digital tunneling

7/29/2019 Digital Tunneling

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Digital Tunneling

Prof. Hehua ZHU, Dr. Xiaojun LI

Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering

Tongji University, Shanghai, China


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Main Contents:

Introductions Research status

Contents of digital tunneling

Case studies

Conclusions


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1. Introductions


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1.1 Overview of digitization for tunnel engineering1.1 Overview of digitization for tunnel engineering Digitization for tunnel engineering (DTE) means an effective and specific

administration of data involved in exploration, design, construction, monitoring

and operation process, thus providing a common information platform for

construction, management, maintenance and hazard prevention of tunnel.

A digital museum could be established after the real tunnel is built, which

provides a digital tunnel corresponding to the real one for its whole lifetime.


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1.2 The purposes of DTE

In the design phase, 3D digital strata could be used to manage the strata

information, thus to provide rational suggestions of the tunnel design scheme.


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In the construction phase, retrieving the tunnel design information,

monitoring data and geological profile data quickly and efficiently could be

very beneficial to change the construction scheme which is the important keysto ensure the construction safety.


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In the tunnel maintenance phase, getting the data and information

in the design and construction process is vital to lower operation cost,

increase maintenance efficiency and improve the ability of hazard

prevention.


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2 Research status


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Marte Gutierrez et al. in Virginia Tech (2003) initiated a

research project AMADEUS (Adaptive Real-Time

Geologic Mapping, Analysis and Design of UndergroundSpace) which exploits new IT technologies such as digital

imaging, data management, visualization and computation

to improve analysis, design and construction of

underground excavations. An integrated relational databasefor tracking rock mass data during tunneling is reported

recently.

GEODATA company in Austria (2004)begins a project

CITYGRID whose objective is to develop a precise

mapping of whole cities in form of digital city-models.


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Kenichi Soga et al. in Univ. of Cambridge (2005)begins aresearch project Smart infrastructure. The main objectiveof the research is to develop generic wireless sensor

networks that allow sharing of equipment andcommunication tools for monitoring of multiple types ofinfrastructures including tunnels, bridges and water supplysystems etc.

Scucka Jiri et al. in Institute of Geonics, Czech Republic(2006) reported a image processing and analysis system onunderground working face photographs which could beused in geological investigation and geo-monitoring.

Myung Sagong et al. in Korea Railroad Research Institute(2006) developed a digital tunnel face mapping system(DiTFAMS) using PDA and wireless Network.


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3D geology model (Japan)

geology cross-section by manual

mapping and deduction


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Schematic diagram for drill holes

distribution of Kobe strata data

bank (4000 drill holes )

Geology cross-section

given by Kobe stratadata bank


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Reproduced 3D strata picture using existing

information of drill holes


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Beijing

Shanghai

ShengzhengTaipei

Build geology

engineering data

bank since 1990

Geology engineering

information system since

1993 and research project

of 3D digital engineering

geology since 1996

Research on integrated

data bank of

underground pipeline

research by municipal

mapping institute since

1999

Integrated planning for

Shanghai underground

spaces proposed in 2003

Data bank of information

of 100,000 drill holes

Code for basic information

of Urban geography

Geosciences data

bank since 1991

Hongkong


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Digital underground pipeline

Over 40 cities in China including Guangzhou, Tsingdao,Suzhou and Zhongshan etc. have developed 2D ground

pipeline network information system, and some of them aredeveloping 3D system.


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3 Contents of digital tunneling


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3.1 Research contents of digital tunneling3.1 Research contents of digital tunneling


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Data management for collecting and processing data inData management for collecting and processing data in

exploration, design, construction, monitoring process and etc.exploration, design, construction, monitoring process and etc.

Modeling of 3D strata, tunnel and their attachmentsModeling of 3D strata, tunnel and their attachments

Digital administration in tunnel designDigital administration in tunnel design

Digitization and tunnel constructionDigitization and tunnel construction

Digitization and tunnel monitoringDigitization and tunnel monitoring

Digitization and tunnel maintenanceDigitization and tunnel maintenance


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3.2 Database management

Data classification and codingData classification and coding Database modelDatabase model

Database implementationDatabase implementation


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3.2.1 Data classification and coding convention

A data organizing and classification scheme is providedA data organizing and classification scheme is provided

both from the viewpoint of geography survey, geologyboth from the viewpoint of geography survey, geologyinvestigation and the viewpoint of civil engineering. Seeinvestigation and the viewpoint of civil engineering. See

the figure in the next page.the figure in the next page.


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Digital Underground Space

and Project

Earth Surface (A)

Basic Geography

(B)

Terrain (A)

Geography (B)

Area geology(A)

Bedrock

geology(B)

Pipeline (A)

NATM tunnel(C)

Subway(D)

Quaternary period

geology(C)

Exploration(D)

Engineering

geology(C)

Prospecting(A)

In situ test(B)

Laboratory soil test

(C)

Result data(D)

Envionment

geology(E)

Hydrogeology

(D)

Underground

stucture(F)

Mine(B)

Shield tunnel(F)

Underground

structure design ...

Project

designing(1)

Project

constructing(2)

Project

Monitoring(3)

Projectdetecting(4)

Numerical

analyzing(5)

Project risk

evaluating(6)


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To better exchange the data and information andTo better exchange the data and information and

improve the efficiency of data utilization, the classificationimprove the efficiency of data utilization, the classification

is encoded into simple characters.is encoded into simple characters.

For example, the engineering geology is encoded asFor example, the engineering geology is encoded as CC,,

and the engineering geology investigation in its secondand the engineering geology investigation in its second

level is encoded aslevel is encoded as CACA; there are several methods in; there are several methods in

engineering geology investigation, such as the boreholeengineering geology investigation, such as the borehole

whose code was defined aswhose code was defined as CAACAA, and so on., and so on.


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3.2.2 Database model

The database is organized with the concept of object, which isThe database is organized with the concept of object, which is

accord with the data classification mentioned above. There areaccord with the data classification mentioned above. There are

many tables in the database which could be summarized asmany tables in the database which could be summarized asobject spatial information table and its attribute tables whichobject spatial information table and its attribute tables which

are linked together by an unique object ID.are linked together by an unique object ID.

Because the spatial information of object is always necessary,Because the spatial information of object is always necessary,

the spatial information table is fundamental, and the attributethe spatial information table is fundamental, and the attribute

information table is optional.information table is optional.

This kind of database model allows objects to be resided inThis kind of database model allows objects to be resided in

different databases, and it could be seen as a distributivedifferent databases, and it could be seen as a distributiveaccessing and storing scheme which enables the model to beaccessing and storing scheme which enables the model to be

applied in the situation when putting all data into one databaseapplied in the situation when putting all data into one database

is impossible.is impossible.


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3.2.3 Database implementation

The database could be implemented by a traditionalThe database could be implemented by a traditional

relation database system, such as Microsoft Access,relation database system, such as Microsoft Access,Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle etc.Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle etc.

In the database implementation, it is necessary toIn the database implementation, it is necessary to

introduce constraints such as primary key, unique key,introduce constraints such as primary key, unique key,foreign key in the designing of data table.foreign key in the designing of data table.


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Usually the information of an object is resided inUsually the information of an object is resided inseveral data tables. To simplify the data accessing processseveral data tables. To simplify the data accessing process

to the users, data of objects is accessed via a intermediateto the users, data of objects is accessed via a intermediate

tool which groups all the relevant data automatically.tool which groups all the relevant data automatically.

ObjectTable

Object NObject 1

Field

Field

ChildrenObjectTable 1

ChildrenObject 1

ChildrenObjectTable N

ChildrenObject N


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3.3 strata modeling

Based on borehole data, a triangular prism modelingBased on borehole data, a triangular prism modeling

method is used to reconstruct the strata. The main ideamethod is used to reconstruct the strata. The main idea

of this method is to connect all drill points by using 2Dof this method is to connect all drill points by using 2D

delaunaydelaunay triangular meshing according to the drilltriangular meshing according to the drill

position on the plane, and then extrude the trianglesposition on the plane, and then extrude the triangles

vertically to create the triangular prisms, thus the stratavertically to create the triangular prisms, thus the strata

entity is built.entity is built.

ij

k


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3.4 tunnel modeling

Tunnel modeling mainly involves the modeling of tunnelTunnel modeling mainly involves the modeling of tunnel

crosscross--section, planar curve and longitudinal curve ofsection, planar curve and longitudinal curve oftunnel axes, tunnel body and its accessory.tunnel axes, tunnel body and its accessory.

The modeling of NATM tunnel includes:The modeling of NATM tunnel includes:

modeling of tunnel crossmodeling of tunnel cross--sectionsection modeling of planar curve and longitudinal curvemodeling of planar curve and longitudinal curve

of tunnel axisof tunnel axis

modeling of tunnel body by extruding the crossmodeling of tunnel body by extruding the cross--

section along its axissection along its axis


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The modeling of shield tunnel includes:The modeling of shield tunnel includes:

modeling of the segmentsmodeling of the segments

modeling of planar curve and longitudinalmodeling of planar curve and longitudinal

curve of tunnel axiscurve of tunnel axis modeling of the assembling process of themodeling of the assembling process of the

segment ringsegment ring


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3.5 research still to be further carried on

tunnel parametric design and its optimization

digitization of tunnel construction

digitization of tunnel monitoring

digitization of tunnel maintenance and hazard prevention


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Currently, we are developing a remote tunneling monitoringCurrently, we are developing a remote tunneling monitoring

system and a tunnel health management system separately, and wesystem and a tunnel health management system separately, and weare going to integrate them into the digital tunneling system.are going to integrate them into the digital tunneling system.


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4 Case studies


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4.1 Engineering Case-13D strata modeling and application at Shanghai

Yangtse River tunnel

Strata modeling

Local drawing of the strata modeling


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03-132

Query of drill data

Query of strata


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Visualization dialog

Dynamic database edit


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4.2 Engineering Case-2

Digitization of Xiamen Xiangan subsea tunnel

The length of Xiamen Xiangan subsea tunnel is 6.05 kilometers, with 4.2

kilometers in the sea area. The tunnel is designed as a double direction six lanes

highway. This is the first subsea tunnel building in the mainland of China. TheBudget of this project is about 3.2 billion RMB and the construction time is limited

within four years.

Xiamen-Wutong

Xiangan


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88

Query of drill data includes elementary drill information,

whole strata description, drill strata description


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3D digital ground modeling of Xiamen Xiangan

sub-sea tunnel


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Tunnel modeling


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Query of tunnel construction data


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Query of tunnel design drawing 3D spatial query of design parameters;

Query of design drawings of arbitrary cross-section and

modification, management and summary of design drawings.


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Strata cutting including the tunnel entity


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Strata slice


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Strata cutting


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Strata cutting including the tunnel entity


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5 Conclusions


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(1) This article puts forward a conception ofdigitization for tunnel engineering and applies it inlargest shield tunnel in the world and the first sub-

sea tunnel in China. (2) Data classification, coding convention and the

database model are clearly defined, which provide

basis for digitization modeling, data query and datamanagement.

(3) Based on borehole data, a triangular prism

modeling method is used to reconstruct the strata.A tunnel modeling method is also put forwarded.


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(4) An information platform is developed, which

integrates the data of exploration, design,

construction, monitoring etc., and offers aninformation management and spatial analysis tool

for the engineering.

(5) Case studies show that the digitization fortunnel engineering is a very promising technology,

which could be used in many aspects of the tunnel

and other underground engineering.


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Thank you

digital tunneling

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