digital clock with visitor counter

DIGITAL CLOCK AND VISITOR COUNTER USING A MICROPROCESSOR OR MICROCONTROLLER [Type the document subtitle] The objective of this assignment is to design and construct a prototype for a Digital Clock and Visitor Counter using a low cost microprocessor or microcontroller. Mohamad Muddassir Ghoorun 12/24/2012

Mohamad Muddassir Ghoorun UC4F1110EEE APU

1. Introduction:

This project Digital Clock and Visitor Counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of

displaying the digital clock and visitors count. When somebody enters into the room then the

sensor at the entrance is triggered and the counter is incremented by one and when any one

leaves the room then the sensor at the exit is triggered and the counter is decremented by one.

Thus, the total number of persons inside the room can be calculated. The

microprocessor/microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors,

and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in RAM/ ROM.

2. Objectives:

The objective of this assignment is to design and construct a prototype for a Digital Clock and

Visitor Counter using a low cost microprocessor or microcontroller. The block diagram of such a

system is shown in Figure 1.


Figure 1: Block diagram of digital clock and visitor counter

3. Explanation of proposed system:

In order to progressively solve this assignment, the proposed system first is going to be

divided in two parts: First one being the clock part and the second one, the visitor counter.

Furthermore, two new enhancements is going to be made to the system for further

improvement. The clock is not only going to display only time in hours, minutes and seconds

but also the date, month and year 1 information which could also be changed in case. Also,

there is going to be an alarm system 2 which would be activated as soon as the number of

persons inside the room exceeds 10; This will act as an indication that no on shall enter the

room whenever the alarm is on.

1 Enhancement 1

2 Enhancement 2


3.1. Investigation on material/component selection

A. Microcontroller

(i) 8051 microcontroller:

A microcontroller is an economical computer built on a chip to carry out a specific task. The

most commonly used set of microcontrollers belong to the 8051 family. The 8051 can be

programmed in either embedded C programming or assembly depending on the user. The

block diagram of the 8051 is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2: Block diagram of 8051


(ii) AT89S52

AT89S52 is one of the family MCS-51/52 equipped with an internal 8 Kbyte Flash EPROM

(Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory), which allows memory to be reprogrammed.

It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller using Atmel high-density,

nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction

set and pin out. On-chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. This powerful microcontroller is suitable for

many embedded control applications.

Figure 3: AT89S052 Block Diagram


(iii) PIC 16F877A

The PIC 16F877A is one of the most popular PIC in the industry and it is both very powerful and

easy to use at the same time. PIC16F877A has inbuilt analog to digital converters unlike the

8051, more ROM and RAM amongst others and thus more appropriate to use for the proposed

model. Though not going to be used, PIC16F877A has other inbuilt features such as

capture/compare/PWM peripherals, 3 timers, 2 comparators, and a universal synchronous

asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART). The PIC can be programmed on MPLAB IDE and

design can easily be simulated and viewed on Proteus software. The programmer kit can be

brought and the embedded c program downloaded into the microchip using the SK40C and the

USB ICSP PIC programmer namely UIC00B. Both the block diagram and pin diagram of PIC

16F877A are available in figure 4and 5 respectively.

Figure 4: PIC16F877A block diagram


Figure 5: Pin diagram of PIC16F877A

As seen above some pins have dual or more than 2 functions. In order to use these functions,

refer to the datasheet attached in the appendix. This is mainly done through programming the

pins and enabling the other functions of that specific pin.

B. Liquid crystal display screen

In the recent years LCD, is finding in daily use replacing LED‟s which may be single, Seven

Segment or Multi Segment LED‟s because of declining pricing of LCD and ability to display

numbers, characters and graphics. Another advantage of LCD is the incorporation of refreshing

controller in the LCD for relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing LCD. LM 016L is a 16 * 2

character LCD. This means that it can display 16 characters on one line and that it has the

capacity to display on two different lines.


The LCD can be configured in two modes: parallel (8 bits) or nibble mode (4 bits). LCD

in 4 bits means that we are using only 4 lines of the data bus of a port of a microcontroller. We

can use it if the number of pins is limited to our application. However, in this project since we

have sufficient pins and are more towards speed of transmission of data to the LCD, we will

make use of the parallel mode. Each pin of the LCD screen is shown in the figure 6.

Figure 6: 16*2 LCD


The LCD command bits have been summarized in the table below:

Table 1: Command bit of LCD

C. Pushbutton:

The pushbutton has been used during simulation instead of infrared sensors to sense whether a

person comes in or goes out and is placed at the door. It works the same way as an infrared

sensor or an SPDT switch and the coding for all of them are similar. There are two ways of

connecting pushbuttons to a microcontroller/PIC. They are as shown in figure 7 and figure 8:


Figure 7: Pushbutton connected in pull down configuration

In the pull down configuration, microcontroller pin is connected to ground level through

a resistor (Logic 0). When the switch is pressed, microcontroller pin is connected to Vcc (logic

1). When switch is released, level goes back to level „0‟.

Figure 8: Pushbutton connected in pull up configuration

In the pull up configuration, microcontroller pin is connected to Vcc through a resistor

(Logic „1‟) before switch is pressed. When switch is pressed, it is connected to ground (logic

„0‟). When switch is released, level goes back to level „1‟.


D. DS1307 Real time clock (RTC)

The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a lowpower, full binary-coded decimal (BCD)

clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM chip as shown in figure 9. Address and data are

transferred serially through an I2C, bidirectional bus. The clock/calendar provides seconds,

minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is

automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year.

The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307

has a built-in power-sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the

backup supply. Timekeeping operation continues while the part operates from the backup supply.

Figure 9: DS1307 RTC


4. Simulation of each block of the system

Figure 10: Simulation part for clock (hour, minutes, and seconds) and enhancement 1 (Date, month, and year)

The DS1307 clock as can be seen from the simulation results is said to be operating in the 24

hour format. It is connected to the microcontroller through pins RC3 and RC4. Three switches

connected in the pull up configurations are connected to pins RC0, RC1, and RC2 respectively.

The first one to the left is to move the pointer across the hour minutes, seconds, date, month, and

year as we normally do on normal clock in houses. The second or middle switch is to increment

the value at which the pointer is pointing. In this way, we can change all the parameters

displayed on the LCD. Switch 3 and the other two LEDs connected to port A are optional and

have been added only in case of any further enhancement or for future purposes if one wants to

improve the system.


Figure 11: Welcoming message for visitor count part

Since putting all the design in one is going to be cumbersome due to the numerous amount of

wire lines and other components, the unused pins from the clock part has been noted down and

visitor count part has been thus designed using only the free pins as can be seen from figure 11.

The second LCD is connected to PORTD and the switches 1 and 2, act the same way as an

infrared sensor placed nect to the door to sense incoming or outgoing people. “Visitor count

part” starts with a welcoming message then starts to display the number of persons inside the

room furthermore, as said before for enhancement 2, an alarm circuit (simulated as LED) has

also been included in the design when the number of people inside the room is greater or equal to

10.


Figure 12: Visitor part initial stage

As can be seen from figure 12, when the system starts, the number of visitors is 0 and the alarm

circuit (simulated as LED) is off.

Figure 13: Someone enter the room

Whenever anyone enters the room, they pass through the infrared sensors which causes input at

switch 1 to go to 0 which is then fed to the PIC through pin RA4. As such, the number of visitors

is immediately incremented as displayed on the LCD as shown in figure 13. Also note that alarm

circuit (simulated as LED) remains in an off state as number of visitors is less than 10 persons.


Figure 14: Second person enters the room

If a second person enters the room, the previous count of the number of visitors is incremented to

2 and alarm circuit (simulated as LED) still remains in an off state.

Figure 14: Counting when someone leaves the room

When someone leaves the room, the infrared is again intercepted but this time at the exit door.

This causes pin RA5 to go low (0), and number of visitors count is immediately decremented and

displayed on the LCD as shown in figure 14.


Figure 15: System at visitor count of 10

When the number of visitors or people inside the room is greater or equal to 10, this triggers the

alarm circuit to go to state 1. The alarm circuit has been simulated as a LED and as seen from

figure 15 goes to logic level 1 which therefore confirm the successful implementation of the

second enhancement. This will in turn inform any person that the room is full and that they will

have to wait until one or more people leave the room.


5. System Flowchart

Figure 16: Flowchart for clock part


Figure 17: Flowchart for visitor counter part

6. Discussion

In such this project to design and construct a prototype for an automatic clock with a visitor

counter system using low cost microcontroller. It needs to have the understanding the idea of the

project and then arrange this idea in the form of agenda and working on implementing it on

sequential stages. The beginning of this project was by collecting the necessary information from

different resources that could help in the accomplishment of this project.


Hardware and software that this project needs to be done was the focusing topic. For the hard

ware part selecting weather microcontroller or microprocessor was the main issue. PIC16F877A

microcontroller was the suitable option for implementing it in the executing this project. This

microcontroller need it some other hardware to be working with in order to does it task. For

software part C language was the suitable option to be dealing with. That it is considered a high

level language so that it is easy to be understood comparing to the assembly language, which

classified as low level language. For other hard ware part infrared sensor (simulated as

pushbutton for better convenience of simulation process), and DS1307 RTC clock were not

problem in the selection process.

As for the enhancement part, two extra features were added to the design and was successfully

simulated:

Date, Month and Year

Alarm circuitry to inform that number of visitors is greater or equal to 10

Thus, the main objectives of this assignment have been accomplished along with more than one

enhancement done to the system. Personally speaking, this project can be made more

professional by making use of RFID technology instead of infrared sensors at the sides of the

entrance and exit doors. By doing so, we may be able to come up with an actual system which

might be able to be marketed and implemented in the industry if not done yet.

7. Conclusion

For this project automatic clock with a visitor counter system, the final results were

satisfactory and effective. Proteus software is one of the important factors for accomplish this

project. To have a licensed version of this software will be helpful for providing the whole

software library tools in order to simulate such this project and get an accrue result. Having

knowledge about the technologies related to any project that could be making is very


important factor. That could be done by joining different work shop that many companies are

providing it. In addition to that, having a contact with lectures or senior students of the

particular engineering field could be helpful too in the achievement of such a project.

The advantages that could be found for this project are low cost and easy to be used in

different application high quality of performance. For the disadvantages, it can be noted that

the visitor counter can be used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence

it cannot be used when two person cross simultaneously.

By enhancing this circuit by adding the possibility option of many persons can be cut the

sensor‟s rays, it can be implemented in useful applications. By modifying this circuit and

using two relays it can be achieved a task of opening and closing the door This project is also

useful to be work in medicine industry, at patient‟s rooms and surgery sections especially in

the emergency situation it is necessary to be able to be manage the number of persons who

should be present in the room.

REFERENCES


1. C Program for Clock part

//====================================================================

// Project description :Display time, day, date, month and year by using

// DS 1307 real time clock chip and LCD display.The

// time and calender can be changeed by pressing

//push button.

// include

//====================================================================

#include <pic.h>

#include "i2c.h"

#include "i2c_rtc.h"

//====================================================================

// configuration

//====================================================================

__CONFIG ( 0x3F32 );

//====================================================================

// define

//====================================================================

#definesw0 RC0

#define sw1 RC1

#define sw2 RC2

#definers RA0

#definee RA1

#defineled_yellow RA2

#define led_white RA3

#definelcd_data PORTB

#definesdata RC4 // SDA

#definetclk RC3 // SCL


//====================================================================

// global variable

//====================================================================

unsigned char step=0;

unsigned char store=0;

unsigned char clksec=0;

unsigned char clkmin=0;

unsigned char clkhrs=0;

unsigned char day=0;

unsigned char date=0;

unsigned char month=0;

unsigned char year=0;

unsigned char secondh=0;

unsigned char secondl=0;

unsigned char minutesh=0;

unsigned char minutesl=0;

unsigned char hourh=0;

unsigned char hourl=0;

unsigned char dateh=0;

unsigned char datel=0;

unsigned char monthh=0;

unsigned char monthl=0;

unsigned char yearh=0;

unsigned char yearl=0;

//====================================================================

// function prototype

//====================================================================


void delay(unsigned long data);

void send_config(unsigned char data);

void send_char(unsigned char data);

void e_pulse(void);

void lcd_goto(unsigned char data);

void lcd_clr(void);

void send_string(const char *s);

void send_dec(unsigned long data,unsigned char num_dig);

void writertc(void);

void readrtc(void); // Read RTC

//====================================================================

// main function

//====================================================================

void main(void)

{

i2c_initialize();

i2c_rtc_initialize();

unsigned char i;

ADCON1 = 0b00000110; //set all portA as digital I/O

TRISA = 0b00000000; //set all PORTA pin as OUTPUT

TRISB = 0b00000000; //set all PORTB pin as output

TRISC = 0b00011111; //set all PORTC pin as output

led_white=0; //led white off

led_yellow=0; //led yellow off

send_config(0b00000001); //clear display at lcd

send_config(0b00000010); //Lcd Return to home

send_config(0b00000110); //entry mode-cursor increase 1


send_config(0b00001100); //diplay on, cursor off and cursor blink off

send_config(0b00111000); //function

readrtc();

}

//====================================================================

// Write to RTC function

//====================================================================

void writertc(void)

{

led_yellow=0; //led yellow off

led_white=1; //led white on

while(sw0==0)continue; //waiting sw0 to

depress

// SET HOUR

===========================================================

while(sw0==1) //infinity loop if switch0 is

not pressed

{

if(sw1==1) //if switch 1 is not pressed

{

lcd_goto(0); //maintain current hour value on

LCD and make it blinking

send_dec(clkhrs,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(1);


send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(0);

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

if(sw1==0) //if switch 1 is

pressed

{

while(sw1==0)continue; //wait switch1 to

depress

if(clkhrs<=22)clkhrs++;

else clkhrs=0;

}

}

lcd_goto(0); //overwrite changed

hour value on LCD

send_dec(clkhrs,2);

while(sw0==0)continue; //wait switch 0 to be

depressed

// SET MINUTES

====================================================================

while(sw0==1) //infinity loop

if switch0 is not pressed

{


not pressed


{

lcd_goto(3); //maintain current minute

value on LCD and make it blinking

send_dec(clkmin,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(4);

send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(3);

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}


pressed

{


depress

if(clkmin<=58) clkmin++;

else clkmin=0;

}

}


minute value on LCD

send_dec(clkmin,2);


depressed

// SET SECONDS

===============================================================


while(sw0==1) //infinity loop if

switch0 is not pressed

{

if(sw1==1) //if switch 1 is not

pressed

{

lcd_goto(6); //maintain current minute


send_dec(clksec,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(7);

send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(6);

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}


pressed

{


depress

if(clksec<=58) clksec++;

else clksec=0;

}

}


second value on LCD


send_dec(clksec,2);


depressed

// SET DATE =========================================


not pressed

{


{

lcd_goto(20); //maintain current date value

on LCD and make it blinking

send_dec(date,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(21);

send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(20);

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}


pressed

{


depress

if(date<=30) date++;


else date=1;

}

}


date value on LCD

send_dec(date,2);


depressed

// SET MONTH ==========================================


not pressed

{


{

lcd_goto(23); //maintain current month


send_dec(month,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(24);

send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(23);

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}


pressed

{



depress

if(month<=11) month++;

else month=1;

}

}


month value on LCD

send_dec(month,2);


depressed

// SET YEAR

=====================================================================


not pressed

{


{

lcd_goto(26); //maintain current month


send_dec(year,2);

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(27);

send_char(' ');

lcd_goto(26);


send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}


pressed

{


depress

if(year<=99) year++;

else year=0;

}

}

lcd_goto(26); //overwrite changed year

value on LCD

send_dec(year,2);


depressed

// SET DAY

=====================================================================

while(sw0==1) //infinity loop if switch0 is not

pressed

{


{

if(day==7) //maintain current day value on LCD

and make it blinking


{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SUN");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==1)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("MON");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==2)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("TUE");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);


}

else if(day==3)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("WED");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==4)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("THU");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==5)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("FRI");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');


send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==6)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SAT");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

}

else //if

switch 1 is pressed

{

while(sw1==0)continue; //wait switch1

to depress

if(day>6) //if day

value greater than 11

{

day=1;

//change setday variable to 1

}

else

{

day+=1;

//increse day value by 1

}


}

}

if(sw1==0)

{

if(day==7)

//overwrite changed day value on LCD

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SUN");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==1)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("MON");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==2)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("TUE");


delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==3)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("WED");

}

else if(day==4)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("THU");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==5)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("FRI");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');


send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

else if(day==6)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SAT");

delay(10000);

lcd_goto(31);

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

send_char(' ');

delay(10000);

}

}


depressed

i2c_rtc_set_seconds(clksec); //send changed second

i2c_rtc_set_minutes(clkmin); //send changed minute

i2c_rtc_set_hours(clkhrs); //send changed hour

i2c_rtc_set_day(day); //send changed day

i2c_rtc_set_date(date); //send changed date

i2c_rtc_set_month(month); //send changed month

i2c_rtc_set_year(year); //send changed year

}

//====================================================================

// Read RTC function


void readrtc(void)

{

while(1)

{

led_yellow=1;

led_white=0;

if(sw0==0) //reset button

{

writertc(); //goto write

mode

}

else

{

clksec=uc_i2c_rtc_get_seconds(); //read

1 byte seconds

clkmin= uc_i2c_rtc_get_minutes();

//read 1 byte min

clkhrs=uc_i2c_rtc_get_hours();

//read 1 byte hrs

day=uc_i2c_rtc_get_day();

//read 1 byte day

date=uc_i2c_rtc_get_date();

//read 1 byte date

month=uc_i2c_rtc_get_month();

//read 1 byte month

year=uc_i2c_rtc_get_year();

//read 1 byte year

lcd_goto(0);

send_dec(clkhrs,2);


lcd_goto(2); //display ':'

send_char(0x3A);

lcd_goto(3);

send_dec(clkmin,2);

lcd_goto(5); //display ':'

send_char(0x3A);

lcd_goto(6);

send_dec(clksec,2);

if(day==7) // display day

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SUN");

}

else if(day==1)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("MON");

}

else if(day==2)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("TUE");

}

else if(day==3)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("WED");


}

else if(day==4)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("THU");

}

else if(day==5)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("FRI");

}

else if(day==6)

{

lcd_goto(31);

send_string("SAT");

}

lcd_goto(20); // display date

send_dec(date,2);

lcd_goto(22); //display '/'

send_char(0x2F);

lcd_goto(23); // display month

send_dec(month,2);

lcd_goto(25); // display '/'

send_char(0x2F);


lcd_goto(26); // display year

send_dec(year,2);

}

}

}

//====================================================================

// LCD functions

//====================================================================

void delay(unsigned long data)

{

for( ;data>0;data-=1);

}

void send_config(unsigned char data)

{

rs=0; //clear rs into

config mode

lcd_data=data;

delay(300);

e_pulse();

}

void send_char(unsigned char data)

{

rs=1; //set rs into

write mode

lcd_data=data;

delay(300);

e_pulse();

}


void e_pulse(void)

{

e=1;

delay(300);

e=0;

delay(300);

}

void lcd_goto(unsigned char data)

{

if(data<16)

{

send_config(0x80+data);

}

else

{

data=data-20;

send_config(0xc0+data);

}

}

void lcd_clr(void)

{

send_config(0x01);

delay(350);

}

void send_string(const char *s)

{

unsigned char i=0;

while (s && *s)send_char (*s++);

}

void send_dec(unsigned long data,unsigned char num_dig)

{


if(num_dig>=10)

{

data=data%10000000000;

send_char(data/1000000000+0x30);

}

if(num_dig>=9)

{

data=data%1000000000;


}

if(num_dig>=8)

{

data=data%100000000;


}

if(num_dig>=7)

{

data=data%10000000;


}

if(num_dig>=6)

{

data=data%1000000;


}

if(num_dig>=5)

{

data=data%100000;


}


if(num_dig>=4)

{

data=data%10000;


}

if(num_dig>=3)

{

data=data%1000;


}

if(num_dig>=2)

{

data=data%100;


}

if(num_dig>=1)

{

data=data%10;

send_char(data+0x30);

}

}

2. C program for visitor count part

//==================include=================================

#include<pic.h>

//===============configuration==============================

__CONFIG (0x3F32);


//===============define IO port=============================

#define lcd PORTD

#define RS RC5

#define E RC6

//==============FUNCTION PROTOTYPE=========================

void e_pulse(void);

void delay(unsigned short i);

void send_char(unsigned char data);

void configuration(unsigned char data);

void lcd_goto(unsigned char data);

void lcd_clr(void);

void dis_num(unsigned long data);

void increment(unsigned long data);

int visitor ();

int visitorless();

int count=0;

//====================MAIN================================

void main(void)

{

TRISA = 0b11111111; //Set pin RA1 to RA4 as input for

press button switch

TRISC=0b00000000; //configure PORTC as output

TRISD= 0b00000000;

int xx;

PORTA=0;

PORTB=0;


PORTC=0;

while(1)

{

configuration(0b00000001); //clear display at lcd

configuration(0b00000010); //Lcd Return to home

configuration(0b00000110); //entry mode-cursor increase 1

configuration(0b00001100); //diplay on, cursor off and cursor blink off

configuration(0b00111000); //function set

lcd_goto(0); //cursor start from beginning

//display character on LCD

send_char('#');send_char('W'); send_char('E'); send_char('L'); send_char('C');

send_char('O');send_char('M'); send_char('E'); send_char(' '); send_char('S');

send_char('I'); send_char('R'); send_char('#');

//====================================================================

while(1) //infinity loop

{

lcd_goto(1);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

delay(1000000);

lcd_goto (0);


send_char('N');

send_char('0');

send_char(' ');

send_char('O');

send_char('f');

send_char(' ');

send_char('V');

send_char('i');

send_char('s');

send_char('i');

send_char('t');

send_char('o');

send_char('r');

send_char('s');

send_char('=');

xx= visitor();

lcd_goto (25);

dis_num (xx);

if (xx-10>=0){RC0=1;}

}

//====================================================================

}

}

//==================subroutine LCD setting

void configuration(unsigned char data)

{

RS=0;

lcd=data;


delay(500);

e_pulse();

}

//====================================================================

void e_pulse(void)

{

E=1;

delay(500);

E=0;

delay(500);

}

//====================================================================

void send_char(unsigned char data)

{

RS=1;

lcd=data;

delay(500);

e_pulse();

}

//====================================================================

void lcd_goto(unsigned char data)

{

if(data<16)

{

configuration(0x80+data);

}

else

{

data=data-20;

configuration(0xc0+data);


}

}

//====================================================================

void lcd_clr(void)

{

RS=0;

configuration(0x01);

delay(600);

}

//==================================================================

void dis_num(unsigned long data)

{

unsigned char hundred_thousand;

unsigned char ten_thousand;

unsigned char thousand;

unsigned char hundred;

unsigned char tenth;

hundred_thousand = data/100000;

data = data % 100000;

ten_thousand = data/10000;

data = data % 10000;

thousand = data / 1000;

data = data % 1000;

hundred = data / 100;

data = data % 100;

tenth = data / 10;

data = data % 10;

if(hundred_thousand>0)


{

send_char(hundred_thousand + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code

send_char(ten_thousand + 0x30);

send_char(thousand + 0x30);

send_char(hundred + 0x30);

send_char(tenth + 0x30);

send_char(data + 0x30);

}

else if(ten_thousand>0)

{

send_char(ten_thousand + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code

send_char(thousand + 0x30);




}

else if(thousand>0)

{

send_char(thousand + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code




}

else if(hundred>0)

{

send_char(hundred + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code



}

else if(tenth>0)


{

send_char(tenth + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code


}

else send_char(data + 0x30); //0x30 added to become ASCII code

}

//====================================================================

void increment(unsigned long data)

{

unsigned short j;

for(j=10;j>0;j--)

{ lcd_goto(32);

data=data+1;

dis_num(data);

delay(10000);

}

}

//==================subroutine DELAY===============================

void delay(unsigned short i)

{

for(;i>0;i--);

}

//==================================================================

int visitor ()

{

if (RA4==0)

{count++;}


return count;

}

//==================================================================

int visitorless()

{

if ( RA5==1)

{count--;

return count;

}

}

digital clock with visitor counter

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