difference between turbines and hydropower generation in pakistan

8/19/2019 Difference between Turbines and Hydropower Generation in Pakistan

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/difference-between-turbines-and-hydropower-generation-in-pakistan 1/4



Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine.

Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine

Impulse turbine is mainlyconcerned with velocity head.

Reaction turbine is concerned withpressure head.

Newton’s second law governs theimpulse turbine.

Newton’s third law is implementation ofreaction turbine.

Water tight casing isn’t required atnecessary levels.

The casing of reaction turbine requires to be water filled.

High heads devices are employed at

impulse turbine.

Medium head or low head devices can

operate under the reaction turbine.Despite having high head, poweroutput is low.

Reaction Turbine gives the higher output with medium or low head.

Water can be made to strike bynumber of nozzles.

Whole circumference of runner is madeto dive in water.

Hydraulic efficiency is high. Relatively low hydraulic efficiency.

Since water jet doesn’t cover all the buckets so heavy maintenance isn’trequired.

Due to complete filling of water casing,reaction turbine needs excessivemaintenance.

Example is Pelton Wheel. Example is Francis and Kaplan Turbines.

Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine:

Francis Turbine Kaplan Turbine

Medium flow rate is required. Can operate under low flow rate. Works with medium head. Works with low head even.Regular generator can work easily. Heavy duty generator is needed.Runner vanes aren’t adjustable. Runner vanes can be adjusted.Generally number of vanes rangefrom 16-24.

Usually, number of vanes are as low as 3-8.



Pelton Wheel and Francis Turbine:

Pelton Wheel Francis Turbine

Water energy is available at highhead.

Works with low head.

Water casing isn’t filled. Water covers the whole internal section.

Lower efficiency. Higher efficiency.

Propeller and Kaplan Turbine:

Propeller Kaplan Turbine

Propeller is a single regulated. Kaplan Turbine double regulated.Single way control exists. Two way control exists.Pitch isn’t adjustable Adjustable pitch.



Power Stations in Pakistan:

This is a list of Power Stations inPakistan. Pakistan had a total installedpower generation capacity of almost 23GW in 2013. However, dependable or de-

rated capacity is in the range of 16 to 18

GW during the year, due to variety offactors, whereas demand for electricity is

increasing at an average annual rate ofeight per cent.

Operation Hydraulic Power Plants:

Name Turbine Used CapacityTarbela Power Plant Vertical Francis Turbine 3478 MWMangla Power Plant Vertical Francis Turbine 1000 MWGhazi Broth Power Plant Francis Turbine 1450 MWChashma Power Plant Kaplan Turbine 184 MW

Neelum Jhelum PowerPlant

Francis Turbine 969

Warsak Dam Vertical Francis Turbine 243 MWNandipur Power Plant Kaplan Vertical Shaft 425Chichoki Power Plant Kaplan Vertical Shaft 50 KWShadiwal Power Plant Kaplan Vertical Shaft 6.75 MWRasul Power Plant Kaplan Vertical Shaft 11 MW

On-going Hydraulic Power Plant:

Name Turbine Used CapacityDiamer Bhasha Dam Unknown 4500 MWDasu Dam Francis Turbine 4320 MWKeyal Khawar Dam Unknown 128 MW

Future Hydraulic Power Plants:

Name Turbine Used CapacityRenala Power Plant Kalpan Pit Type Turbine 4.4 MWChitral Hydel Plant Francis Horizontal Turbine 5 MWBunji Power Plant Francis Turbine 700 MW

Lower Palas ValleyPlant Pelton Wheel 665 MW

Lower Spat Gah Plant Pelton Wheel 495 MWThakot Power Plant Francis 4000 MWHarpo Power Plant Pelton Wheel 34.5 MWBasho Dam Pelton Horizontal 40 MWKarrum Tangi Dam Unknown 83.4 MWPhandar Pelton Horizontal 80 MW

difference between turbines and hydropower generation in pakistan

Documents