diabetes slide show!!

8/9/2019 Diabetes Slide show!!

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Diabetes is a disease that affects many people, and it is very

dangerous disease. The body does not produce insulin and hormone

needed to convert sugar. Moreover, there is no one determined

cause of diabetes, but both genetics, obesity and lack of exercise

appear to play roles ( video).There are two type of diabetes, the first

type is not very common, but the other type is the most common type

which affects many diabetics. This disease is a very serious problem

that the diabetics should not neglect the solutions and try to cure

about this disease.


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Pathophysiology

Insulin is the principal hormone that regulatesuptake ofglucose from the blood into most cells (primarily

muscle and fat cells, but not central nervous system cells).Therefore deficiency of insulin or the insensitivity of itsreceptors plays a central role in all forms of diabetesmellitus.

Insulin is also the principal control signal forconversion of glucose to glycogen for internal storage in

liver and muscle cells. Lowered glucose levels result bothin the reduced release of insulin from the beta cells and inthe reverse conversion of glycogen to glucose whenglucose levels fall. This is mainly controlled by thehormone glucagon which acts in the opposite manner toinsulin.


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Glucose thus forcibly produced from internal liver cell stores (as

glycogen) re-enters the bloodstream; muscle cells lack the

necessary export mechanism. Normally liver cells do this when the

level of insulin is low (which normally correlates with low levels ofblood glucose).

Higher insulin levels increase some anabolic ("building up")

processes such as cell growth and duplication, protein synthesis,

and fat storage. Insulin (or its lack) is the principal signal in

converting many of the bidirectional processes of metabolism from

a catabolic to an anabolic direction, and vice versa. In particular, alow insulin level is the trigger for entering or leaving ketosis (the fat

burning metabolic phase).


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Signs and Symptoms

polyuria (frequent urination),

polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss.

Dehydration due to urinary output which is not balanced

by water intake

Delayed wound healing


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Diabetes is a very harmful disease that leads the

diabetics to many problems. High blood glucose

can cause diabetes problems, such as the heart,

blood vessel and eye

First, heart and the blood vessel disease can lead

to heart attacks and strokes; and it was a very

dangerous to the diabetics.


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Second, is that can hurt the four parts of diabetics eyes.

The retinas have tiny blood vessels, and the high blood

glucose can damage these tiny blood vessel(diabetes.niddk.nih.gov). When the retina problems gets

worse, new blood vessels grow, and it will be weak and break

easily over the years, the weak blood vessels can pull the

retina away from the back of the eye and its lead to the

diabetics .


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Although this disease is very serious, diabetics can do many

things to stay healthy.

One of the solutions is to take the medicines as directed and

not forget it. The body is habitual in specific thing and when

the person decoder the system then it will harm this body

The second solution is to check the blood

glucose every day. It is very important to check

the blood to know how the blood glucose is

, and if it is bad or good from the last check.


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The third solution is to not smoke. In addition,

it is dangerous to diabetics to smoke, because

it is more harmful from the smoker

who does not has diabetes.

The fourth solution is to keep blood glucose

and the blood pressure as close to normal

as the diabetics can to prevent diabetes

eye problem


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The fifth solution is to have eye careprofessional examine the diabetics

eye once a year.

This solution is to find eye problem early (). Moreover, the

diabetics should protect themselves and go away from the

causes that make the blood glucose increase and try to ask

doctors from any recommendation).


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To conclude, diabetes is a very serious

disease, but if the diabetics take their

medicines, check the blood glucose, stay

away from smoking and do some exercise

they can stay healthy with diabetes. The

diabetic should take care from themselves

to not make this disease develop then they

can continue their life without health problems.


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Treatment of Diabetes

There are several aspects in the treatment ofdiabetes, each one with a very importantrole

The mainstays of diabetes treatment are:

Working towards obtaining ideal body weight

Following a diabetic diet

Regular exercise Diabetic medication if needed

To stay up-to-date on diabetes research andtreatment advances,


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Note: Type 1 diabetes must be treated withinsulin; if you have type 2 diabetes, you may notneed to take insulin. This involves injecting

insulin under the skin for it to work. Insulincannot be taken as a pill because the digestive

juices in the stomach would destroy the insulinbefore it could work. Scientists are looking fornew ways to give insulin. But today, shots are

the only method. There are, however, newmethods to give the shots. Insulin pumps arenow being widely used and many people arehaving great results.


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General Information

Patient Name: LAXAMANA, ILUMINADA DE CASTRO

Age: 59 years old Civil Status: Married

Address: 18-131 AUGUSTUSSt. BFRV Las Pias

Occupation: Housewife Height: 5 4 Weight: 70 lbs BMI: 12 km/m2;

Underweight

Personal:

Food likes: Sinigang ,Menudo , Softdrinks

Food dislikes: Oily food, Hot & Spicy , Alcohol

Food Allergy: None

Medical History:

Diabetes: Type 1

Diabetes: 2years

Cancer: Non

Family History: (+) Diabetic Auntie

Last year: UTI

Social History: (-) Smoking, (-) Alcohol


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LAB TEST NORMAL VALUES DATE

Result 3/5/10

Hemoglobin 123.00-153.00g/l 90 112

Hematocrit 0.36-0.45 0.27 0.33

RBC 4.10-5.10 3.12 3.89

WBC 4.00-10.50 9.20 6.40

Basophil 0.00-0.01 0.54 0.62

Eosinophil 0.01-0.04 0.34 0.24

Monocyte 0.02-0.12 0.08 0.09

Eosinophil 0.01-0.04 0.04 0.05

Basophil 0.0-0.01

Stab 0.02-0.05 0.01

Neutrophi 0.36-0.66 0.63 0.57

Lymphocyte 0.24-0.44 0.26 0.28

Monocyte 0.02-0.12 0.07 0.09

Platelet count 150.00-450.00x10 490 432RDW 12.00-17.00% 12.3 14.0

MCV 80.00-96.00ft 87.5 86.1

MCH 27.50-33.20pg 28.8 28.8

MCHC 33.40-35.50g/dl 33.0 33.4

HBAIC 4.27-6.07% 11.20

Sodium 137.00-145.00mm/l 136

Potassium 3.60-5.00 4.0


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Date Time 3/3/10 Oral Intake Parenteral Total Urine Output Drainage Other Total

6-2

2-10

0 50 150 200 200

10-6 100 450 50 600 600

Total 600 900

3/4/10 Oral Intake

6-2 450 450 500 500

2-10 200 400 600 600 600

10-6 420 700 1120 840 840

Total 1570 1940

3/05/10 Oral Intake

6-2 450 450 500 500

2-10 200 400 600 600 600

10-6 420 700 1120 840 840

Total 1570 1940


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3/05/10

Oral

Intake

6-2 250 500 750 350 350

2-10 150 100 250 200 200

10-6 460 600 1060 520 320

Total 2060 1070


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3/06/10

Oral

Intake

6-2 840 200 1090 720 720

2-10 350 350 700 550 550

10-6 200 600 800 600 600

Total 2590 1870


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3/07/10

Oral

Intake

6-2 630 630 420 420

2-10 420 400 820 800 800

10-6 210 300 510 600 600

Total 1960 1820

3/08/10

Oral

Intake

6-2 600 100 700 700 700

2-10 1050 1050 1050 1050

10-6 400 400 300 300

Total 2150 2050


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Microbiology

Microsopy

Plus cells: 1-3/01F

Gram(-)Bacilli:10-20/01F

(+)Coccosongly and in pairs 2-7/01F Culture

Light growth of staphylococcus aureaus (Beta-lactamase)

Sensitive:Cefoxitini;Oxacillin,Sulfa/Trimthropim

Group c-Gentamin

Intermediate:erythromycin

Resistanti;clindamycin;penicillin;tetracycline;vancomycin Very light growth of klebsiella pbeumonia (ESBL)

Sensitive:Cefazolin;Cefuroxime;Gentamicini

Group B piperacillint/tazobactami;meropenemi;imipenem

Resistant Ampicillin


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24Hfod

recall

Day2

Frida

MENU Qty C (g) P (g) F (g) Kcal

BREAKFAST

Whole wheat Bread 2 pcs 23 2 100

Lime Chicken 1 pcs 31 5 169

Plain Rice 1 cup 23 2 100

Water

AM SNACK

Apple 1 pc 10 40

LUNCH

Menudo cup 16 2 82

Plain Rice 1cup 23 2 100

Orange 1 pc 10 40

Water


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PM Snack

Banana 1 pc 10 40

DINNER

Crabs Leg 2 pcs 25 2 118

Plain Rice 1 pcs 23 2 100

Water

TOTAL 122 80 9 889


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COMPUTATIONS

Height: 54 = 163 cm

Weight: 70 lbs = 32 kg

DBW = 54 * 2.54 =162.56 cm

162.25 = 100 = 62.25 = 62.25 6.22 = 56kg

TER (Harris Benedict Formula)

TER = 655.1 + (9.56 * w) + (1.85 * H) (4.67 * A)

= 655.1 + (9.56*32kg) + (1.85 * 163cm) (4.67 * 59yrs.old)

= 655.1+ 305.92 + (1.85 * 163cm)-(4.67*59)

= 655.1+ 305.92 + 301.55-(4.67*59)

= 655.1+ 305.92 + 301.55-275.53

= 961.02+ 301.55-275.53

= 1262.57-275.53

=987.24kcal + 500

= 1490 kcal or1500 kcal


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Percentage Distribution

CHO = 1500 * 0.60 = 900 kcal/4 = 225 g

CHON = 1500 * 0.15 = 225 kcal/4 = 55 g

FAT = 1500 *0.25 = 375/9 = 40 g

Dx 1500 Cho 225 Chon 55 Fat 40g


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FOOD EX C P F kcal B AM L PM D

Veg A 4 6 2 - 32 1 1 2

Veg B 3 9 3 - 48 1 1 1

Fruit 4 40 - - 160 2 1 1

Sugar - - - - -

Milk (Whole) 2 24 16 - 340 1 1

Rice 6 138 12 - 600 2 2 2

Meat (LF) - - - -

Meat (MF) 3 - 24 18 258 1 1 1

Fat 2 - - 10 90 1 1

TOTAL 1528

FOOD EXCHANGE LIST AND MEAL DISTRIBUTION


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BREAKFAST

Fried Chicken wings DINNER

1medium or 2 small

1 tsp corn oil Smoked Beef Brisket slice

Matchbox size (5x3 -1/2x1-1/2cm)

- 1 tsp Corn oil

-1 cup cooked Ampalaya - 1 cup cooked Ampalaya

-1/2cup raw Carrot - Asparagus tips

-2 Cup Plain rice - 1 Whole milk Fresh cow

-1 Whole milk Fresh cow Water


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AM SNACK

-2pcs Apple

LUNCH

-1 cup Salt Water mussel -1 cup

-2 cup cooked Ampalaya

-1/2 cup Carrot

-2 cup Plain rice

Water

PM SNACK

-1pc Mango

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