different ways of looking at the world. different ways of looking at the world difficult to keep...
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Different Ways of Looking at the
World
Different Ways of Looking at the World
• Difficult to keep track of - social, political, economic characteristics of each country in the world
• ⁂ easier to group countries using common characteristics
• examples include:a) “First World”b) “Developing Nation”c) “North/South Split
Developed - Developing Countries
• Economic development used to group countries – not the only characteristic that determines development
• Popular because its simple• Criticism - imprecise - groups
too large• Not static - allows for countries
to move from undeveloped to developing
Developed and Developing
North - South
• Most developed nations located north of equator
• Most developing nations located south of the equator
• Some countries do not fit pattern - New Zealand, Argentina and Australia
• ⁂ terms Temperate and Tropical may be more accurate
North & South Split
First/Second/Third World
• 3 world model developed in 1950’s
• Based on development (economic) & on political alignment
• Countries like Cuba, China & Vietnam did not fit
• Had characteristics of 2nd World & some of 3rd world
First World - Third World
Five World • A compromise between accuracy and
simplicity• 3rd-5th Worlds describe developing
countries in different stages of development
• 2nd World countries disappeared (with fall of communism) - some moved to 1st world and others to 3rd-5th worlds
• No longer fits in a world increasingly influenced by the forces of globalization
Five Worlds
New Way of Grouping Countries
• Core/Periphery Country Classification
• Consider the degree to which each country is an active participant in a globalized world
Economic Development For Grouping Countries
• A community’s material wealth and trade
• Determined by such things as: per-captia GDP, ratio of cars to people, and per-capita electrical power capacity,
Social Characteristics For Grouping Countries
• Level of education, healthcare, life expectancy, and rate of infant mortality in a society
Political Characteristics For Grouping Countries
• Determined by whether country is democratic
• Level of corruption• Presence of functional and established
electoral system and rule of law• Freedom House rankings - measure
political rights and civil liberties• Rating 2-5 - considered free• Rating 6-10 - considered partly free• Rating 11-14 - considered not free
Globalized Core (Core)
• Countries that have contributed significantly to and benefited greatly from globalization
• Countries in this group are relatively wealthy, comfortable lifestyles, advanced economies
• Good healthcare, live in secure environment
• High degree of freedom, gov’ts are generally free of corruption
• Eg. Canada, US, Germany, Australia, UK
Measure of Global Involvement Canada Germany
Freedom House Rating 2 2
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) 4.7 4.1
GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$)
35 200 31 400
Visiting Tourists (% of population) 57.8 25.8
Oil Consumption (m3/person/year) 4.022 1.876
Human Development Index (HDI) 0.950 0.932
# of McDonalds Location (per million people)
35.2 13.2
Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) 8.5 8.0
Internet users (per 100 000) 60 966 42 702
Less Globalized Periphery (Periphery)
• Poorer than the “Core” countries• People have less personal security• Limited political freedom and civil liberties• Corruption is almost always a serious
problem• Eg. Bangladesh, Zambia, Congo, Kenya
In Between Countries
• Most countries are somewhere in between the core and periphery
• Makes more sense to divide the in between nations into 2 groups - lots of variation between these countries
Measure of Global Involvement
Canada Germany Bangladesh Zambia
Freedom House Rating 2 2 8 7
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000)
4.7 4.1 60.8 86.8
GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$)
35 200 31 400 2200 1000
Visiting Tourists (% of population)
57.8 25.8 0.033 0.066
Oil Consumption (m3/person/year)
4.022 1.876 0.530 0.407
Human Development Index (HDI)
0.950 0.932 0.530 0.407
# of McDonalds Location (per million people)
35.2 13.2 0 0
Corruption-Perception Index (CPI)
8.5 8.0 2.0 2.6
Internet users (per 100 000)
60 966 42 702 208 2051
Countries in Between
• Countries like Poland & Malaysia are generally members of the Core but are not at the same level as countries like Canada & Germany
• Not as wealthy, gov’t not as democratic• As years pass becoming more like Canada
and Germany • ⁂ need to divide “Core” into 2 groups• Old Core and New Core
Countries in Between
• Periphery can be divided into 2 groups as well
• Iran and Philippines are more advanced than countries like Bangladesh and Zambia
• With continued economic, social & political growth - have potential to join Core in future
• These countries can be called Near-Core Periphery (Periphery)
Countries in Between
• Countries like Bangladesh & Zambia it will take longer for these countries to become fully functioning members of the global world
• These countries are part of the Far Periphery
Measure of Global Involvement
Malaysia Poland Iran Philippines
Freedom House Rating 8 2 12 6
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000)
17.2 7.2 40.3 22.8
GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$)
12 700 14 100 8 900 5 000
Visiting Tourists (% of population)
64.4 39.9 2.4 2.6
Oil Consumption (m3/person/year)
1.224 0.672 1.276 0.222
Human Development Index (HDI)
0.805 0.862 0.746 0.763
# of McDonalds Location (per million people)
5.7 0.4 0 2.3
Corruption-Perception Index (CPI)
5.0 3.7 2.7 2.5
Internet users (per 10 000)
41 243 23 341 8096 5008
Grouping the World’s Nations
Grouping the World’s Nations