diary sector by sarath sasikumar

8/9/2019 Diary Sector by Sarath Sasikumar

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A BRIEF STUDY ONDIARY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

ASSIGNMENT - 1

Submitted to

Prof. JAYAMOHAN NAIR

Prepared and Submitted

BySARATH SASIKUMAR

INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT

U N I V E R S I T Y O F K E R A L A


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T H I R U V A N A N T H A P U R A M

CONTENTS Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 03

Chapter 2 Indian Diary Industry 04

Chapter 3 Diary Development 06

a) Diary Development in India 06

b) Diary Development in Kerala 08

Chapter 4 Effect of Operation Flood in Kerala 09

a) Diary Development before Operation Flood 09

b) Diary Development during Operation Flood 12

Chapter 5 Milk A Major Diary Products 14

a) Importance of Milk 14

b) Indian Market of Milk Industry 15

c) Physical Properties of Milk 17

Chapter 6 Strength of Indian Diary Industry 18

a) Marching Towards Growth and Development 18

b)Role of Diary and Food Processing Industries in

promoting Economic Growth in India20

Chapter 7 Weakness of Indian Diary Industry 21

a) ThreatsThreats 21

b) Technological Gaps 21

c)New Challenges of Globalisation and Trade

Liberalisation 22

Chapter 8 Conclusion 24

ANNEXURE

Annexure References 27

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Development is essentially a process of change from autonomous

status to organized optimal change. The people trapped in illiteracy and

poverty suffering from extremes of material and social deprivation tend to

lose impulses of awareness and motivation and this deprivation makes

them weak, isolated, vulnerable and powerless. The cooperatives play an

important role in influencing these people towards social and economic

change in terms of adoption of innovations. In this process the cooperatives

assist people to move from the existing to the desirable and better.

Cooperatives offer unlimited possibilities of people's participation in

economic resurgence. Co-operation as a thought and system has found

acceptance under all political and economic systems, the world over.

Milk is an inevitable part of a balanced diet. A large section of the

population in India is vegetarians and therefore the importance of milk is

much greater. According to the Nutrition Advisory Committee of Indian

Council of Medical research a balanced diet of an Indian adult should

include 10 ounces of milk per day. The daily per capita availability of milk

in the country is less than half of the requirements. Central and State

Government are taking concerted efforts to increase milk production in the

country.

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Chapter 2

INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY

Dairy is a place where handling of milk and milk products is done and

technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical

purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy

science, which deals with the processing of milk and the manufacture of

milk products on an industrial scale.

In India, dairying has been practiced as a rural cottage industry since

the remote past. Semi-commercial dairying started with the establishment

of military dairy farms and co-operative milk unions throughout the

country towards the end of the nineteenth century.

The Indian Dairy Industry has made rapid progress since

Independence. A large number of modern milk plants and product factories

have since been established. These organized dairies have been

successfully engaged in the routine commercial production of pasteurized

bottled milk and various Western and Indian dairy products. With modern

knowledge of the protection of milk during transportation, it became

possible to locate dairies where land was less expensive and crops could be

grown more economically.

The growth of the dairy sector during the last three decades has also

been impressive, at more than five percent per annum; although the

country has emerged as the largest producer of milk3 only in the 90s. This

is not a small achievement when we consider the fact that dairying in India

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is largely a subsistence activity; farmers in general keep dairy animals in

proportion to their free crop residues as also the available family labour

with little or no purchased inputs and a minimum of marketed outputs. A

restrictive trade policy for milk products and the emergence of Amul type

cooperatives has changed dairy farming practices in the country. Farmers

have started receiving a favourable price for their milk, and the milk

production system, which was essentially a self-contained one is now being

transformed into a commercial proposition. The crossbred technology has

further augmented the viability of the dairy units by increasing the milk

production per animal. Subsequently milk production has increased at an

exponential rate while the benefits of an increase in milk production also

reached the consumers as is apparent from a relatively lower increase in the

price of milk. The favourable price environment for milk producers

however appears to have weakened during the 90s, a decline in the real

price of milk being noticed after the year 1992.

Chapter 3

DAIRY DEVELOPMENT

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a) Dairy developments in India

The vision and wisdom of a technocrat, the tenacity and commitment

of a group of Khaira farmers and the selfless dedication of a politician

worked wonders on the concept of cooperation in reality. And thus the saga

of Amul started catching the attention of those who are interested in

improving the agrarian economy of India. The impetus given by Amul in

growth and stability of dairy cooperatives and dairying as a whole in India

can be capsulated in the successful implementation of Operation Flood

Programmes.

The integrated approach of dairying adopted by Khaira District

Cooperative Milk Producers Union Ltd popularly known as Amul proved

to be a great success. The harnessing of milk production, procurement,

processing and marketing under the control of a Cooperative opened flood

gates of progress to the farmers in Khaira District. The ownership and

management of the Cooperatives gave them a total involvement which

yielded productive and profitable performance. Nothing succeeds like

success. And the success of Amul compelled other districts in Gujarat to

follow the same path to prosperity. The collective ownership and

management of dairies committed to the integrated approach saw the

genesis of a role model Anand Pattern Cooperative Society.

The immense success of the Anand Pattern in Gujarat won national

acclaim and none other than the Late Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Sastry

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viable self-sustaining dairy industry (ii) to create National Milk Grid

linking producers in rural areas to urban areas (iii) to set up a national

frozen semen center; develop vaccine production and step up design and

manufacture of dairy equipment.

b) Dairy developments in Kerala

Dairy activity has been a very popular economic activity among

the rural households of Kerala from time immemorial. Even though the

performance of agriculture as a whole indicates a somewhat stagnant

position the dairy sector in Kerala made spectacular progress during the

last three decades. The two most important facets of this growth phase

were the implementation off. Through the cross breeding programme the

milch herd became highly production oriented and is a matter of about

twenty seven years, cross breeds accounted for an estimated 75 percent of

all milch cattle in the State, the highest ration in the country. This helped

to increase production and productivity.

Chapter 4

EFFECT OF OPERATION FLOOD IN KERALA

a) Dairy developments before Operation Flood

Organized dairy development in Kerala commenced in 1951 through

the Key Village Scheme (KVS). This scheme aimed at improving the

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genetic potential of cattle by crossbreeding local cattle with superior

indigenous breeds. The Department of Animal Husbandry was the

implementing agency of the KVS. This was followed in with the Key Farm

Scheme in 1952 and 1954. In 1955, crossbreeding with exotic breeds was

initiated. The Animal Husbandry Department, in 1963, started the Hill

Cattle Development Scheme. The Indo Swiss Project Kerala (ISPK), a

joint venture of the Government of India and Swiss Development

Corporation started in 1963 has played a major role in the genetic

improvement of the cattle of the State. The project located in Mattupetty on

the high ranges of Idukki aimed at developing a breed of dairy cattle suited

to the local conditions. Frozen semen technology for artificial insemination

was introduced for the first time in Asia through the ISPK. Fodder

development was another important component of the project. The

breeding policy for the Kerala Livestock Development & Milk Marketing

Board in 1976, with monopoly rights for frozen semen distribution in the

State.

During the Fourth plan, the Intensive Cattle Development Project

(ICDP) was launched in the state in 1968. ICDP aimed at enhancing milk

production through necessary technical and infrastructure support in the

rural areas and linking them with the urban dairies. ICDP had four

Regional Artificial Insemination Centers (RAICs) at Alwaye, Vaikom,

Mavelikara, and Kanjirapally with 25 subcenters under each. Superior

quality bulls mostly of the Jersey breed (and later, Murrah buffaloes also)

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were kept at the three RAICS for semen collection. Two more 81 CDOS

covering the whole of the State.

Meanwhile, the Dairy Development Department, which was formed

in 1962, understood a state-level crossbreeding program in 1972 using

Chilled Milk Extended Semen. About 950 AI centers were opened in 721

panchayats and trained matriculate youth were deployed to deliver the

service at the farmers doorstep for the first time. These centers which were

reportedly doing over five lakhs insemination annually remained fully

functional till 1981 after which they were mostly phased out and replaced

with ICDP sub-centers. The adoption of AI spread dramatically through the

seventies and eighties because of the Kerala farmer and the urgent need to

enhance animal productivity on the face of rising input costs. As cattle

composition changed in favour of crossbreeds, milk production too

increased considerably.

In the case of milk marketing in Kerala, it was largely localized before

the crossbreeding revolution. Neighborhood and local tea-shop were the

main buyers of the marketable surplus (which itself was limited due to low

yields). But organized milk selling had started in the pre- Independence

days itself with the formation of village level milk co-operatives. The first

such society was formed in 1934 at Thirumala in Trivandrum. The First

Co-operative Milk Supply Union was established in Calicut in 1939, an

apex marketing organization of village societies set up to sell milk in the

city. Until 1962, 150 such societies were formed in the State. The

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formation and control of these societies were till then, vested with the Co-

operative Department.

The Dairy Development Department was formed by separating the

dairy development functions of the Cop-operative Department with the

purpose of speedy and focused implementation of the schemes under the

five year Plans, mainly the City Milk Supply Scheme. This sought to

supply good quality milk to the urban centers. The surplus milk from the

societies was collected, bottled and sold in the towns and cities. Most of

these unions were later dissolved and their marketing activities taken over

the Department due to corruption, mismanagement and liquidity problems.

The Department undertook the processing and marketing functions even as

it continued the formation of the village level co-operative until 1981,

when of was launched.

The first dairy plant in the State was commissioned at Trivandrum in

1961 by the Co-operative with a capacity of 6,000 liters per day and was

later hundred over to the District Milk Union. Similar plants were set up in

other district centers as well. 18 chilling centers were also set up for

effective link-up. In 1976, the Kerala Livestock Development and Milk

Marketing Board was formed.

b) Dairy development during operation Flood

The largest dairy development project in the world was

launched in the year 1970 in the important milk sheds of the country. South

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and Central Kerala was brought under the ambit of OF in the second phase

of the project following the signing of a memorandum of understanding

between the Government of Kerala and the Indian Dairy Corporation, the

national implementing agency in 1973. The Kerala Co-operative Milk

Marketing Federation Ltd (KCMMF) was registered in February, 1980,

under the Kerala Co-operative Societies Act, to implement the OF program

in Kerala.

The major responsibilities assigned to the KCMMF were the

formation of procurement network comprising village level milk

producers co-operatives and the expansion of the processing capacity. The

existing processing facilities were being run by the KLD&MM Board,

which owned the Brand name MILMA. In 1983 the Government ordered

the transfer of the milk processing and marketing functions of the

KLD&MM Board (the name subsequently changed to KLD Board) to

KCMMF along with the brand name. In 1985 Regional Milk Unions were

establish in Trivandrum and Ernakulam to make the co-operative structure

fully compatible with the Anand model.

The first integrated dairy development project, of, aimed at

establishing infrastructure that would facilitate sustainable development of

the sector. For this purpose the project addressed simultaneously all the

critical areas, namely, milk production, procurement, processing and

marketing. In the case of Kerala, major advances had already been made in

the area of animal production by the time project arrived and, therefore, the

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thrust areas of in the State were procurement, processing and marketing.

First of all, an extensive procurement network was created, by forming

hundreds of village level producer co-operatives. The network of co-

operative would also serve as a channel for the dissemination of inputs for

milk production. Side by side, new processing facilities were wet up at

different locations to handle all the milk that would be procured. A

formidable milk distribution system gave producers direct access to

consumption centers and urban consumers a reliable source of wholesome

milk.

Chapter 5

MILK A MAJOR DIARY PRODUCT

a) Importance of milk

Milk is an ancient as mankind itself. Milk may be defined as "the

normal secretion of the mammary of glands of mammals". All species of

mammals from man to whales produces milk as a food for their infant.

Nature designed milk as a food for their young.

Thousands of years ago man kind learned the possibilities of milk and

milk products as a food. Accordingly through selection and breeding, man

has greatly increased, the milk producing function of those animals best

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adapted as a source of milk for man, especially the cow and the goat. Other

animals used as a source of milk for human food are the buffalo, sheep and

camel. The milk of different species, although containing the same

constituents in general, varies in composition and properties in minor

ways. In Europe and America 'cow' is the most important source of milk3.

The term milk always will be understood as referring to the milk of cows.

Milk is a dietary item. It is a complete balanced food. The high biological

value of milk protein is an advantage not only for infants but also for

adults. Milk from domestic animals and milk produced by human are an

excellent food for human beings. The energy value of both human's and

animal milk is similar but varies in its mineral and vitamin contents. It is

not only an excellent food but also complements all other diets. It is

valuable for growing children, convalescing adults, pregnant and lactating

women and for older people. It can be used for making several milk

products.

b) IndianMarket ofMilkIndustry

Beginning in organized milk handling was made in India with the

establishment of Military Dairy Farms.

Handling of milk in Co-operative Milk Unions established all

over the country on a small scale in the early stages.

Long distance refrigerated rail-transport of milk from Anand toBombay since 1945

Pasteurization and bottling of milk on a large scale for

organized distribution was started at Aarey (1950), Calcutta

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(Haringhata, 1959), Delhi (1959), Worli (1961), Madras (1963)

etc.

Establishment of Milk Plants under the Five-Year Plans for

Dairy Development all over India. These were taken up withthe dual object of increasing the national level of milk

consumption and ensuing better returns to the primary milk

producer. Their main aim was to produce more, better andcheaper milk.

Established in 1948, Indian Dairy Association (IDA) is the apex

body of the dairy industry in India. The members are from the

cooperatives, MNCs, corporate bodies, private institutions, educational

institutions, government and public sector units. IDA functions very

closely with the dairy producers, professionals & planners, scientists &

educationists, institutions and organisations associated with the

development of dairying in India.

The IDA since has a history of around six decades now, it has had

the privilege of being headed by several Presidents and some of them were

of national and international fame. The luminaries like Sardar Datar Singh,

Dr. K.C. Sen, Dr. Z.R. Kothawalla, Dr. D.N. Khurody, Dr. V. Kurien, Dr.

P. Bhattacharya were the past presidents of the IDA.

IDA has been providing a common forum to knit the dairy fraternity

together and thus, over the years, it has emerged as the reigning czarina of

information. The Association is managed by an apex policy making body

called the Central Executive Committee (CEC). The CEC is headed by

President and supported by two Vice-Presidents and 19 Executive

Committee Members.

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The ongoing CEC is spearheaded under the dynamic leadership of

Dr. N.R. Bhasin, IDA has emerged as a platform for assimilation and

dissemination of knowledge, as an important tool for policy making in the

dairy sector, in India! Besides, the IDA, in the recent time, has also

succeeded to focus itself at the national and international fora.

The IDA organises seminars, symposia and exhibitions on a wide

range of topics catering to various segments of professionals, scientists,

institutions and organisations associated with the development of dairying

in India.

The IDA's Head Quarter is in Delhi and the zonal branches are in

Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai and Delhi. It has State Chapters at Gujarat

(Anand), Kerala (Thrissur) and Rajasthan (Jaipur).

c) Physical Properties of Milk

Acidity :

Milk has a pH of about 6.5 to 6.7. The salts of the minerals calcium,

phosphorus, sodium and potassium help to maintain this pH level.

Viscosity :

The viscosity of milk is affected by temperature, amount and nature of

dispersion of protein and fat, acidity and the effects of various enzymes

and bacteria. Homogenization increases the viscosity of milk.

Freezing Point :

The freezing point of milk is 0.55 C.

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Boiling Point :

Milk boils at 100.2 C.

d) Milk and Milk Products

Khoa

Cream

Butter

Ghee

Paneer

Cheese

Curd

Yoghurt Sambharam

Lassi

Peda

Ice Cream

Chapter 6

STRENGTH OF INDIAN DIARY INDUSTRY

a) Marching Towards Growth and Development

India has a huge livestock population and ranks high in world trade of

livestock products. Dairy production accounts for 70% of the livestock

produce. The growing demand opens up avenues for Indian farmers'

incomes.

India holds a significant position in bovine population among the

nations of the world. However, although India has an appreciable livestock

wealth, she ranks very low in the international trade of livestock products.

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Within the recent and concerted efforts made by the government to

liberalize and open up the domestic economy to the world market, India's

export trade of livestock products obtained newer heights.

The just started dairy industry in India accompanied with the

introduction of corporate sector again, due to the liberalized policies of the

government, boosts the functioning of the National Dairy Development

Board to establish a white revolution.

If India is capable of exploiting her potential up to the mark in the

livestock sector she can become one of the leading exporter of livestock

products and generate surplus of these commodities. She would also rank

as a competitive member in the world market.

In the FY'04 the total production of milk and dairy products was

worth Rs1600 billion and the traditional dairy products accounted for

Rs990 billion. While the organized sector's share was about Rs230 billion

the unorganized sector accounts for more than 50% of all milk and dairy

products. The co-operative sector has an installed capacity of 60%.

After conducting an intensive profiling of the livestock industry in

India, NCOS in its recently published market research report named

"Indian Livestock Industry - An Industry Analysis" says that the dairy

production accounts for about 70% of the total livestock produce. The

report also predicts a triple rise in the demand for livestock products in

developing countries in the next two decades. This would open

opportunities to farmers to increase their incomes.

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On the basis of surveys in all the 29 states and 6 union territories of

the country the report announces that Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar

Pradesh, Gujarat and the north eastern states are regions with maximum

livestock population.

The report analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing this

industry, a key one being disaggregated and unorganized form of activity

in the livestock industry. It includes an extensively conducted study of

various government organizations targeting development and support of

the Indian livestock industry.

b) Role of Diary and Food Processing Industries in promoting

Economic Growth in India

India is supplying its food and diary resources for satisfying the need

of the world.

41% of Mango 36% of Green Peas

30% of Cauliflower 28% of Tea

24% of Cashewnuts 23% of Bananas

14% of Milk 10% of Onion

In the field of Diary sector the GDP is exceeding Rs. 100,000 crores.

India is the largest milk producing country in the world with a record level

of 94 MT, it is the 14 per cent of worlds and 57 per cent of Asias

production. It is gradually increasing in the rate of 5 per cent.

India is the largest milk producer in the world. From being a milk

impoverished nation to the top producer has been an arduous and almost

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miraculous climb. This of course must be attributed in great measure to

Operation Flood and the historic Co-operative movement. Yet, it must be

observed that the industry has failed to build on this bedrock and reach the

paradigms set by the world milk majors. The dairy sector is the

predominant component in the overall livestock

activity in the country. Milk production has increased from 72.12

million metric tonnes in 1997-98 to 88.08 million metric tonnes in 2003-04

(Fig 3.1) representing a compound annual growth (CAGR) of 3.37% p.a.

Over the last one and a half decade the contribution of milk from India to

the total world milk production has also increased from 9.9 % to 14.5%.

Chapter 7

WEAKNESS OF INDIAN DIARY INDUSTRY

a) Threats

The milk vendors in the country are seems to be an

unorganized sector in the country

The dumping of subsidized imported milk products

Fat Content and Cardiovascular Disease

Milk Proteins and Diabetes

b)Technological Gaps

Several areas of the dairy industry can be strengthened by the

introduction of state-of-the art technologies from overseas. Those who

bring in new technological or sign joint ventures with foreign companies

stand to benefit the most. To make the best out of the present situation, the

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private sector companies/firms have, despite MMPO, established dairy

factories in the country. The share of the total milk processing capacity by

private sector is 44% of total installed capacity of 73 MLPD (Million

Litres Per Day) in the country. Therefore, the total share of the organized

sector, both cooperatives as well as the private sector is barely 12%. What

is, therefore, disquieting is that as much as 88% share of the total milk

production is commanded by the unorganized sector - who specializes in

selling sub-standard, un pasteurised milk more often than not adulterated

with harmful chemicals. Besides, growth in milk production is likely to

continue at the present rate of 4.4% in the near future. Who is going to

handle this incremental milk? We must bear in mind is both income and

price what we must bear in mind both income & price elasticity account

for approximately 15% of the total expenditure of food. Demand for milk,

at current rate of income growth is estimated to grow at 7% per annum.

Interestingly, demand for milk is expected to grow steadily over the next

two decades as the low income rural and urban families who have higher

expenditure elasticity would also increase their income due to new

economic environment. Let us now look at some other economic

indicators. According to the World Bank, India is the fourth largest

economy in the world going by the purchasing power parity estimates.

Further, India has been identified as among the first 10 emerging markets

in the world. India has the vastest domestic market in the world with over

one billion consumers - a majority of whom are vegetarians with drinking

of milk as habit. The untapped potential of the dairy sector is immense and

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opportunity to set up a new dairy venture is great. In the works of Dr.

Amrita Patel, Chairperson, NDDB, there is enough place under the scheme

for both private and cooperative sectors. Notwithstanding the above

potential it is cautioned that, entering dairy sector is not going to be a

cakewalk.

Chapter 8

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Globalization and Liberalization are the Mantras of the new economyGlobalization and Liberalization are the Mantras of the new economy

today, which is now on the fast track. Industrial production is rapidlytoday, which is now on the fast track. Industrial production is rapidly

moving forward. The dairy industry is no exception. With the World Trademoving forward. The dairy industry is no exception. With the World Trade

Organization (WTO) coming into effect, from 01 April 2001 and theOrganization (WTO) coming into effect, from 01 April 2001 and the

imports and exports getting liberalized in the global economy, the dairyimports and exports getting liberalized in the global economy, the dairy

industry, which includes dairy products, faces both an opportunity forindustry, which includes dairy products, faces both an opportunity for

growth as well as a threat for its growth. There is no doubt that there isgrowth as well as a threat for its growth. There is no doubt that there is

tremendous scope for the growth of the dairy industry in the newtremendous scope for the growth of the dairy industry in the new

millennium. The product mix of world dairy trade is likely to shift furthermillennium. The product mix of world dairy trade is likely to shift further

towards cheese. This has been developed in the world markets. As thetowards cheese. This has been developed in the world markets. As the

market opens up, consumption trends associated with these markets willmarket opens up, consumption trends associated with these markets will

have increasing influence on the world trade. Whole milk powder is likelyhave increasing influence on the world trade. Whole milk powder is likely

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to continue to be a substantial beneficiary and growth substantially in theto continue to be a substantial beneficiary and growth substantially in the

middle eastern countries.middle eastern countries.

As standards of living in the importing country rises, exportingAs standards of living in the importing country rises, exporting

countries will increasingly concentrate on whole milk powder and cheesecountries will increasingly concentrate on whole milk powder and cheese

with the assistance of butter and skimmed milk powder. There is vastwith the assistance of butter and skimmed milk powder. There is vast

potential for the export of dairy products, the cost of milk production inpotential for the export of dairy products, the cost of milk production in

India being the lowest. The major factor influencing production of byeIndia being the lowest. The major factor influencing production of bye

products is the newer uses that may be developed through R & D support.products is the newer uses that may be developed through R & D support.

Milk proteins are being utilized increasingly replacing animal andMilk proteins are being utilized increasingly replacing animal and

vegetable proteins in special bakery products and instant foods. Throughvegetable proteins in special bakery products and instant foods. Through

the application of membrane proven process, milk proteins isolates arethe application of membrane proven process, milk proteins isolates are

being produced. These are being utilized for ice milk mixes and other suchbeing produced. These are being utilized for ice milk mixes and other such

applications. Most of the dairy plants in the Government, Cooperatives andapplications. Most of the dairy plants in the Government, Cooperatives and

Private Sector produce almost similar dairy products like varieties of milk,Private Sector produce almost similar dairy products like varieties of milk,

butter ghee, skimmed milk powder and whole milk powder. There are 7butter ghee, skimmed milk powder and whole milk powder. There are 7

large-scale cheese manufacturers and 14 manufacturers are producinglarge-scale cheese manufacturers and 14 manufacturers are producing

infant foods and malted milks. There is immense scope for the broadeninginfant foods and malted milks. There is immense scope for the broadening

of the products range and some of the products, which are likely to haveof the products range and some of the products, which are likely to have

considerable demand in the coming decade, have been identified.considerable demand in the coming decade, have been identified.

The cheese market, presently valued at about Rs.80 crore is growingThe cheese market, presently valued at about Rs.80 crore is growing

at about 9% annually. There are more than thousand varieties of cheese,at about 9% annually. There are more than thousand varieties of cheese,

which have been listed out of which cheddar; mozzarella, gouda andwhich have been listed out of which cheddar; mozzarella, gouda and

processed cheeses are being manufactured in India. Pizza is becoming aprocessed cheeses are being manufactured in India. Pizza is becoming a

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ANNEXURE I

REFERENCES

1.1. www.indairyasso.orgwww.indairyasso.org

2.2. Gupta P.R. (1996) Dairy India 1997, an edited book (5th edition)

published in A-25, Priyadarshini Vihar, New Delhi-92.

3.3. Jha, Brajesh (2003) Indian Dairy in the Emerging Trade Order, an

unpublished report submitted to the Institute of Economic Growth,

Delhi 7.

4.4. Jain, D. K. (1992)Food Demand Analysis in India , an unpublishedthesis submitted to National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal,

India.

5.5. Konandreas, P. (1999) Next Round of Negotiations in Agriculture

with Special Reference to Dairy Sector. International Symposium on

International Prospects for Dairying in the Next WTO NegotiatingRound, held at Buenos Aires, Argentina, June 3-4, 1999.

6.6. Ratnam C. (1985) Short Run Supply Functions of Milk: A Note

Indian Jl. of AgriculturalEconomics

7.7. World Bank (1998) India: The Dairy Revolution (The impact ofDairy Development in India and theWorld Banks Contributions), by

Candler Wilfred and Nalini Kumar, World Bank OperationsEvaluation Department, The World Bank, Washington, D.C.

8.8. Indian Management, Various Issues The Journal of The All IndiaIndian Management, Various Issues The Journal of The All India Management Association.Management Association.

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9.9. The Hindu Speaks on Management The Hindu, Kasthuri & SonsThe Hindu Speaks on Management The Hindu, Kasthuri & Sons

Ltd., Chennai Edn. 1999.Ltd., Chennai Edn. 1999.

10.Various records and Annual reports of KCMMF Ltd.

11. www.Milma.Org.com.

12.www.wikkipedia.com

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diary sector by sarath sasikumar

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