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PRESENTATION ON

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A Government is theorganization or agencythrough which a politicalunit exercises itsauthority, controls andadministers public policy,and directs and controlsthe actions of its

members or subjects.

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MONARCHY OLIGARCHY

DEMOCRACY ANARCHY COMMUNIST STATE

DESPOTISM

DICTATORSHIP MARITOCRACY

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o Monarchy is a type ofgovernment ruled by onesupreme power like King ormonarch, who is the head of

the state.

o It is probably the most oldestsystem of Government.

o The monarch has totalauthority over the governmentand his or her people. A cabinetof advisers may be assembledto assist the monarch, but they

cannot make major decisions.

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Some well known constitutional monarchies includethe Belgium, Cambodia, Spain, and Thailand. Famousabsolute monarchies include the Sultanates of Brunei

and Oman, the Kingdom of Bhutan, and Saudi Arabia.

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o Oligarchies are oftencontrolled by a fewpowerful political

families havingroyalty, wealth ormilitary powers.

o Most communiststates fit into thedefinition ofoligarchy.

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o A modern example of oligarchy could be seen in different regionsof Africa during the 20th century. e.g. South Africa and it is alsofound in countries like Kazakhstan, Switzerland etc.

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o A democracy is a form ofgovernment in which thepeople, either directly orindirectly, take part ingoverning.

o A modern democracy impliescertain rights for citizens:

right to elect government

through free and fair elections freedom of speech the rule of law human rights freedom of assembly

freedom from discrimination

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Democracy Indexas published in January, 2007. The palest blue countries geta score above 9.5 out of 10 (with Swedenbeing the most democratic countryat 9.88), while the black countries score below 2 (with North Koreabeing the

least democratic at 0.86).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index

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Anarchy may refer to:o Without government or

law.

o Absence of government; astate of lawlessness due tothe absence or inefficiencyof the supreme power;political disorder.

o A social state in which thereis no governing person orgroup of people, but eachindividual has absolute

liberty.

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* Icelandic Commonwealth (930 -1262, CE)

* Libertatia (late 1600s)* The Free Territory (January 1919

August 1921)* Shinmin Free Province (19291931)* Anarchist Catalonia, Spain, (July 21,1936 June 14, 1937)

* Anarchist Aragon (October 6, 1936

August 10, 1937)

* Freetown Christiania, Denmark,(September 26, 1971 2004)

* Somalia*Afghanistan

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o Aristocracy is a formof government inwhich a few of the

most prominentcitizens rule.

o It consists of peoplewho has the mostinfluence over societymaintained by elite,class, caste or family.

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A well cited example of aristocracy is Russia. In

Russia, more that 80% of that countrieswealth is in the hands of less than 20% of thepopulation.

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A communist state is asovereign state with a form ofgovernment characterized by

single-party rule or dominant-party rule of a communist party.

Communist states may haveseveral legal political parties,but the communist party isusually granted a special ordominant role in government.

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China , Cuba , Laos , Vietnam and North Korea arethe perfect examples of Communist State.

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o Despotism is a statewhere a singleindividual (the despot)

wields all the powerand authorityembodying the state,and everyone else is asubsidiary person.

o The Pharaoh of Egyptis exemplary of theclassical Despot.

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o A dictatorship isdefined as anautocratic form ofgovernment in whichthe government isruled by an individual,the dictator. If thatperson is a militaryofficer then it is calledMilitary Dictatorship.

o Among the mostextreme examples ofa dictatorship inrecent history wereNazi Germany and theSoviet Union.

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o Meritocracy is a system of agovernment or otherorganization whereinresponsibilities assigned toindividuals based upondemonstrated talent and ability(merit).

o In a meritocracy, societyrewards (via wealth, position,and social status) those whoshow talent and competence asdemonstrated by past actions

or by competition.

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o Pakistans government is recently ademocratic form of government elected by thepeople of Pakistan, but unfortunately Its notfully democratic as it still falls into the categoryof semi-democratic state.

o Pakistan went through many different phasesof government throughout its history. It also fitsinto a perfect example of Dictatorship.

First democratic era (1947-1958)

First military era (1958-1971)Second democratic era (1971-1977)Second military era (1977-1988)Third democratic era (1988-1999)Third military era (1999 - 2007)Fourth democratic era (2008- present)

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