diagnostic method diagnosis diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data...
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Diagnostic Method
Diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data about the patient and their complaints using the
senses:
Observing
Hearing
Touching
Smellingsometimes
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Diagnostic MethodThe purpose of diagnosis
is to be able to offer the most:
* Effective and safe
treatment
* Accurate prognosticatio
n
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Diagnostic Method
•Is to distinguish, to identify a disease by an investigation of the signs & symptoms.
Diagnose
•Is the process of evaluating the patient’s health, as well as the resulting opinions formulated by the clinician
Diagnosis
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Diagnostic Method• Is the ART of using scientific
knowledge to identify oral disease process & to distinguish one disease from another.
Oral Diagnosis
• Is concerned with diagnosis & treatment, consultation, referral & other phases of patient management.
• It deals especially with the relation between oral & systemic diseases.
Oral Medicine
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Diagnostic Method Accurate diagnosis depends on systemic approach to unique diagnostic change posed by every patient.
The most effective approach is by applying scientific method to clinical decisions.
Diagnostic Method
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Diagnostic Method
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Diagnostic Method1- Collection of Information
a) Detailed verbalization by the patient.
b) Features determined by the clinician’s examination
c) Data derived from adjunctive diagnostic procedures.
(Laboratory tests)Clinician must stay objective.
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Diagnostic Method
1- Collection of Information
It is Diagnostic Data Base
It provides basis for comparison of:
Disease Progress
Effectiveness of treatment
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Diagnostic Method
1- Collection of Information
Data Base consists of:
Patient History
Physical Examination
Adjunctive diagnostic procedures
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Diagnostic Method
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Diagnostic Method2- Evaluation of Information
Organize & Compare with past experience
Correlate unusual findings to identify disease
Assess the accuracy of information & resolve contradiction by:
a- Testsb- Repeat tests
Clinician must stay objective.
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Diagnostic Method- Clinicians searches for association & pattern among the data collected.
2- Evaluation of Information
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Diagnostic Method
2- Evaluation of Information
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Diagnostic Method
2- Evaluation of Information
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Diagnostic Method
* If comparison does not support preliminary decision
* Incorrect Diagnosis
* Re-evaluate history
* Re-evaluate Examination
2- Evaluation of Information
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Diagnostic Method3- Diagnostic Decisions
A hypothesis that may be correct OR not
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Diagnostic Method* Systemic: Don’t confuse physical assessment with
systemic diagnosis. “ confirm by medical
consultation”.
* Dental abnormality, e.g, caries, gingivitis,
periodontitis.
* Non-dental abnormality.
3- Diagnostic Decisions
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Diagnostic Method* Non-dental abnormality: seen less common
less experience.
- Signs & Symptoms shared by many diseases.
- Compare with other disease producing the same
abnormality
Differential Diagnosis
3- Diagnostic Decisions
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Diagnostic Method4- Re-assessment
Testing the hypothesis:a) Additional tests
b) An appropriate treatment
Predict response
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Diagnostic Method* After management Re-evaluate symptoms
* Re-examine the affected region hypothesis
testing * Accurate Diagnosis + appropriate
treatment
Good Response
4- Re-assessment
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Diagnostic MethodDiagnosis is made by the clinical
examination, which comprise the:
History, this offers the
diagnosis in about 80% of
cases
Physical examination
InvestigationsSometimes
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Types of Clinical Examinations
1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis
2- Re-call Diagnosis
3- Diagnosis of specific problem
(SOAP)
4- Emergency Diagnosis
5- Screening Diagnosis
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1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis
* Intra & Extra oral examination + adjunctive procedures.
* It serves for the following purposes:- Initial status
- For comparison in later assessment.- Protect the clinician later if complication
took place.- It takes time.
- It provides sound diagnostic foundation for comprehensive treatment.
Types of Clinical Examinations
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2- Re-call Diagnosis
Types of Clinical Examinations
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3- Diagnosis of specific problem (SOAP) evaluation
* Indicated if consultation is requested from other clinician & re-assessment of recent treatment
SOAP.
1- The reason for the evaluation is briefly stated.2- “S” Subjective information.
3- “O” Objective or physical findings.4- “A” Analysis or clinical impression of the
condition by the clinician.5- “P” Plan or recommend management for the
problem.
Types of Clinical Examinations
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4- Emergency Diagnosis* Manage a chief complaint. e.g, pain, bleeding that requires immediate attention.
* Clinicians explores most aspects of history but limit examination to chief complaint.
Types of Clinical Examinations
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5- Screening Diagnosis* It answers a specific question about the patient.
* The evaluation is limited to obtaining the information needed to answer this question only,
e.g, cancer screening clinic.
Types of Clinical Examinations
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Systemic
Medical consultation
Modify dental Tx Plan & Tx
Dental
Diagnosis
Tx Plan & Tx
Non-dental
DDx
Dx (clinical impression)
Tx
Initial clinical management
Re-assessmen
t