directorate of distance education integral university ... · subject name: information technology...

SubjectName:INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYWITHINTRODUCTIONTODBMS

SubjectCode:MCS101 PaperCode:ITI-DBMS/M

DirectorateofDistanceEducation

IntegralUniversity,Lucknow



(W.e.f.JULY2016Session)

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UNIT1BUSINESS PROCESSES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

FOUNDATIONS

UNIT2DOCUMENTING BUSINESS PROCESSES AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

UNIT3 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

UNIT4 E-BUSINESS

UNIT5BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

UNIT6 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

UNIT7 SYSTEMS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

UNIT8 IT GOVERNANCE

UNIT9 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

UNIT10 CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES

UNIT11 THE “ORDER-TO-CASH” PROCESS

UNIT12 THE “PURCHASE-TO-PAY” (PTOP) PROCESS

UNIT13 THE BUSINESS REPORTING (BR) PROCESS



INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYWITHINTRODUCTIONTODBMS

UNIT-1 BUSINESS PROCESSES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

FOUNDATIONS Introduction to Information Systems

Challenges and Opportunities for the Business Professional

Business Operations

What Is an Information System?

The Information System

Logical Components of a Business Process

Management Uses of Information

The Role of the Business Professional

Review Question

Further readings

UNIT-2 DOCUMENTING BUSINESS PROCESSES AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS Introduction

Reading Systems Documentation

Reading Systems Flowcharts

Reading Entity-Relationship Diagrams

Preparing Data Flow Diagrams

Preparing Systems Flowcharts

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-3 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Introduction

Event Data Processing

Transaction Processing Approach

Managing Data Files

Database Management Systems

Overcoming the Limitations of File Processing

Enabling Event-Driven Systems

Entity-Relationship (E-R) Modeling

Entities and Attributes

E-R Model Development

Mapping an E-R Diagram to a Relational DBMS

Review questions

Further Readings

UNIT-4 E-BUSINESS Introduction

The Changing World of Business Processing

Automating Manual Systems

Online Transaction Entry (OLTE)

Online Real-Time (OLRT) Processing

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

Advances in Electronic Processing and Communication

Digital Image Processing



Communication Networks

Stages of E-Business

Electronic Document Management

Electronic Data Interchange

Internet Commerce

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-5 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Introduction

Management Decision Making

Systems For Aiding Decision Makers

Business Intelligence Systems, OLAP, and Group Support Systems Knowledge Management

Gathering Knowledge with Groupware

Storing Knowledge in Data Warehouses

Intelligent Agents for Knowledge Retrieval

Creating A Knowledge Culture

Conclusions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-6 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Introduction

Definition and Objectives of Systems Development

Controlling the Systems Development Process

Project Management

Quality Assurance

Involvement in Systems Development

Business Process Reengineering

Change Management

Systems Survey

Triggering Systems Development

Gather Facts

Devise the Project Plan

Obtain Approvals

Structured Systems Analysis

Select the Best Alternative Physical System

Complete and Package the Systems Analysis Documentation

Conclusions

Internal Presentation

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-7 SYSTEMS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Introduction

Systems Selection

Software and Hardware Acquisition Alternatives



Software Acquisition Alternatives

Hardware Acquisition Alternatives

The Intermediate Steps in Systems Selection

Introduction to Structured Systems Design

Introduction to Systems Implementation

The Intermediate Steps in Systems Implementation

Test System

Obtain Approvals

Conduct Conversion

The Post-Implementation Review

Systems Maintenance

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-8 IT GOVERNANCE Why Do We Need Control?

Corporate Governance

Fraud and Its Relationship to Control

Defining Internal Control

A Working Definition of Internal Control

Ethical Considerations and the Control Environment

Business Process Control Goals and Control Plans

Control Goals of the Operations Process

Control Plans

Introduction to Pervasive Controls

Planning and Organization Domain

Acquisition and Implementation

Delivery and Support

Monitoring

Conclusions

UNIT-9 CONTROLLING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Introduction

The Control Framework

The Control Matrix

Steps in Preparing the Control Matrix

Control Plans for Data Entry without Master Data

System Description and Flowchart

Applying the Control Framework

Control Plans for Data Entry with Master Data

System Description and Flowchart



Conclusions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-10 CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES Introduction



Process Definition and Functions

Organizational Setting

Managing the M/S Process: Satisfying Customer Needs

Decision Making and Kinds of Decisions

Using Data Mining to Support Marketing

Mastering Global Markets with E-Business

Logical Description of the M/S Process

Logical Data Flow Diagrams

Physical Description of the M/S Process

Management Reporting

Application of the Control Framework

Control Goals

Conclusions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-11 THE “ORDER-TO-CASH” PROCESS Introduction


Managing the RC Process: Leveraging Cash Resources

CRM: Customer Self-Service Systems

Digital Image Processing Systems

Managing Cash Receipts

Logical Process Description

Logical Data Flow Diagrams

Logical Data Descriptions

Types of Billing Systems

Physical Process Description of the Billing Function

Selected Process Outputs

Application of the Control Framework for the Billing Function

Recommended Control Plans

Physical Process Description of the Cash Receipts Function

Recommended Control Plans

Conclusions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-12 THE “PURCHASE-TO-PAY” (PTOP) PROCESS Introduction

Process Definition and Functions


Goal Conflicts and Ambiguities in the Organization

Logical Process Description

Logical Data Descriptions

Technology Trends and Developments

Physical Process Description

Process Nature of inputs Updated master data

Conclusions



Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-13 THE BUSINESS REPORTING (BR) PROCESS Process Definition and Functions

Budgets and Financial Reporting

Horizontal and Vertical Information Flows

Logical System Description

Discussion and Illustration

The General Ledger Master Data

Limitations of the General Ledger Approach

Technology-Enabled Initiatives in Business Reporting

Enterprise System Financial Module Capability

Balanced Scorecard

Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence Systems for Aiding the Strategic Planner

Extensible business reporting language (xbrl)

Conclusions

Review Questions

Further Readings

Subject Name: MATHEMATICS FOR COMPUTER APPLICATION

Subject Code: MCS 102 Paper Code: MCA/M

DirectorateOfDistanceEducation

IntegralUniversity–Lucknow

SubjectName:MATHEMATICSFORCOMPUTERAPPLICATION

SubjectCode:MCS102 PaperCode:MSC/M

(W.E.FJULY2016SESSION)

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1. SETSANDRELATION

2. TRIGNOMETRICFUNCTION

3. BIONOMIALTHEOREMANDELEMENTARYMATHEMATICS

4. DETERMINANTS

5. INTRODUCTIONTOMATRICES

6. PROBABILITYANDSTATISTICS

7. MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY

8. INTRODUCTIONSTODIFFERENTIATIONANDINTEGRATION



MATHEMATICSFORCOMPUTERAPPLICATIONS

UNIT-1SETSANDRELATION

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. OperationOnSets4. TheNumberOfElementsInASet

5. OrderedPairs6. CartesianProduct7. Relation8. ChoiceProblem

9. Duality10. Functions

UNIT-2TRIGNOMETRICFUNCTION

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. PeriodicFunction-TrigonometricFunctions

4. InverseTrigonometricFunction

5. PropertiesOfTheTriangleUNIT-3BIONOMIALTHEOREMANDELEMENTARYMATHEMATICS

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. TheBionomialTheorem

4. MathematicalInduction

UNIT-4DETERMINANTSANDMATRICS

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. Determinants

4. SolutionOfTwoSimultaneousEquationByDeterminants

5. HigherOrderedDeterminants

6. PropertiesOfDeterminants

7. Carmer’sRuleForThreeLinearEquationsInThreeUnknowns

8. Matrices

9. ElementaryAlgrbraOfMatrices

10. TypesOfMatrices

11. LinearDependenceAndTheRankIdea12. InverseOfAMatrix

13. ApplicationOfMatricesToLinearSystems

UNIT-5PROBABILITYANDSTATISTICS

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. DefinitionOfStatistics4. CharacteristicsOfFunctionOfStatistics5. RoleOfStatisticsInVariousFields6. StatisticalInference7. LimitationOfStatistics

UNIT–6MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY

1. Introduction2. UnitObjectives3. Average4. ArithmeticMean



5. WhatIsWeighting?

6. WhenShouldWeightsBeUsed?

7. GeometricMean

8. HarmonicMean

9. QuadraticMeanOrTheRootMeanSquare

10. Median

11. Quartiles12. Mode

13. IsThereSuchAThingAsIdealAverage?14. LimitationOfMeasuresOfCentralTendency

UNIT–7INTRODUCTIONSTODIFFERENTIATIONANDINTEGRATION

1. Introduction2. Differentiation3. AlgebraOfDifferentiableFunction4. DifferentialCoefficientsOfStandardFunction5. ChainRuleOfDifferentiation6. InverseTrigonometricFunctionAndTheirDerivatives

7. Differentiation Of One Function With Respect To Another Function And The

SubstitutionMethod

8. Integration9. IndefiniteIntegral10. SomePropertiesOfIntegration

11. DefiniteIntegration12. MethodOfIntegration

13. MethodOfSubstitution

SubjectName:OperatingSystem

SubjectCode:MCS103 PaperCode:OS/M


IntegralUniversity-Lucknow

SubjectName:OperatingSystemSubjectCode:MCS103 PaperCode:OS/M

(W.E.F.July2016SESSION)

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1. INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM2. STRUCTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEM3. PROCESS MANAGEMENT4. CPU SCHEDULING

5 DEADLOCK6 MEMORY MANAGEMENT7 VIRTUAL MEMORY8 FILE SYSTEM

9 SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT10 I/O SYSTEM11 SYSTEM PROTECTION

12 SYSTEM SECURITY



OPERATINGSYSYEM

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

Introduction

What Operating System Do

User View

System View

Storage Structure

I/O Structure

Computer System

Architecture

Clustered System

Operating System Structure

Operating System Operation

Timer

Process management

Memory Management

File System Management

Caching

Review & Self Assessment Question

Further Readings

UNIT-2 STRUCTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Introduction

Operating System Services

Command Interpreter

Graphical User Interface

System Call

Device Management

Communication

System Programs

Mechanism and Policies

Operating System Structure

Virtual Machines


Further Readings

UNIT-3 PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Process

Process Concept

Process Control Block

Process Scheduling

Schedulers

Context Switch

Inter Process Communication

Shared Memory System

Message Passing System



Synchronization

Buffering


Further Readings

UNIT-4 CPU SCHEDULING

Introduction

CPU – I/O Burst Cycle

CPU Scheduler

Dispatcher

Scheduling Criteria

Multilevel Queue Scheduling

Process Affinity

Load Balancing

MultiCore Processes

Virtualization and Scheduling

Queuing Model

Simulation


Further Readings

UNIT-5 DEADLOCK

Introduction

System Model

Resource allocation Graph

Method for Handling Deadlock

Deadlock Prevention

Deadlock Avoidance

Resource Allocation Graph

Banker’s Algorithm

Resource request Algorithm

Deadlock Detection

Recovery From Deadlock


Further Readings

UNIT-6 MEMORY MANAGEMENT

Introduction

Background

Address Binding

Logical vs. Physical Address Space

Dynamic Loading

Swapping

Contiguous Memory Allocation

Memory Mapping and Protection

Memory Allocation



Fragmentation

Pages

Protection

Hierarchical Paging

Segmentation


Further Readings

UNIT-7 VIRTUAL MEMORY

Introduction

Background

Demand paging

Copy-on-write

Page Replacement

Page Buffering Algorithm

Thrashing

Memory Mapped I/O

Allocating Kernel Memory


Further Readings

UNIT-8 FILE SYSTEM

File System

File Concepts

File Attribute

File Types

File Structure

Access Methods

Direct Access

Direct and Disk Structure

General Graph Directory

File System Mounting

Client Server Model

Distributed Information System


Further Readings

UNIT-9 SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT

Introduction

Magnetic Disk

Magnetic Tape

Disk Structure

Host Attached Storage

Network Attached Storage

Disk Scheduling

Swap Space Management



Tapes


Further Readings

UNIT-10 I/O SYSTEM

Introduction

I/O hardware

Interrupts

Direct Memory Access

Application I/O Interface

Block and Character Device

Network Device

I/O Buffering

Caching

Spooling and Device Reservation

Error Handling

Kernel Data Structure


Further Readings

UNIT-12 SYSTEM PROTECTION

Introduction

Protection

Principle of Protection

Domain of Protection

Domain Structure

Lock –Key Mechanism


Further Readings

UNIT-12 SYSTEM SECURITY

Introduction

The Security Problem

Program Threads

Viruses

Worms

Port Scanning

Denial of Services

Cryptography

Encryption

Authentication

Password

One –time Password


Further Readings

SubjectName:DigitalCircuit&LogicDesign

SubjectCode:MCS-104 PaperCode:DCLD/M



SubjectName:DigitalCircuit&LogicDesignSubjectCode:MCS104 PaperCode:DCLD/M

(W.E.F.July2016Session)

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1. FROM ZERO TO ONE

2. COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN

3. SEQUENTIAL LOGIC DESIGN

4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES

5. DIGITAL BUILDING BLOCKS

6. ARCHITECTURE

7 MICROARCHITECTURE

8 MEMORY SYSTEMS



DIGITALCIRCUITANDLOGICDESIGN

UNIT-1 FROM ZERO TO ONE The Game Plan

The Art of Managing Complexity

The Digital Abstraction

4 Number Systems

Logic Gates

Beneath The Digital Abstraction

CMOS Transistors*

Power Consumption

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-2 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN Introduction

Boolean Equations

Boolean Algebra

From Logic to Gates

Multilevel Combinational Logic 2.6 X’s and Z’s, Oh My

Karnaugh Maps

Combinational Building Blocks

Timing

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-3 SEQUENTIAL LOGIC DESIGN Introduction

Latches and Flip-Flops

Synchronous Logic Design

Finite State Machines

Timing of Sequential Logic

Parallelism

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES Introduction

Combinational Logic

Structural Modelling

Sequential Logic

More Combinational Logic

Finite State Machines

Parameterized Modules*

Test benches

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-5 DIGITAL BUILDING BLOCKS Introduction



Arithmetic Circuits

Number Systems

Sequential Building Blocks

Memory Arrays

Logic Arrays

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-6 ARCHITECTURE Introduction

Assembly Language

Machine Language

Programming

Addressing Modes

Lights, Camera, Action: Compiling, Assembling, and Loading

Odds and Ends

Real World Perspective: IA-32 Architecture

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-7 MICROARCHITECTURE Introduction

Performance Analysis

Single-Cycle Processor

Multicycle Processor

Pipelined Processor

HDL Representation*

Exceptions*

Advanced

Microarchitecture*

Real-World Perspective:

IA-32 Microarchitecture*

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-8 MEMORY SYSTEMS Introduction

Memory System Performance Analysis

Caches

Virtual Memory

Memory-Mapped I/O*

Real-World Perspective: IA-32 Memory and I/O Systems*

Summary

Review Questions

Further Reading

SubjectName:ProgrammingInC

SubjectCode:MCS105 PaperCode:PC/M






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1. OVERVIEW

2. ENVIORNMENT SETUP

3. PROGRAM STRUCTURE

4. DATA TYPES

5. VARIABLES

6. CONSTANTS AND LITERALS

7 STORAGE CLASSES

8 OPERATORS

9 DECISION MAKING

10 LOOPS

11 FUNCTIONS

12 SCOPE RULES

13 ARRAYS

14 POINTERS

15 STRINGS

16 STRUCTURES

17 UNIONS

18 TYPEDEF



19INPUT AND OUTPUT

20 FILE I/O

21 PREPROCESSORS

22 HEADER FILES

23 TYPE CASTING

24 ERROR HANDLING

25 RECURSION



PROGRAMMINGINC

UNIT-1 OVERVIEW

Types of Computers

Organization of Computer:

Computer Main Memory:

Development of “C” (Introduction and history)

Complier

“C” Tokens

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-2 ENVIORNMENT SETUP

Try it Option Online

Local Environment Setup

Text Editor

The C Compiler

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-3 PROGRAM STRUCTURE

Hello World Example

Compile and Execute C Program

Tokens in C

Comments

Identifiers

Keywords

Whitespace in C

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-4 DATA TYPES

Data Types

Integer Types

Floating-Point Types

The void Type

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-5 VARIABLES

Variable

Variable Definition in C

Variable Declaration in C

L-values and R-values in C

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-6 CONSTANTS AND LITERALS

Constants

Integer Literals



Floating point Literals

Character Constants

String Literals

The const Keyword

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-7 STORAGE CLASSES

Storage Class

The auto Storage

The register Storage Class

The static Storage Class

The extern Storage Class

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-8 OPERATORS

Operator

Expression

Arithmetic Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Bitwise Operators

Assignment Operators

Misc Operators ↦ sizeof & ternary

Operators Precedence in C

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-9 DECISION MAKING

Decision Making

If Statement

if…else Statement

Nested if Statements

Switch Statement

The ? : Operator:

Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-10 LOOPS

Loop

For Loop

Do…while Loop

Nested Loops

Loop Control Statements

break Statement

Continue Statement

goto Statement

Review Question

Further Readings



UNIT-11 FUNCTIONS

Function

Defining a Function

Function Declarations

Calling a Function

Function Arguments

Call by Value

Call by Reference

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-12 SCOPE RULES

Local Variables

Global Variables

Formal Parameters

Initializing Local and Global Variables

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-13 ARRAYS

Introduction to Array

Declaring Arrays

Initializing Arrays

Accessing Array Elements

Arrays in Detail

Multidimensional Arrays

Two-dimensional Arrays

Initializing Two Dimensional Arrays

Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements

Passing Arrays to Functions

Return Array from a Function

Pointer to an Array

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-14 POINTERS

Pointer

How to Use Pointers?

NULL Pointers

Pointers in Detail

Pointer Arithmetic

Incrementing a Pointer

Decrementing a Pointer

Pointer Comparisons

Array of Pointers

Pointer to Pointer

Passing Pointers to Functions

Return Pointer from Functions

Review Questions



Further Readings

UNIT-15 STRINGS

Strings

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-16 STRUCTURES Structure

Defining a Structure

Accessing Structure Members

Structures as Function Argument

Pointers to Structures

Bit Fields

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-17 UNIONS

Union

Defining a Union

Accessing Union Members

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-18 TYPEDEF

Typedef

typedef vs #define

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-19 INPUT AND OUTPUT

The Standard Files

The getchar() and putchar()Functions

The gets() and puts() Functions

The scanf() and printf() Functions

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-20 FILE I/O

Introduction to file

Opening Files

Closing a File

Writing a File

Reading a File

Binary I/O Functions

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-21 PREPROCESSORS

Pre-Processor

Predefined Macros

Preprocessor Operators

The Macro Continuation (\) Operator



The Stringize (#)Operator

The Token Pasting (##) Operator

The Defined() Operator

Parameterized Macros

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-22 HEADER FILES

Header File

Include Syntax

Include Operation

Computed Includes

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-23 TYPE CASTING

Type Casting

Integer Promotion

Usual Arithmetic Conversion

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-24 ERROR HANDLING

Introduction to Error Handling

errno, perror() and strerror()

Divide by Zero Errors

Program Exit Status

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-25 RECURSION

Recursion

Review Question

Further Readings

SubjectName:ComputerNetworksSubjectCode:MCS201 PaperCode:CN/M





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1. COMPUTER NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

2. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

3. BANDWIDTH AND THROUGHPUT

4. NETWORKING

5. THE DATA-LINK LAYER

6. 802.11 LOCAL AREA WIRELESS NETWORKS

7 THE NETWORK LAYER (IP)

8 MORE ABOUT THE NETWORK LAYER

9 THE TRANSPORT LAYER (TCP & UDP)

10 THE DOMAIN NAME SERVICE (DNS)

11 PEER TO PEER NETWORKS

12 NETWORK SECURITY


COMPUTERNETWORKS

UNIT-1 COMPUTER NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Introduction

Computer Network Models

Computer Network Types

Transmission Technology

Analog Encoding of Digital Data

Digital Encoding of Digital Data

Multiplexing of Transmission Signal

Transmission Media

Wireless Communication

Network Topology

Network Connectivity and Protocol

Open System Interconnection Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Model

Connected Oriented Services

Connection less Services

Network Switching Services

Network Connecting Devices

Network Technologies


Further Readings

UNIT-2 ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Introduction to Architecture and Design

Network Architecture and Topology


Further Readings

UNIT-3 BANDWIDTH AND THROUGHPUT

Introduction

Bandwidth and Capacity


Multiplexing

Time Division Multiplexing

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Quality Services


Further Readings

UNIT-4 NETWORKING

Introduction to Networking

Protocols

Networking Layers

The function of Layers

Relationship between Protocols and Layers

A Packet Journey

Message Encapsulation

The OSI and TCP/IP Layers

Network and Internets


Further Readings

UNIT-5 THE DATA-LINK LAYER

Function of Data-Link Layer

Topologies

Data Transmission

Encoding

Error Detection

Framing

Reliable Transmission

802.3(Ethernet) Features

Ethernet Operation

Ethernet Cable Length


Ethernet Bridges


Further Readings

UNIT-6 802.11 LOCAL AREA WIRELESS NETWORKS

The 802.11 Standards

802.11Architecture

Connection between Wireless and Ethernet

Services and Protocol

802.11 Frame Formats

CSMA/CA and the Problems of Wireless MAC

The Basic DCF CSMA/CD Protocol

The RTS/CTS part of the DCF Protocol


Further Readings

UNIT-7 THE NETWORK LAYER (IP)

The Internet

IP Address

IP Packets

Forwarding Tables

Sending on an Ethernet : ARP

A Routing Simplification

Distance Vector Routing

The Algorithm

Broken Links


Further Readings

UNIT-8 MORE ABOUT THE NETWORK LAYER

Subnet and Subnet Routing

Subnet Address


Packet Forwarding with Subnets

The Backbone of the Internet

Routing on the Backbone of the Internet

How BGP-4 Works

Address Space Exhaustion

Classless Internet Domain Routing

Connection Sharing


Further Readings

UNIT-9 THE TRANSPORT LAYER (TCP & UDP)

The Function of the TCP Layer

End –to End – Communication: Ports

TCP Message Format

Streams in Packet

Packet Acknowledgement & Retransmission

Network Congestion


Further Readings

UNIT-10 THE DOMAIN NAME SERVICE (DNS)

Domain Name Service

Zones and Name Servers

Resolving a Name


Further Readings

UNIT-11 PEER TO PEER NETWORKS

Application Architecture

Instant Message System

File Sharing

Distributed Search


Finding and Maintaining Connections


Further Readings

UNIT-12 NETWORK SECURITY

Secret Key Concepts

Public/Private Key Encryption

Message Digests

Socket Secure Layer (SSL)

Firewall, Proxies and Masquerading

Encrypting Network Connections


Further Readings

SubjectName:ComputerOrganizationSubjectCode:MCS202 PaperCode:CO/M



SubjectName:ComputerOrganization

SubjectCode:MCS202 PaperCode:CO/M


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1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS

2 INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

4 COMPUTER ARITHMETIC

5 PROCESSING UNIT DESIGN

6 MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN I

7 MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN II

8 INPUT–OUTPUT DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION

9 PIPELINING DESIGN TECHNIQUES

10 REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTERS (RISCS)


COMPUTERORGANIZATION

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS Introduction

Historical background

Architectural development and styles

Technological development

Performance measures

Review questions

Further readings

UNIT-2 INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN Memory Locations and Operations

Addressing Modes

Immediate Mode

Direct (Absolute) Mode

Indirect Mode

Instruction Types

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING A Simple Machine

Instruction Mnemonics and Syntax

Assembler Directives and Commands

Assemblers

Data Structures

Linker and Loader

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-4 COMPUTER ARITHMETIC Number Systems

Radix Conversion Algorithm

Negative Integer Representation

Radix Complement

Diminished Radix Complement

Two’s Complement Arithmetic

Floating-Point Representation (Scientific Notation)

The IEEE Floating-Point Standard

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-5 PROCESSING UNIT DESIGN CPU Basics

Register Set

Memory Access Registers

Instruction Fetching Registers

Special-Purpose Address Registers


CPU Instruction Cycle

Control Unit

Micro-Programmed Control Unit

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-6 MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN I Introduction

Basic Concepts

Memory Hierarchy

Cache Memory

Impact of Temporal Locality

Cache-Mapping Function

Cache Memory Organization

Cache Write Policies

Real-Life Cache Organization Analysis

UNIT-7 MEMORY SYSTEM DESIGN II Main Memory

Virtual Memory

Direct Mapping

Translation Look-Aside Buffer (TLB)

Replacement Algorithms (Policies)

Segment Address Translation

Read-Only Memory

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-8 INPUT–OUTPUT DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION Introduction

Basic Concepts

Programmed I/O

Interrupt-Driven I/O

Interrupt Hardware

Interrupt In Operating Systems

Direct Memory Access (Dma)

Buses

Input–Output Interfaces

UNIT-9 PIPELINING DESIGN TECHNIQUES Introduction

General Concepts

Instruction Pipeline

Pipeline “Stall” Due to Instruction Dependency

Pipeline “Stall” Due to Data Dependency

Prediction of The Next Instruction To Fetch

ARM 1026EJ-S Processor

Instruction-Level Parallelism

Arithmetic Pipeline


Fixed-Point Arithmetic Pipelines

UNIT-10 REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTERS

(RISCS) RISC/CISC Evolution Cycle

RISCs Design Principles

Overlapped Register Windows

RISCs versus CISCs

The Berkeley RISC

Sun ULTRASPARC III

Review Question

Further Readings

Subject Name: Data Structures and Algorithms

Subject Code: MCS 203 Paper Code: DSA/M


IntegralUniversity-Lucknow

SubjectName:DataStructuresandAlgorithms

PaperCode:MCS203 PaperCode:DSA/M

(w.e.f.JULY2016Session)

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1. DATA STRUCUTRES – OVERVIEW & ALGORITHM

2. BASIC CONCEPTS & ARRAY DATA STRUCTURES

3. DATA STRUCTURE - LINKED LIST

4.STACK & QUEUE

5. SEARCHING TECHNIQUE IN DATA STRUCTURES

6. DATA STRUCTURES - SORTING TECHNIQUES

7. GRAPH IN DATA STRUCTURE

8. TREE

9.DATA STRUCTURES - RECURSION BASICS



DATASTRUCTURES&ALGORITHMSUNIT-1 DATA STRUCUTRES – OVERVIEW & ALGORITHM

Introduction

Characteristics of a Data Structure

Need for Data Structure

Execution Time Cases

Basic Terminology

Data Structures - Algorithms Basics

Characteristics of an Algorithm

How to write an algorithm?

Algorithm Analysis

Algorithm Complexity

Space Complexity

Time Complexity

Data Structures - Asymptotic Analysis

Asymptotic Notations

Data Structures - Greedy Algorithms

Counting Coins

Data Structures - Divide & Conquer

Divide/Break

Conquer/Solve

Data Structures - Dynamic Programming

Comparison

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-2 BASIC CONCEPTS & ARRAY DATA STRUCTURES Introduction

Data Definition

Data Object

Data Type

Derived Data Type

Basic Operations

Data Structure - Array

Array Representation

Basic Operations

Insertion Operation

Deletion Operation

Search Operation

Update Operation

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-3 DATA STRUCTURE - LINKED LIST Introduction to linked list

Linked List Representation



Types of Linked List

Insertion Operation

Deletion Operation

Reverse Operation

Doubly Linked List

Insertion at End Operation

Circular Linked List

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-4 STACK & QUEUE Stack

Stack Representation

Basic Operations

PUSH Operation

Algorithm for PUSH operation

Pop Operation

Algorithm for POP operation

Expression Parsing

Infix Notation

Prefix (Polish) Notation

Postfix (Reverse-Polish) Notation

Associativity

Postfix Evaluation Algorithm

Queue

Enqueue Operation

Dequeue Operation

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-5 SEARCHING TECHNIQUE IN DATA STRUCTURES Linear Search

Binary Search

How Binary Search Works?

Interpolation Search

Positioning In Binary Search

Position Probing In Interpolation Search

Hash Table

Hashing

Linear Probing

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-6 DATA STRUCTURES - SORTING TECHNIQUES Sorting

In-place sorting and Not-in-place

Stable and Not Stable Sorting

Adaptive and Non-Adaptive Sorting Algorithm



Insertion Sort

Selection Sort

Merge Sort

Shell Sort

Quick Sort

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-7 GRAPH IN DATA STRUCTURE Graph

Graph Data Structure

Depth First Traversal

Breadth First Traversal

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-8 TREE Tree

Binary Search Tree Representation

Node

Tree Traversal

Binary Search Tree

AVL Trees

AVL Rotations

Spanning Tree

General properties of spanning tree

Application of Spanning Tree

Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)

Kruskal's Spanning Tree Algorithm

Prim's Algorithm

Heap

Max Heap Construction Algorithm

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-9 DATA STRUCTURES - RECURSION BASICS Introduction

Properties

Analysis of recursion

Time complexity

Space complexity

Tower of Hanoi

Fibonacci Series

Fibonacci Recursive Algorithm

Review Questions

Further Readings

SubjectName:VisualProgrammingSubjectCode:MCS204 PaperCode:VP/M





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1. INTRODUCTION TO VB.NET

2.INTRODUCTION TO COMMON LANGUAGE

RUNTIME

3. USER AND PROGRAM INTERFACES

4. INTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

5. DATA TYPES, VARIBALE & OPERATOR IN VB.NET

6. DECISION MAKING STATEMENT IN VB.NET

7 LOOPING STATEMENT

8 ARRAY IN VB.NET

9 PROCEDURE & FUNCTION

10 BASIC CONTROL IN VB.NET

11 USER INTERFACE

12 EXCEPTION HANDLING


VISUALPROGRAMMING

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO VB.NET Introduction

The .Net Plateform

Advantage of .Net

Metadata

Namespaces


Further Readings

UNIT-2 INTRODUCTION TO COMMON LANGUAGE

RUNTIME Introduction

Common language Runtime

CLR Features

Benefits of CLR

Assembly

.Net Framework Base Class Library

Common Type System

Common Language Specification


Further Readings

UNIT-3 USER AND PROGRAM INTERFACES ASP.Net Built-in Objects

Web Forms

Web Services

Windows Communication Foundation

XML as the .NET “meta language”

The Role of COM

UNIT4 INTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Introduction to IDE

Parts of the Program

Compile & Executing Program

Identifier

Vb.Net Keywords


Further Readings

UNIT-5 DATA TYPES, VARIBALE & OPERATOR IN

VB.NET Data Type

Variable

Variable Initialization in Vb.Net

Declaring Constants

Declaring Enumeration

Statement

Operator

Operator Precedence in VB.Net



Further Readings

UNIT-6 DECISION MAKING STATEMENT IN VB.NET

Introduction to Decision Making Statement

Select Case


Further Readings

UNIT-7 LOOPING STATEMENT

Looping Statement

Exit Statement

Continue Statement


Further Readings

UNIT-8 ARRAY IN VB.NET

Array

Dynamic Array

Multidimensional Array

Jagged Array

The Array Class

Method of the Array Class


Further Readings

UNIT-9 PROCEDURE & FUNCTION Procedure

Function

Recursive Function

Param Array

Sub Procedure

Passing Parameter by Value

Passing Parameter by Reference


Further Readings

UNIT-10 BASIC CONTROL IN VB.NET Introduction

Control Methods

Control Events

Basic Control with Method, Properties and Events

Form

Text

Label

Button

ListBox

ComboBox


RadioButton

CheckBox

PictureBox

ProgressBar

DateTimePicker


Further Readings

UNIT-11 USER INTERFACE

Introduction

RunDialog()

ShowDialog()

ColorDialog

OpenDialog

SaveFileDialog

PrintDialog


Further Readings

UNIT-12 EXCEPTION HANDLING Exception

Exception Classes in VB. Net Framework

Handling Events

Creating User defined Exception

Throwing Objects


Further Readings

Subject Name: Data Base Management Systems Subject Code: MCS 205 Paper Code: DBMS/M

Directorate of Distance Education

Integral University, Lucknow

Subject Name: Data Base Management Systems

Subject Code: MCS 205 Paper Code: DBMS/M

(w.e.f. JULY 2016 Session)

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Unit – 1 OVERVIEW OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

Unit – 2 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE DESIGN

Unit – 3 THE RELATIONAL MODEL

Unit – 4 SQL: QUERIES, CONSTRNNTS, TRIGGERS

Unit – 5 OVERVIEW'OF STORAGE AND INDEXING

Unit – 6 STORING DATA: DISKS AND FILES

Unit – 7 EXTERNAL SORTING

Unit – 8 OVERVIEW OF TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT

Unit – 9 CONCURRENCY CONTROL


DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

1. OVERVIEW OF DATABASE SYSTEMS Introduction

Managing data

Overview of database system

A historical perspective

File systems versus a dbms

Advantages of a dbms

Describing and storing data in a dbms

Tthe relational model

Other data models

Levels of abstraction in a dbms

Queries in a dbms

Transaction management

Structure of a dbms

People who work with databases

Review questions

Further readings

2. INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE DESIGN Introduction

Database design and er diagrams

Entities, attributes, and entity sets

relationships and relationship sets

Additional features of the er model

Conceptual design with the er model

Conceptual design for large enterprises

The uniied modeling language

Review questions

Further readings

3. THE RELATIONAL MODEL Introduction to the relational model

Integrity constraints over relations

Enforcing integrity constraints

Querying relational data

Destroying/altering tables and views

Review questions

Further readings


4. SQL: QUERIES, CONSTRNNTS, TRIGGERS Introduction

The form of a basic sql query

Union, intersect, and except

Nested queries

Aggregate operators

Null values

Complex integrity constraints in sql

Triggers and active databases

Designing active databases

Review questions

Further readings

5. OVERVIEW'OF STORAGE AND INDEXING Introduction

Data on external storage

File organizations and indexing

Index data structures

Comparison of file organizations

Indexes and performance tuning

Review questions

Further readings

6. STORING DATA: DISKS AND FILES Introduction

The memory hierarchy

Redundant arrays of independent disks

Disk space management

Buffer manager

Directory

Page formats

Record formats

Review questions

Further readings

7. EXTERNAL SORTING When does a dbms sort data?

A simple two-way merge sort

External merge sort

Minimizing i/o cost versus number of I/os


Using b+ trees for sorting

Review questions

Further readings

8. OVERVIEW OF TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT Introduction

The acid properties

Transactions and schedules

Concurrent execution of transactions

Lock-based concurrency control

Performance of locking

Transaction support in sql

Introduction to crash recovery

Overview of aries

Review questions

Further readings

9. CONCURRENCY CONTROL Introduction

Introduction to lock management

Lock conversions

Dealing with deadlocks

Specialized locking techniques

Concurrency control without

Locking

Review questions

Further readings

SubjectName:SoftwareEngineering

SubjectCode:MCS301 PaperCode:SE/M





(w.e.f.JULY2016Session)

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Unit–1 TheProduct

Unit–2 TheProcess

Unit–3 ProjectManagementConcepts

Unit–4 SoftwareProcessAndProjectMetrics

Unit–5 SoftwareProjectPlanning

Unit–6 RiskAnalysisAndManagement

Unit–7 ProjectSchedulingAndTracking

Unit–8 SoftwareQualityAssurance

Unit–9 SoftwareConfigurationAnagement

Unit–10 SystemEngineering

Unit–11 AnalysisConceptsAndPrinciples

Unit–12 AnalysisModeling

Unit–13 DesignConceptsAndPrinciples

Unit–14 ArchitecturalDesign

Unit–15 UserInterfaceDesign

Unit–16 Component-LevelDesign

Unit–17 SoftwareTestingTechniques

Unit–18 TechnicalMetricsForSoftware

Unit–19 Object-OrientedConceptsAndPrinciples



SOFTWAREENGINEERING

Unit–1TheProducts

Introduction

TheEvolvingRoleOfSoftware

Software

SoftwareCharacteristics

SoftwareApplications

SoftwareMyths

Unit–2TheProcess

Introduction

SoftwareEngineering:ALayeredTechnology

AGenericViewOfSoftwareEngineering

TheSoftwareProcess

SoftwareProcessModels

TheLinearSequentialModel

ThePrototypingModel

TheRADModel

EvolutionarySoftwareProcessModels

TheIncrementalModel

TheSpiralModel

TheWINWINSpiralModel

TheConcurrentDevelopmentModel

Component-BasedDevelopment

TheFormalMethodsModel

FourthGenerationTechniques

ProcessTechnology

ProductAndProcess

Summary

Unit-3ProjectManagementConcepts

TheManagementSpectrum

ThePeople

TheProduct



TheProcess

TheProject

People

ThePlayers

TeamLeaders

TheSoftwareTeam

CoordinationAndCommunicationIssues

TheProduct

SoftwareScope

ProblemDecomposition

TheProcess

MeldingtheProductAndTheProces

ProcessDecomposition

TheProject

TheW5HHPrinciple

CriticalPractices

Unit–4SoftwareProcessAndProjectMetrics

Introduction

Measures,Metrics,AndIndications

MetricsInTheProcessAndProjectDomains

ProcessmetricsAndSoftwareProcessImprovement

ProjectMetrics

SoftwareMeasurement

Size-OrientedMetrics

Function-OrientedMetrics

ExtendedFunctionPointMetrics

ReconcilingDifferentMetricsApproaches

MetricsForSoftwareQuality

MeasuringQuality

DefectRemovalEfficiency

IntegratingMetricsWithinTheSoftwareProcess

ArgumentsForSoftwareMetrics



EstablishingABaseline

MetricsCollection,Computation,AndEvaluation

ManagingVariation:StatisticalProcessControl

MetricsForSmallOrganizations

EstablishingASoftwareMetricsProgram

Unit–5SoftwareProjectPlanning

ObservationsOnEstimating

ProjectPlanningObjectives

SoftwareScope

ObtainingInformationNecessaryForScope

Feasibility

AScopingExample

Resources

HumanResources

ReusableSoftwareResources

EnvironmentalResources

SoftwareProjectEstimation

DecompositionTechniques

SoftwareSizing

Problem-BasedEstimation

AnExampleOfFP-BasedEstimation

Process-BasedEstimation

AnExampleofProcess-BasedEstimation

EmpiricalEstimationModels

TheStructureOfEstimationModels

TheCOCOMOModel

COCOMOII.

TheSoftwareEquation

TheMake/BuyDecision

Outsourcing

AutomatedEstimationTools

Unit–6RiskAnalysisAndManagement



Introduction

ReactiveVs.ProactiveRiskStrategies

SoftwareRisks

RiskIdentification

AssessingOverallProjectRisk

RiskComponentsAndDrivers

RiskProjection

DevelopingARiskTable

AssessingRiskImpact

RiskAssessment

RiskRefinement

RiskMitigation,Monitoring,AndManagement

SafetyRisksAndHazards

TheRMMMPlan

Unit–7ProjectSchedulingAndTracking

Introduction

BasicConcepts

BasicPrinciples

TheRelationshipBetweenPeopleAndEffort

AnEmpiricalRelationship

EffortDistribution

DefiningATasksetForTheSoftwareProject

DegreeOfRigor

DefiningAdaptationCriteria

ComputingataskSetSelectorValue

SelectingSoftwareEngineeringTasks

RefinementOfMajorTasks

DefiningATaskNetwork

Scheduling

TimelineCharts

TrackingTheSchedule

EarnedValueAnalysis



ErrorTracking

TheProjectPlan

Unit–8SoftwareQualityAssurance

Introduction

QualityConcepts

Quallity

QualityControl

QualityAssurance

CostOfQuality

TheQualityMovement

SoftwareQualityAssurance

BackgroundIssues

SoftwareReviews

CostImpactOfSoftwareDefects

DefectAmplificationAndRemoval

FormalTechnicalReviews

TheReviewMeeting

ReviewReportingAndRecordKeeping

ReviewGuidelines

FormalApproachesToSQA

StatisticalSoftwareQualityAssurance

SoftwareReliability

MeasuresOfReliabilityAndAvailability

Mistake-ProofingForSoftware

TheISOApproachToQualityAssuranceSystems

TheISO9001Standard

TheSQAPlan

Unit–9SoftwareConfigurationManagement

Introduction

SoftwareConfigurationManagement

Baselines



SoftwareConfigurationItems

TheSCMProcess

IdentificationOfObjectsInTheSoftwareConfiguration

VersionConversion

ChangeControl

ConfigurationAudit

StatusReporting

SCMStandards

Unit–10SystemEngineering

Introduction

Computer-BasedSystems

TheSystemEngineeringHierarchy

SystemModeling

SystemSimulation

BusinessProcessEngineering:AnOverview

Productengineering:AnOverview

RequirementsEngineering

RequirementsElicitation

RequirementsAnalysisAndNegotiation

RequirementsSpecification

SystemModeling

RequirementsValidation

RequirementsManagement

SystemModeling

Unit–11AnalysisConceptsAndPrinciples

Introduction

RequirementsAnalysis

RequirementsElicitationForSoftware

InitiatingtheProcess

FacilitatedApplicationSpecificationTechniques

QualityFunctionDeployment

Use-Cases



AnalysisPrinciples

TheInformationDomain

Modeling

Partitioning

EssentialAndImplementationViews

SoftwarePrototyping

SelectingthePrototypingApproach

PrototypingMethodsAndTools

Specifications

SpecificationPrinciples

Representation

TheSoftwareRequirementsSpecification

SpecificationReview

Unit–12AnalysisModeling

Introduction

ABriefHistory

TheElementsOfTheAnalysisModel

DataModeling

DataObjects,Attributes,Relationships

CardinalityAndModality

Entity/RelationshipDiagrams

FunctionalModelingAndInformationFlow

DataFlowDiagrams

ExtensionsForReal-TimeSystems

WardAndMellorExtension

HatleyAndPirbhaiExtensions

BehavioralModeling

TheMechanicsOfStructuredAnalysis

CreatingAnEntity/RelationshipDiagram

CreatingAControlFlowModel

TheControlSpecification

TheProcessSpecification



TheDataDictionary

OtherClassicalAnalysisMethods

Unit–13DesignConceptsAndPrinciples

Introduction

SoftwareDesignAndSoftwareEngineering

TheDesignProcess

DesignAndSoftwareQuality

TheEvolutionofSoftwareDesign

DesignPrinciples

DesignConcepts

Refinement

Modularity

SoftwareArchitecture

ControlHierarchy

StructuralPartitioning

DataStructure

SoftwareProcedure

InformationHiding

EffectiveModularDesign

FunctionalIndependence

Cohesion

Coupling

DesignHeuristicsForEffectiveModularity

TheDesignModel

DesignDocumentation

Unit–14ArchitecturalDesign

Introduction

WhatisArchitecture?

WhyisArchitectureImportant?

DataDesign

DataDesignAtTheComponentLevel

ArchitecturalStyles



OrganizationAndRefinement

AnalyzingAlternativeArchitecturalDesigns

AnArchitectureTrade-offAnalysisMethod

QuantitativeGuidanceForArchitecturalDesign

ArchitecturalComplexity

MappingRequirementsIntoASoftwareArchitecture

TransactionFlow

TransformMapping

TransactionMapping

RefiningTheArchitecturalDesign

Unit–15UserInterfaceDesign

Introduction

TheGoldenRules

UserinterfaceDesign

InterfaceDesignModels

TaskAnalysisAndModeling

InterfaceDesignActivities

ImplementationTools

DesignEvaluation

Unit–16Component-LevelDesign

Introduction

StructuredProgramming

GraphicalDesignNotation

ProgramDesignLanguage

ComparisonOfDesignNotation

Unit–17SoftwareTestingTechniques

Introduction

SoftwareTestingFundamentals

TestingObjectives

TestingPrinciples

Testability

TestCaseDesign



White-BoxTesting

BasicPathTesting

FlowGraphNotation

CyclomaticComplexity

DerivingTestCases

GraphMatrices

ControlStructureTesting

DataFlowTesting

LoopTesting

Black-BoxTesting

Graph-BasedTestingMethods

EquivalencePartitioning

BoundaryValueAnalysis

ComparisonTesting

OrthogonalArrayTesting

TestingForSpecializedEnvironments,Architectures,AndApplications

TestingGUIs

TestingofClient/ServerArchitectures

TestingDocumentationAndHelpFacilities

TestingforRealTimeSystems

Unit–18TechnicalMetricsForSoftware

Introduction

SoftwareQuality

FURPS

ISO9126QualityFactors

TheTransitiontoAQuantitativeView

AFrameworkForTechnicalSoftwareMetrics

TheChallengeOfTachnicalMetrics

Measurementprinciples

TheAttributesOfEffectiveSoftwareMetrics

MetricsForTheAnalysisModel

FunctionBasedMetrics



TheBangMetrics

MetricsForSpecificationQuality

MetricsForTheDesignModel

ArchitecturaldesignMetrics

InterfaceDesignMetrics

MetricsForSourceCode

MetricsForTesting

MetricsForMaintenance

Unit–19ObjectOrientedConceptsAndPrinciples

TheObjectOrientedParadigm

Object-OrientedConcepts

ClassesAndObjects

Attributes

Operations,Methods,AndServices

Messages

Encapsulation,Inheritance,AndPolymorphism

IndentifyingTheElementsOfAnObjectModel

IdentifyingClassesAndObjects

SpecifyingAttributes

FinalizingTheobjectDefinition

ManagementOfObject-orientedSoftwareprojects

TheCommonProcessFrameworkForOO

OOProjectMetricsAndEstimation

TrackingProgressforAnOOProject

SubjectName:OperationsResearchSubjectCode:MCS302 PaperCode:OR/M





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1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING

3.SOLVING LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS: THE

SIMPLEX METHOD

4. ARTIFICIAL STARTING SOLUTIONS

5. DUAL PROBLEM

6. INTEGER PROGRAMMING (IP)

7 DECISION ANALYSIS AND DECISION TREES

8MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND

GOAL PROGRAMMING


OPERATIONRESEARCH

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION The Origins and the Nature of Operations Research

Overview of The or Modelling Approach

Deriving The Solution From The Model

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-2 INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING Formulation of Linear Programming Problems

Prototype Example

The Linear Programming Model

Examples of Linear Programming Problems

Decision Variables

Linear Programming Model

Decision Variables


Decision Variables


Decision Variables

The Linear Programming Model

The Graphical Method For Solving LPM

Observations

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-3 SOLVING LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS: THE

SIMPLEX METHOD Preview of the Simplex Method

The Idea of the Simplex Algorithm

Unbounded Solution

The Simplex Algorithm

Multiple Optimal Solutions

Using the Simplex Algorithm to Solve

Minimization Problems

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-4 ARTIFICIAL STARTING SOLUTIONS Introduction

The Big M Method

Penalty Rule for Artificial Variables.

The Two-Phase Method

Sensitivity Analysis

Review Questions

Further Reading


UNIT-5 DUAL PROBLEM Finding the Dual of a Linear Programming Problem

Economic Interpretation of the Dual problem

Finding the Dual Problem to Any Lpp - An Example

Primal-Dual Relationships

Reading The Optimal Solution To The Dual From The Z-Row Of The Optimal

Simplex Tableau If The Primal Is A Max Problem

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-6 INTEGER PROGRAMMING (IP) Formulating Integer Programming Problems

Advanced Modelling

Either-Or-Constraints

If-Then Constraints

Naive Methods for Solving IPP

The Branch-And-Bound Method for Solving Pure Integer Programming Problems

The Branch-And-Bound Method For

Solving Mixed Integer Programming Problems

Branch-And-Bound Algorithm for Knapsack Problem

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-7 DECISION ANALYSIS AND DECISION TREES Decision Criteria under Uncertainty

Decision Criteria under Risk

Decision Making Without Experimentation

Decision Tree

Decision Making With Experimentation

Review Questions

Further Reading

UNIT-8 MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND

GOAL PROGRAMMING Multiple Objective Linear Programming

Goal Programming

Review Questions

Further Reading

SubjectName:NumericalandStatisticalComputingSubjectCode:MCS303 PaperCode:NSC/M



SubjectName:OperationsResearchSubjectCode:MCS303 PaperCode:NSC/M


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING

3.SOLVING LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS: THE

SIMPLEX METHOD

4. ARTIFICIAL STARTING SOLUTIONS

5. DUAL PROBLEM

6. INTEGER PROGRAMMING (IP)

7 DECISION ANALYSIS AND DECISION TREES

8MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND

GOAL PROGRAMMING


NumericalandStatisticalComputing

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION Introduction to computer Definition

o Cursor

o Algorithm

o Flow Chart

Introduction to C Language

Advantage of C Language

‘c’ Character Set

Variables

Decision making Statement

Loop Control Structure

Array and String

Structure and Union

Storage Classes in C


Further Readings

UNIT-2 ERROR Sources of Error

o Input Error

o Algorithmic Error

o Computational Error

Accuracy Number

Error

Error in Numerical Computation

Inverse Problem

Error in a Series Approximation

Error in Numerical Computation

Mathematical Preliminaries

Floating Point Presentation of Numbers

Machine Computation

General Purpose Package


Further Readings

UNIT-3 ALGEBRIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL

EQUATION Bisection Method

Order of Convergence of interactive method

Convergence of a Sequence

Iteration Method (Successive Approximation Method)

The Method of iteration for System of Non-Linear Equation

Method of false position or Regula-False Method

Secant Method

Muller Method

Horner’s Method

Geometrical Interpretation method for multiple roots



Further Readings

UNIT-4 INTERPOLATION Introduction to interpolation

Assumption for interpolation

Error in polynomial interpolation

Finite differences

Relation between Operator

Differences of a Polynomial

Factorial Notation

Missing term Technique

Striling’s Formula

Inverse interpolation

Divided Differences

Properties of divided differences

Hermite’s Interpolation Formula


Further Readings

UNIT-5 NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Introduction

Initial value & Boundary value Problem

Numerical methods of solution of ODE

Euler’s Method

Modifier Euler’s Method

Taylor Method

Runge-Kutta Method

Prediction corrector Methods

Moulton Formula

Stability


Further Readings

UNIT-6 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION AND DIFFERENTIATION Introduction

Numerical Differentiation

Errors in Numerical Differentiation

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-7 STATISTICAL COMPUTATION The Statistical Methods

Limitation of Statistical Methods

Frequency Charts

Frequency Polygon

Diagrams

Review Question

Further Readings


UNIT-8 TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS Population Or Universe

Sampling

Standard Error

Degrees Of Freedom

Review Question

Further Readings

SubjectName:ObjectOrientedAnalysis&Designing

SubjectCode:MCS304 PaperCode:OOAD/M



SubjectName:ObjectOrientedAnalysis&DesigningSubjectCode:MCS304 PaperCode:OOAD/M


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1. OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS

2. OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS

3. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

4. OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN

5. METHODOLOGIES

6. OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGIES

7BOOCH METHODOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS

8 FRAMEWORKS

9 STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODELLING

10 UML DYNAMIC MODELLING

11 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS PROCESS

12 DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE DOCUMENTATION

13 NOUN PHRASE APPROACH

14 USE CASE DRIVEN APPROACH

15 SUPER SUB CLASS RELATIONSHIPS



16 OBJECT ORIENTED AXIOMS

17 CLASS VISIBILITY

18 DESIGNING METHODS AND PROTOCOLS

19 OBJECT STORE AND PERSISTENCE

20 OBJECT RELATION MAPPING

21 SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE

22 OBJECT ORIENTATION ON TESTING

23 TEST PLANS

24 SYSTEM USABLILITY AND USER SATISFACTION

25 USER SATISFACTION TEST



UNIT-01 OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS Introduction

Object-Oriented Systems Development Methodology

Importance of Object Orientation

Encouragement of good programming techniques

Promotion of reusability

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-02 OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS Introduction

Objects

Objects Are Grouped In Classes

Attributes: Object State and Properties

Objects Respond To Messages

Class Hierarchy

Inheritance

Dynamic Inheritance

Multiple Inheritance

Polymorphism

Object Relationships and Associations

Consumer-Producer Association

Aggregations and Object Containment

Dynamic Binding

Object Persistence

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-03 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Introduction

The Software Development Process

Building High-Quality Software

Object Oriented Systems Development

Object-Oriented Analysis-Use-Case Driven

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-04 OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN Introduction

Object-Oriented Design

Prototyping

Implementation: Component-Based Development



Incremental Testing

Reusability

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-05 METHODOLOGIES Introduction

Toward Unification-Too Many Methodologies

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-06 OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGIES Introduction

Rumbaugh’s Object Modelling Technique

THE OBJECT MODEL

The OMT Dynamic Model

The OMT Functional Model

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-07 BOOCH METHODOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS Introduction

The Booch Methodology

The Macro Development Process

The Micro Development Process

The Jacobson Methodologies

Use Cases

Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Objectory

Object-Oriented Business Engineering

Patterns

Generative and No generative Patterns

Patterns Template

Anti-patterns

Capturing Patterns

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-08 FRAMEWORKS Introduction

Frameworks

The Unified Approach

Object-Oriented Analysis

Iterative Development and Continuous Testing



Modelling Based on The Unified Modelling Language

The UA Proposed Repository

The Layered Approach to Software Development

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-09 STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODELLING Static Model

Dynamic Model

Why Modelling

Introduction to the Unified Modelling Language

UML Diagrams

UML Class Diagram

Class Notation: Static Structure

Class Interface Notation

Association Role

Association Class

N-Ary Association

Generalization

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-10 UML DYNAMIC MODELLING Introduction

UML Dynamic Modelling

UML INTERACTION DIAGRAMS

UML State Chart Diagram

UML Activity Diagram

A decision

Implementation Diagrams

Model Management

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-11 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS PROCESS Introduction

Why Analysis Is a Difficult Activity

Business Object Analysis

Business Process Modelling

Use-Case Model

Use Cases under the Microscope

Uses and Extends Associations

Identifying the Actors

Guidelines for Finding Use Cases



Dividing Use Cases into Packages

Naming a Use Case

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-12 DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE DOCUMENTATION Introduction

Developing Effective Documentation

Organization Conventions for Documentation

Guidelines for Developing Effective Documentation

The savings account use-cases package

Transaction History

Classifications Theory

Approaches for Identifying Classes

Review Questions

Further More

UNIT-13 NOUN PHRASE APPROACH Introduction

Noun Phrase Approach

Identifying Tentative Classes

Reviewing the Possible Attributes

Reviewing the Class Purpose

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-14 USE CASE DRIVEN APPROACH Introduction

Classes, Responsibilities, and Collaborators

Associations

Identifying Associations

Guidelines for Identifying Association

Common Association Patterns

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-15 SUPER SUB CLASS RELATIONSHIPS Introduction

Super-Sub Class Relationships

A Part of Relationships-Aggregation

Defining Association Relationships

Defining Super-Sub Relationships

Review Question

Further Readings



UNIT-16 OBJECT ORIENTED AXIOMS Introduction

Object-Oriented Design Axioms

Corollaries

The initial single inheritance design

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-17 CLASS VISIBILITY Introduction

Public Protocol Layer: External

Designing Classes

Attribute Types

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-18 DESIGNING METHODS AND PROTOCOLS Introduction

Designing Methods and Protocols

Account Class Deposit Method

Account Class Withdraw Method

Account Class Create transaction Method

Checking Account Class Withdraw Method

Packages and Managing Classes

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-19 OBJECT STORE AND PERSISTENCE Introduction

Database Management Systems

Database Views

Database Models

Database Interface

Concurrency Policy

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-20 OBJECT RELATION MAPPING Introduction

Object-Relation Mapping

Table-Class Mapping

Table-Multiple Classes Mapping

Keys for Instance Navigation

Designing View Layer Classes



Micro level VI design activities

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT–21 SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE Introduction

Software Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance Tests

Testing Strategies

Black Box Testing

White Box Testing

Top-Down Testing

Bottom-Up Testing

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-22 OBJECT ORIENTATION ON TESTING Introduction

Impact of Object Orientation on Testing

Impact of Inheritance in Testing

Reusability of Tests

Test Cases

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT -23 TEST PLANS Introduction

Test Plan

Guidelines For Developing Test Plans

Continuous Testing

Myers's Debugging Principles

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-24 SYSTEM USABLILITY AND USER SATISFACTION Introduction

Usability Testing

Guidelines For Developing Usability Testing

Recording the Usability Test

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-25 USER SATISFACTION TEST Introduction

User Satisfaction Test



Guidelines For Developing A User Satisfaction Test

Develop Test Objectives

Develop Test Cases

Analyze the Tests

Review Questions

Further Readings

SubjectName:MicroprocessorProgramming

SubjectCode:MCS-305 PaperCode:MP/M



SubjectName:MicroprocessorProgrammingSubjectCode:MCS305 PaperCode:MP/M


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1. MICROPROCESSOR BASICS

2. MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS

3. ALU DESIGN

4. DESIGN PARADIGMS

5. EXECUTION PROBLEMS

6. BENCHMARKING AND OPTIMIZATION

7 PARALLEL PROCESSING

8 SUPPORT SOFTWARE

9 MICROPROCESSOR PRODUCTION

10 ADVANCED TOPICS



MICROPROCESSORPROGRAMMING

UNIT-1 MICROPROCESSOR BASICS

Introduction

Types of Processors

Abstraction Layers

ISA

Moore's Law

Basic Elements of a Computer

RISC and CISC And DSP

Microprocessor Components

Memory Arrangement

Common Instructions

Microprocessor Design Memory

Assembly Language

Determine Machine Capabilities

Create ISA

Instruction Set Design

Build Control Logic

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-2 MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS

Introduction

Registers

Multiplexers

Program Counter

Branching

Non-Offset Branching

Offset Branching

Instruction Decoder

RISC Instruction Decoder

CISC Instruction Decoder

Memory Unit

Timing Issues

ALU

Accumulator

FPU

Floating point numbers

IEEE 754

Floating Point Multiplication

Control Unit

Review Questions



Further Readings

UNIT-3 ALU DESIGN

Introduction

Addition and Subtraction

Bit Adders

Generalized Cascading

Shift and Rotate Blocks

Fast Shift Implementations

Multiply and Divide Blocks

Multiplication Algorithms

Comparisons

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-4 DESIGN PARADIGMS

Introduction

Cycle Times

Redundant Hardware

Single Cycle Designs

Multi Cycle Processors

Multi-Cycle Stages

Hardware Reuse

Pipelined Processors

Superpipeline

VLIW Processors

Parallel Execution

Multicore Processors

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-5 EXECUTION PROBLEMS

Introduction

Interrupts

Design/Hazards

Forwarding

Branch Delay

Branch Prediction

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-6 BENCHMARKING AND OPTIMIZATION

Introduction

Runtime

Cycles Per Instruction



MIPS

Benchmarking

Optimizations

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-7 PARALLEL PROCESSING

Introduction

Symmetric Multicore

Asymmetric Multicore

Memory-Level Parallelism

Out Of Order Execution

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-8 SUPPORT SOFTWARE

Introduction

Simulator

Compiler

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-9 MICROPROCESSOR PRODUCTION

Introduction

FPGA

Wire Wrap

Parts

Chips bus

Tools

Design Tips

Harvard architecture

Basic Photolithography

Sockets and interfacing

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-10 ADVANCED TOPICS Introduction

Microcode

Cache

Memory Stall Cycles

Design Considerations

Associatively

Cache Writing

Virtual Memory



Pages

Translation Look-Aside Buffer

Heat

Review Questions

Further Readings

Subject Name: Artificial Intelligence Subject Code: MCS 401 Paper Code: AI/M

Directorate of Distance Education

Integral University, Lucknow

Subject Name: Artificial Intelligence

Subject Code: MCS 401 Paper Code: AI/M

(w.e.f. July 2016 Session)

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Unit – 1 INTRODUCTION

Unit – 2 INTELLIGENT AGENTS

Unit – 3 SOLVING PROBLEMS BY SEARCHING

Unit – 4 INFORMED SEARCH METHODS

Unit – 5 GAME PLAYING

Unit – 6 AGENTS THAT REASON

Unit – 7 FIRST-ORDER LOGIC

Unit – 8 BUILDING A KNOWLEDGE

Unit – 9 LOGICAL REASONING SYSTEMS

Unit – 10 PLANNING

Unit – 11 PRACTICAL PLANNING

Unit – 12 MAKING SIMPLE DECISIONS

Unit – 13 PROBABILISTIC REASONING SYSTEMS

Unit – 14 MAKING COMPLEX DECISIONS

Unit – 15 LEARNING FROM OBSERVATIONS

Unit- 16 ROBOTICS


ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

UNIT-01 INTRODUCTION

Introduction

What is Ai?

The Foundations of Artificial

Intelligence

The History of Artificial Intelligence

The State of The Art

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-02 INTELLIGENT AGENTS

Introduction

Structure of Intelligent Agents

Properties of Environment

Environment Programs

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-03 SOLVING PROBLEMS BY SEARCHING

Introduction

Formulating Problems

Example Problems

Searching For Solutions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-04 INFORMED SEARCH METHODS

Introduction

Memory Bounded Search

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-05 GAME PLAYING

Introduction

Imperfect Decisions

Alpha-Beta Pruning

Games That Include An Element Of Chance

State-Of-The-Art Game Programs

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-06 AGENTS THAT REASON

Introduction

A Knowledge-Based Agent

The Wumpus World Environment

Representation. Reasoning and Logic

An Agent for the Wumpus World


Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-07 FIRST-ORDER LOGIC

Introduction

Syntax and Semantics

Using First-Order Logic

Logical Agents for the Wumpus World

A Simple Reflex Agent

Representing Change in the World

The Frame Problem and its Relatives

Deducing Hidden Properties of the World

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-08 BUILDING A KNOWLEDGE

Introduction

Properties Of Good And Bad Knowledge Bases

Knowledge Engineering Vs. Programming

The Electronic Circuits Domain

General Ontology

Natural Kinds

Composite Objects

The Grocery Shopping World

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-09 LOGICAL REASONING SYSTEMS

Introduction

Indexing, Retrieval, and Unification

Logic Programming Systems

Theorem Provers

Frame Systems and Semantic Networks

Description Logics

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-10 PLANNING

Introduction

Simple Planning Agent

From Problem Solving to Planning

Planning in Situation Calculus

Basic Representations for Planning

Representations for Actions

Situation Space and Plan Space

Representations for Plans

A Partial-Order Planning Algorithm

Planning with Partially Instantiated Operators

Knowledge Engineering for Planning


Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-11 PRACTICAL PLANNING

Practical Planners

Job Shop Scheduling

Hierarchical Decomposition

Extending the Language

Modifying the Planner

Decomposition and Sharing

Resource Constraints

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-12 MAKING SIMPLE DECISIONS

Introduction

Conditional Planning

Discussion and Extensions

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-13 PROBABILISTIC REASONING SYSTEMS

Introduction

Representing Knowledge in an Uncertain Domain

The Semantics of Beeief Networks

Inference in Belief Networks

Other Approaches To Uncertain Reasoning

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-14 MAKING COMPLEX DECISIONS

Introduction

Combining Beliefs and Desires Under Uncertainty

The Basis of Utility Theory

Utility Functions

Human Judgment and Fallibility

Multiattribute Utility Functions

The Value of Information

Properties of The Value Of Information

Decision-Theoretic Expert Systems

Making Complex Decisions

Sequential Decision Problems

Value Iteration

Policy Iteration

How Immortal Agents Decide What To Do

Decision-Theoretic Agent Design

Dynamic Belief Networks

Dynamic Decision Networks

Review Questions


Further Readings

UNIT-15 LEARNING FROM OBSERVATIONS

Introduction

A General Model of Learning Agents

Inductive Learning

Learning Decision Trees

Using Information Theory

Learning General Logical Descriptions

Why Learning Works : Computational

Learning Theory

Review Questions

Further Readings

UNIT-16 ROBOTICS

Introduction

Tasks: What are Robots Good For?

Parts: What are Robots Made Of?

Configuration Spaces: A Framework For Analysis

Navigation and Motion Planning

Review Questions

Further Readings

SubjectName:ComputerGraphics

SubjectCode:MCS402 PaperCode:CG/M

DIRECTORATEOFDISTANCEEDUCATION

INTEGRALUNIVERSITY,LUCKNOW




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Unit-1 Introductiontocomputergraphics

Unit–2 Inputdevices

Unit–3 Outputdevices

Unit–4 Displaydevices

Unit–5 Scanconversion

Unit–6 2DTransformation

Unit–7 3Dcomputergraphics

Unit–8 3Dtransformation

Unit-9 Computergraphicscurves

Unit-10 Clipping

Unit-11 3Dmodeling

Unit-12 Aglossaryformodelingandanimation

Unit-12 Computeranimationtechniques



1. Introductiontocomputergraphics

Introduction

Typesofcomputergraphics

Applicationsofcomputergraphics

Classificationofapplicationincomputergraphics

Interacttocomputergraphics

Useofprimitivesincomputergraphics

2. Inputdevices Introduction

Keyboard

Mouse

Trackball

Joystick

Digitizerandgraphicstablet

Touchpanel

Voicesystem

3. Outputdevices Printer

Impactvs.nonimpact

Dotmatrixprinter

Lineprinter

Inkjetprinter

Laserprinter

Electrostaticprinter

4. Displaydevices Video

Digitalvideo

Advantagesofdigitalvideo

Digitalvideostandards

Videocompression

MPEG

Pixel

Resolution

Imageresolutionversusdotpitch

Aspectratio

Raterscandisplay

Refreshrateandinterlacing

Cathoderaytube

Colourdepthandbitplanes

Framebufferandoutputcircuitry

Randomscandisplay

Directviewstoragetubeflat



Flatpaneldisplay

LCD

Plasmapanel

Readymadeimage

Flatbedscanner

5. Scanconversion Introduction

Pointandlinedrawingalgorithms

Circlegeneratingalgorithms

Midpointcirclegeneratingalgorithm

Midpointcirclealgorithm

Parallelversionsofthesealgorithms

6. 2DTransformation

Basictransformationandmatrixrepresentation

Generalpivotpointrotation

Generalfixedpointscaling

2Dtransformations

Translation

Scaling

Rotation

Compositionoftransformations

7. 3Dcomputergraphics

Parallelprojection

Orthographicprojection

Obliqueprojection

Isometricprojections

Perspectiveprojection

Translation

8. 3Dtransformation

Rotation

Scaling

Shear

Transformationmatrices

9. Computergraphicscurves

Typesofcurves

Implicitcurves

Explicitcurves

Parametriccurves

Beziercurves

PropertiesofBeziercurves



B–splinecurves

Propertiesofb–splinecurves

10. Clipping Introduction

Lineclipping

Polygonclipping

SutherlandHodgemanpolygonclipping

11. 3Dmodeling

Modelstructure

Modelappearance

Modelimagesandsimulations

Visualdetails

Simulationdetails

Modelingsoftware

Interactivemodelers

Scriptedmodels

Majorissues

Modelandrendering

Operationsonmodels

Representationstructures

Modelclassification

Surfaceandboundarymodels

Implicitsurfacesalgebraicequations

Polygons

Fractalsandgraftals

Curvedsurfaces

VolumeandCSGmodels

Octrees

Constructivesolidgeometry

12. Aglossaryformodelingandanimation

Adaptivesampling

Aliasing

Algebraicsurface

Ambient

Animation

Antialiasing

Articulation

Background

Bend

Binaryspacepartitioning

Bivariatepatch

Blob



Booleanoperation

B-rep

Boundaryrepresentation

B-spline

Bumpmapping

CAD

CatmullRomspline

Celanimation

Clippingplanes

Compositing

Constraints

Constructivesolidgeometry

Contour

Controlpoint

Concave

Continuity

Convexhull

Databaseamplification

Datastructure

Depthcueing

Fractal

Geometriceditor

Goniometricdiagram

Graftals

hierarchy

Hitherclippingplane

Implicitsurface

Interpolation

Interpolation

Intersection

Keyframes

Keyparameters

Kinematics

Levelsurface

Lightsource

Luminaries

Localcoordinatesystem

Matte

Mipmap

Octree

Orthogonalprojection

Particlesystem

Patchalmost

Patch

Perspectiveprojection



Polygon

Potentialfunction

Primitives

Quadraticsurface

Quadtree

Radiosity

Raycasting

Raytracing

Reflection

Reflectivity

Rendering

Rotation

Zbuffer

13. Computeranimationtechniques

Introduction

Animationtechniques

Parametricinterpolation

InverseKinematics

Constraints

Dynamics

Simulation

Scriptingsystem

Artificialintelligencecontrol

SubjectName:AdvancedComputerArchitecture

SubjectCode:MCS403 PaperCode:ACA/M





(W.E.F.JULY2016Session)

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1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

2. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

3. THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

4. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

5. ORGANISATIONS / STRUCTURE /FUNCTION

6. SYSTEM BUS / BUS STRUCTURE

7. ELEMENTS OF BUS DESIGN

8. INTERRUPTS & INSTRUCTION CYCLE

9. INTERNAL MEMORY

10. INPUT / OUTPUT

11. INPUT / OUTPUT (CONTD.)

12. INTRODUCTION TO CPU

13. COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

14. SUBTRACTORS



ADVANCEDCOMPUTERARCHITECTURE

UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS Objectives of the Unit:

What Is A Computer?

History of Computers

Classification of Computers

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Permanent Memory (Auxiliary Storage)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Telecommunications

Emerging Trends

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-2 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS Objectives of the unit

Printer

Computer Memory

Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)

Application Software

System Software

Computer Languages

First Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953

Second Generation (1955-1964)

UNIT-3 THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Third Generation (1964-1975)

Fourth Generation (1975-1989)

Features of Fourth Generation computers

Fifth Generation (1989)

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-4 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS Objectives of the Unit:

Characteristic of Computers

Evolution of Computers

Von Neumann Machine

General Structure of the IAS Computer.

Drexler's Architecture for an Assembler

The Unit in a Go

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-5 ORGANISATIONS / STRUCTURE /FUNCTION Organization and Architecture

Computer Architecture

Structure and Function

Data Communication

The Computer Top –Level Structure

Factors Affecting the Performance Factors



How to Estimate A Performance Of Computer

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-6 SYSTEM BUS / BUS STRUCTURE Structure and Its Importance

Computer Components

Computer Function

Buses

Bus Structure Review Question Further Readings

UNIT-7 ELEMENTS OF BUS DESIGN Bus Types

Method of Arbitration

Timing

Data Transfer Type

UNIT-8 INTERRUPTS & INSTRUCTION CYCLE Introduction

Classes of Interrupts

Interrupts and the Instruction Cycle

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-9 INTERNAL MEMORY Objectives of the unit

Key Characteristics of Computer Memory

Semiconductor Main Memory

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-10 INPUT / OUTPUT Objectives of the unit

External Devices

Keyboard/Monitor

I/O modules

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-11 INPUT / OUTPUT (CONTD.) Objectives of the Unit

Programmed I/O:

Interrupt-Driven I/O

Drawbacks of Programmed and Interrupt-Driven I/O

DMA Function

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-12 INTRODUCTION TO CPU Objectives of the unit

Central processing unit (CPU)

Arithmetic and logical unit

Integer Representation

Sign-Magnitude Representation



Sign-Magnitude Representation

Two’s Complement Representation

Converting Between Different Bit Lengths

Review Question

Further Readings

UNIT-13 CONT.. Subtraction Rule

Multiplication

Two’s Complement Multiplication

Unsigned Binary Numbers Introduction:

Addition of Unsigned Numbers

Subtraction of Unsigned Numbers

Floating Point Unit

Review Question

Further Reading

UNIT-14 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC Logic gates

AND gate

OR gate

NOT gate

NAND gate

NOR gate

EXOR gate

Sequential circuits

DESIGN PROCEDURE

ADDERS

Half-Adder

Full-Adder

Review Question

Further Reading

UNIT- 15 SUBTRACTORS Introduction

Half-Subtractor

Full-Subtractor

Code Conversion

Analysis Procedure

Multilevel Nand Circuits

Universal Gate

Boolean Function Implementation –Block Diagram Method

Analysis Procedure

Derivation of the Boolean Function by Algebraic Manipulation

Derivation of the Truth Table

Multilevel Nor Circuits

Universal Gate

EXCLUSIVE-OR ANDEQUIVALENCE FUNCTIONS

Review Question

Further Readings

SubjectName:ProgramminginJava

SubjectCode:MCS404 PaperCode:PJ/M

DIRECTORATEOFDISTANCEEDUCATION

INTEGRALUNIVERSITY,LUCKNOW




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Unit-1 Introductiontolanguage

Unit–2 Aboutjava

Unit–3 Javatokens

Unit–4 Controlstructureanditerativestatement

Unit–5 OOP’sconceptswithclassesandobjects

Unit–6 Introductiontostring,arrayandvector

Unit–7 Exceptionhandling

Unit–8 Multithreading

Unit-9 AppletandAWT

Unit-10 Swing



PROGRAMMINGINJAVA

1. Introductiontolanguage Machinelanguage

Assemblylanguage

Highlevellanguage

Javaasaprogrammingplatform

Featuresofjava

Simple

Objectoriented

Networksavvy

Robust

Secure

Architecturenatural

Portable

Interpreted

Highperformance

Multithreaded

Dynamic

Historyofjava

Whyjavanameforjavalanguage

Javavisionhistory

Commonmisconceptionsaboutjava

2. Introductiontojava Java

Platform

Javaisplatformindependent

ThedifferencebetweenC++andjava

C++

Whathappensatruntime

Typesofjavaprogram

Applicationprograms

Appletprograms

Applet

Servlet

Javaarchitecture

Javavirtualmachine

Whyjavaisplatformindependent

Javaruntimeenvironmentandjavaarchitectureindetails



Javastandardlibrary

InternalarchitectureofJVM

3. Javatokens Simpleprogramofjava

Understandingfirstjavaprogram

Datatypesvariablesandoperations

Keyword

Reservedkeywords

Javaconstants

Scopeofvariables

Scopeofcategories

Membervariable

Localvariable

DataType

Javaprimitivedatatypes

Typesofoperators

Logicaloperator

Bitwiseoperator

Incrementanddecrement

Relationaloperators

Conditionaloperators

Specialoperators

Assignmentoperator

Punctuationsymbols

4. Controlstructureanditerativestatement Input/output

Inputstatement

Outputstatement

Controlflowstatement

Decisionmakingstatement

Compoundalternatives

Loopingstatement

Flowchart

Loopcontrolstatement

Methodcalling

Typescasting

Wideningorautomatictypesconversion



5. OOP’sconceptswithclassesandobjects ObjectinJava

Javanamingconventions

Constructor

Javadefaultconstructor

Purposeofdefaultconstructor

Statickeyword

Exploringmethodsandinheritanceaggregationinjava

Whenuseaggregation

Polymorphism

Inheritance

Typesofinheritance

Methodoverriding

Runtimepolymorphism

Upcasting

Abstractclass

Packingandinterface

6. Introductiontostring,arrayandvector String

Javastringclassmethods

Stringconcatenationinjava

Substringinjava

Comparisonsofstring

Javastringbufferclass

Mutablestring

Array

Advantagesofarray

Disadvantagesofarray

Typesofarray

Declaration,instantiationandinitializationarray

Passingarraytomethod

Multidimensionalarray

Wrapperclass

7. Exceptionhandling Exception

Exceptionhandling

Hierarchyofjavaexceptionclass

Typesofexception



Tryblock

Catchblock

Multicatchblock

Throwkeyword

Throwskeyword

8. Multithreading Advantagesofjavamultithreading

Threadinjava

Lifecycleofathread

Threadschedulerinjava

9. Applet Advantagesofapplet

Hierarchyofapplet

AWTandeventhandling

Javaeventhandling

10. Swing DifferencebetweenAWTandswing

JFC

Hierarchyofjavaswingclasses

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