dicom network roles –successful communication - products must play opposite roles receive images =...
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DICOM Network RolesDICOM Network Roles– Successful communication - products must play “opposite roles”
Receive images = Service Class Provider (SCP)
Send images = Service Class User (SCU)
Network roles are defined for all Network roles are defined for all DICOM FunctionsDICOM Functions
Network roles are defined for all Network roles are defined for all DICOM FunctionsDICOM Functions
Image SendImage SendImage SendImage Send
CT Image StorageCT Image StorageSOP Class (SCU)SOP Class (SCU)CT Image StorageCT Image StorageSOP Class (SCU)SOP Class (SCU)
CT Image StorageCT Image StorageSOP Class (SCP)SOP Class (SCP)CT Image StorageCT Image StorageSOP Class (SCP)SOP Class (SCP)
DICOM Conformance DICOM Conformance StatementStatementDICOM Conformance DICOM Conformance StatementStatement
– It is Required!
– It is a Public Document
– It Conveys a Product’s DICOM Functionality
– It is Based on DICOM Vocabulary
Abstract Syntaxes (SOP Classes), Transfer Syntaxes, SCU/SCP…..
– It is Used to Compare Connectivity
– It is most Often on the Web @ Vendor Site
– It Does Not Address All of an Application’s Capabilities, but should Address All of the Application’s DICOM ones
A Major Step Towards InteroperabilityA Major Step Towards Interoperability
Language and … dictionaryLanguage and … dictionary
128 bit inutili (non sempre)
DICM
“std” DICOM“std” DICOM
DICOMDICOM
(0008,0000) UL 424 # 4 IdentifyingGroupLength(0008,0020) DA [20070509] # 8 StudyDate(0008,0022) DA [20070509] # 8 AcquisitionDate(0008,0023) DA [20070509] # 8 ImageDate(0008,0030) TM [163853] # 6 StudyTime(0008,0032) TM [163933] # 6 AcquisitionTime (0008,0060) CS [CT] # 2 Modality(0008,0070) LO [Philips ] # 8 Manufacturer(0008,0080) LO [OSP S.CROCE CUNEO ] # 18 InstitutionName (0008,1040) LO [RADIOLOGIA] # 10 InstitutionalDepartmentName (0008,1090) LO [Brilliance 64 ] # 14 ManufacturerModelName (0010,0010) PN [TEST CTDI 16 CM HEAD^.] # 22 PatientName(0010,0020) LO [11111 ] # 6 PatientID(0010,0030) DA [20070509] # 8 PatientBirthDate(0010,0040) CS [O ] # 2 PatientSex(0018,0050) DS [0.5 ] # 6 SliceThickness(0018,0060) DS [120 ] # 4 KVP(0018,0090) DS [500 ] # 4 DataCollectionDiameter (0018,1030) LO [Encefalo Ax Testa ] # 22 ProtocolName(0018,1100) DS [500 ] # 4 ReconstructionDiameter(0018,1120) DS [0 ] # 2 GantryDetectorTilt (0018,1140) CS [CW] # 2 RotationDirection (0018,1150) IS [3000] # 4 ExposureTime(0018,1151) IS [30] # 2 XrayTubeCurrent(0018,5100) CS [HFS ] # 4 PatientPosition (0028,0030) DS [0.9765625\0.9765625 ] # 20 PixelSpacing
Images dimension:Images dimension:
Ammettendo che ogni voxel occupi 32 byte qual è lo spazio RAM necessario a simulare 40 cm di TAC di cui il seguente è parte dell’header DICOM di un’immagine?
circa 170 MBytecirca 2 Mbytecirca 670 Mbyte
Geant4-DICOM interface
Geant4-DICOM interface
Developed by L. Archambault, L. Beaulieu, V.-H. Tremblay (Univ. Laval and l'Hôtel-Dieu, Québec)
Donated to Geant4 for the common profit of the scientific community– under the condition that further improvements and developments are made publicly
available to the community
Released with Geant4 5.2, June 2003 in an extended example– by S. Guatelli mainly
Deeply revised in by Pedro Arce in 2007– Small improvements by S. Chauvie
Geant4 examples/extended/medical/DICOMGeant4 examples/extended/medical/DICOM
T. Aso & A.Kimura Ashikaga Institute of TechnologyT. Aso & A.Kimura Ashikaga Institute of Technology
From phantom to MCFrom phantom to MC
Rows,columns(#): 512 512PixelSpacing_X,Y(mm): 0.875 0.875 SliceTickness(mm): 5.0 SliceLocation(mm): 20.0
Header + DATA SETS
…cont……cont… #######################################
# Density Range Materials #--------------------------------------------------- # g/cm3 - #--------------------------------------------------- # [ 0.100 , 0.351 ] Lungs (inhale) # [ 0.351 , 0.800 ] Lungs (exhale) # [ 0.919 , 0.979 ] Adipose # ] 0.979 , 1.004 ] Breast # ] 1.004 , 1.043 ] Phantom # ] 1.043 , 1.109 ] Liver # ] 1.109 , 1.113 ] Muscle # ] 1.113 , 1.400 ] Trabecular Bone # [ 1.496 , 1.654 ] Dense Bone #######################################
ICRU 46
y = 995,06x - 1000,1
R2 = 0,9981
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
relative electronic density
CT number
3-D view
… and ends.… and ends.
The structureThe structure
From DICOM image to Geant4 geometry
From DICOM image to Geant4 geometry
Reading image information
Transformation of pixel data into densities
Association of densities to a list of corresponding materials
Defining the voxels– Geant4 parameterised
volumes– parameterisation function:
materialreverse engineering by S. Guatelli
Start reading DICOM filesStart reading DICOM files
Tranlsate TAGS with DICTTranlsate TAGS with DICT
Read the header and create the tagRead the header and create the tag
Implicit Endian Explicit VR, special casesImplicit Endian Explicit VR, special cases
Implicit Endian Explicit VR, other casesImplicit Endian Explicit VR, other cases
Implicit Endian Implicit VRImplicit Endian Implicit VR
Create .g4dcmCreate .g4dcm
Data.datData.dat
CT2Density.datCT2Density.dat
Write densityWrite density
Splitting materials in density intervals: In the class DicomDetectorConstruction, it is defined a density interval G4double densityDiff = 0.1;
Navigation….Navigation….
:
The 1D optimisation . It will be very slow because each time a track exits a voxel it has to loop to all other voxels to know which one it may enter
The 3D optimisation with G4SmartVoxel: a 3D grid is built, so that the location of voxels is fast, but it requires a lot of memory
Using G4NestedParameterisation. The search is done hierarchically in X, Y and Z. It is fast and does not require big memory
Using G4PhantomParameterisation/G4RegularNavigation: an special algorithm to navigate in regular voxelised geometries (see GEANT4 doc). This is the fastest way without any extra memory requirement (and it is the default in this example). It includes an option (default) to skip frontiers between voxels when they have the same material. When using this option at each step the energy is all deposited in the last voxel; for properly distribution of the dose (=energy/volume) the G4PSDoseDeposit_RegNav scorer can be used
MC Dose calculation in RadiotherapyHow accurate is the dose
calculation ?
Description of patients
Energy deposition
PhysicsGeometry
Validation studies
DICOM
Grazie per l’attenzione!