities

• Action: Targeted Mass Treatment of malaria ‒ To test an intervention based on evidence collected‒ DHA‐piperaquine ± primaquine and/or others 

Page 3: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

A question from Myanmar leader

Does it pop or jump?

Page 4: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Justification for malaria elimination in Myanmar • High asymptomatic infections• Presence of artemisinin resistant 

P. falciparum in Myanmar• Independent emergence of 

artemisinin resistant falciparum • Urgency of need to eliminate 

malaria in GMS by scientific communities – Leadership?? – Communities?? 

VietnamCambodiaMyanmar

Takala‐Harrison et al JID 2014

Page 5: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

University of Maryland Baltimore in Myanmar 

• Atypical track of UMB collaboration in Myanmar since 2009– Began as technical assistance supported by USAID and WHO, followed 

by NIH Fogarty & Open Society Foundation

• Technical assistance to Myanmar – Laboratory support for civilian & military malaria research institutions

– Intellectual support to researchers & academic communities• Optimization of Ethics Review Committees of MoH & MoD• Explicit teaching of ethics and professionalism in medical schools • Faculty development in civilian and military research institutions and medical schools

Page 6: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Research follows capacity development

Page 7: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

New surveillance tools for malaria elimination 

• Gathering of Myanmar malaria communities on 18 January 2014• Need for systematic and large scale baseline evaluations 

• Evidence• Prevalence & distribution of asymptomatic infection • Prevalence & distribution of drug resistant markers• Map parasite migration pattern 

• Malaria research and training as a “catalyst” to build trust and to initiate a culture of meaningful collaboration • Leadership & malaria communities • Media & public acceptance & interest 

Page 8: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Partners for “Gates Project”

Governmental Role NMCP Lead, coordinate; Field support DMR  Field work & lab analysis DSMRC Field & lab analysis Non‐governmental RoleMMA  Field work CPI Field work 

PSI  Field work Burnet Institute Field work & M&EChina CDC  Field work & lab analysis Clinton Health Access Initiative Coordination & data translation to policy

Close communication with WHO, USAID/PMI, regional partners

Page 9: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Meaningful collaboration in every steps • Protocol review with all partners  on 18 January 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw: Exactly one year after Myanmar malaria community gathering 

Page 10: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Region/ State Site Partner

Ayerwaddy Ingapu MMA

Bago East  Shwe Kyin DMR/UMB

Chin Paletwa MMA /  DSMRC

Kachin Myitkyina DSMRC

Kachin Nabang China CDC

Kayah Hpruso Burnet 

Mandalay  Madaya DMR/UMB

Rachine Ann MMA

Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC

Sagaing Ye Oo PSI

Shan Menglian China CDC

Yangon Taik‐kyee DSMRC / MMA

Initial study sites

Page 11: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Identification of low parasitemia• Ability to identify parasites in standard diagnostic methods

– Thick blood smear or RDT: ~50‐200 parasites per uL

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method as surveillance tool• Standard diagnosis and PCR may be missing significant parasites 

in low parasite density setting – Standard PCR: 1‐2 parasites/uL– Quantitative PCR (qPCR): <0.02 parasites/uL (<16 parasites/mL)

• Optimized qPCR methods at UMB– High blood volume PCR used on Thai‐Burma border: Challenges in 

implementation  – Blood volume only 0.3 mL (finger or ear prick) & no refrigeration needed 

for 14 days

Page 12: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Future work & long‐term success• Depending on results of this study:

– Where? How? When? With whom?– Evaluate “Targeted Mass Treatment” – Improve qPCR test: Smaller blood volume; Dried blood spots?– Develop minimal surveillance tool for elimination 

• Political complexity has effective impact on success or failure of malaria elimination in Myanmar

• Sense of ownership & sense of urgency MUST be felt by local communities and leadership

– Critical for sustained political and community support  

Page 13: DHA piperaquine as an eradication tool in Myanmar · Mandalay Madaya DMR/UMB Rachine Ann MMA Rachine Buthidaung DMR / DSMRC Sagaing Ye Oo PSI Shan Menglian ChinaCDC Yangon Taik‐kyee

Thank you for your attention!