directorate of school education, government of … · zoology syllabus (long version) level of...

DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU, CHENNAI - 600 006.ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS (LONG VERSION)

Level of Organisation1.1. Cellular Level Organisation

STANDARD

Expected SpecificOutcomes of Learning

Content in termsof Concepts

CurriculumTransactional Strategies Illustrations Evaluation

SuggestedNo. of Periods

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

I Bio - Diversity

1.1. Taxonomic System

1.1. TaxonomicSystem

1.1.1. Introduction -Taxa andspeciesconcepts -Methods ofTaxonomy

1.1.2. PheneticMethods

1.1.3. IdentificationKeys

1.1.4. Cyto taxonomy

1.1.5. Chemotaxonomy

1.1.6. Palaeotaxonomy

1.1.7. Nomenclature -Methods

1. What isbiologicalspeciesconcept?

2. What is theimportance ofKaryotypes intaxonomy?

3.

What ispalaeotaxonomy?

4. What is theimportance ofIso-enzymes intaxonomy?

1. Realises need forTaxonomy

2. Understands speciesconcept.

3. Knows the importanceof similarities anddissimilarities inPhenetic method.

4. Becomes familiar withidentification keys

5. Knows the methods ofNomenclature.

1. Usage of Charts

XI

1. Sketches offlow chartsand relevantdiagrams

10 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

2

I Bio - Diversity

1.2. Animal Groups

1.2. Animal Groups

1.2.1. Methods ofgrouping animals

1.2.1. Major phyla -Generalcharacters withappropriateexamples.

Protozoa - Porifera- Coelenterata -Platyhelminthes -Aschelminthes -Annelida -Arthropoda -Mollusca -Echinodermatea -Chordata -Prochordata -Vertebrata - Pisces- Amphibia -Reptilia - Aves -Mammalia.

1.2.3. Type study -Plasmodium -Earthworm -Amphioxus - Frog- Pigeon

1. What is acoelenterate?

2. Mention theparasiticadaptations ofplatyhelminthicworms.

3. Differentiateradial andbilateralsymmetry withexamples.

1. Realises the differencesbetween Parazoa andMetazoa.

2. Recalls the role ofcoelom in grouping ofmetazoans

3. Knows the intermediaryposition ofProchordates betweenInvertebrates andVertebrates.

4. Recalls the life cycle ofPlasmodium.

5. Compares the organsystems of earthwormand frog.

1. Visit to Museum

2. Visit to Zoo.

3. Observing preservedspecimens

4. Learning Taxidermyand wet preservation.

5. Usage of Charts vedioclippings and Films.

XI

1. Figures ofimportantexamples

2. Life cycle ofPlasmodium

3. Releventdiagrams.

30 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

3

II Cell Biology

2.1. Introduction -Microscopy andcytologicaltechniques

1. What is theadvantage ofusingElectronMicroscope.

1. Recalls the units ofmeasurements

2. Knows the principles ofElectron Microscopy.

3. Realises the need forstaining in Microscopy.

4. Knows the methods ofpreparation oftemporary mounts.

1. Observing the parts of acompound Microscope.

2. Preparing temporarymounts.

3. Making observationsunder a microscope.

XI

1. Photographof an ElectronMicroscope

2. Diagramaticsketchshowing pathof electrons inan Electronmicroscope

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

4

II Cell Biology

2.2. Animal cell -Ultra structure

2.2.1. Plasma Membrane

2.2.2. Nucleus andNuclear content.

2.2.3. Mitochondria

2.2.4. Ribosomes

2.2.5. EndoplasmicReticulum

2.2.6. Lysosomes

2.2.7. Golgibodies

2.2.8. Centrosomes

2.2.9. Chromosomes

2.2.10.Cytologicaltechniques - Microtechniques, stainingtechniques,temporary andpermanent mounts,Electronmicroscopic studies

1. Write shortnotes on anycellorganelles.

1. Recalls the various cellorganelles and theirfunctions

1. Observing Charts.

2. Preparing models andcutouts

XI

1. Ultra structureof a cell

2. Diagrams oforganelles

8 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

5

II Cell Biology

2.4. Cancer Biology

2.4.1. Cancer -Definition

2.4.2. Types of Cancer

2.4.3. Chemotherapy

2.4.4. Radio therapy

1. Why iscancercaused?

2. What arecarcinogenicagents?

3. What isChemo-therapy?

1. Realises that cancer isdue to abnormal celldivisions

2. Knows the names ofvarious forms ofcancers.

3. Knows that cancer ispathological

4. Familiarises withvarious treatmentprocedures.

1. Pictures showingvarious types of cancer.

XI

1. SuitablediagramshowingRadio therapy

9 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

6

III Human Anatomy

3.1. Human Systems

3.1.1. Historical Account

3.1.2. Skin and itsderivatives

3.1.3. Skin and itsderivatives

3.1.4. Skeletal system

3.1.5. Muscular system

3.1.6. Digestive system

3.1.7. Respiratory system

3.1.8. Circulatory system

3.1.9. Lymphatic system

3.1.10.Nervous system

3.1.11.Sense organs

3.1.12.Endocrine system

3.1.13.Excretory system

3.1.14.Reproductivesystem

1. Describes theanatomy ofany organsystem.

1. Becomes familiar withhistory of anatomy

2. Knows the structuralcomponents of allsystems.

3. Able to Draw sketches.

1. Charts

2. Preserved organs

3. Skeleton - Real / Model

4. CD

5. Dissecting a mammal

XI

1. RelevantDiagrams

40 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

7

IV Principles of Genetics

4.1. QuantitativeInheritance

1. What aremultiplefactors?

2. Relatedproblems.

1. Understandsincomplete dominance

2. Knows multiple factors

1. Charts

XI

1. Photographsof whites,negroes andnegro -Whites

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

8


4.2. Sexdetermination

1. What is agynandro -morph.

2. What is sexreversal.

1. Recalls Chromosometheory of Sexdetermination

2. Understands Genicbalance theory of sexdetermination

3. Realises the role of sexdetermination.

1. Charts

XI

1. Relevantsketches

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

9


4.3. Pleiotropy 1. Provide anexample forpleiotropicgenes

1. Recalls the role ofgenes in bringing outphenotypic characters.

2. Understands thefunctioning of modifiersand supressors

3. Knows the role ofpleiotropic genes.

1. Charts

XI

1. Suitablediagrams

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

10


4.4. Sex linkedinheritance

1. Make a list ofsex linkedcharacters inman.

2. Relatedproblems

3. What is criss-crossinheritance

1. Knows sex linked traits

2. Understands sexlinkage in Drosophila

3. Knows sex linkedcharacters in man

1. Charts

XI

1. Suitablediagrams

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

11


4.5. Multiple alleles

4.5.1. Blood groups

1. Problemsrelated toblood group

2. What iserythroblastosis -foetalis?

1. Recalls various types ofblood grouping

2. Understands theconcept of aglutininand aglutinogen inblood grouping

3. Knows Rhesus factor

1. Charts

XI

1. Pictureshowingantiserumeffects

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

12


4.7. Hardy - Weinberg law - Population Genetics

4.7. Hardy -Weinberg Law- PopulationGenetics.

1. What are theconditionsfor theoperation ofHardy-WeinbergLaw?

2. What is theimportanceof PopulationGenetics?

1. Realises the role ofgenes at a populationlevel.

2. Familiarises himselfwith the Hardyweinberg law.

1. Charts and slides

XI

1. Relevantdiagrams

4 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

13

V Developmental Biology

5.1. Egg types -outline idea

1. Differentiatemicro andmacrolecithaleggs.

2. What aretelolecithalegg?

3. What iscleidoic egg?

4. Name theorganismproducingalecithalegg.

1. Recalls types of eggsbased on yolk content

1. Charts and slides

XI

1. Diagramsshowing typesof eggs.

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

14


5.2. Cleavage andtypes - Frog�segg

1. What is adiscoidalegg.

2. Trace theplanes ofCleavage inFrog�s egg.

1. Recalls planes ofCleavage

2. Understands thatcleavage is related toamount of yolk.

1. Charts, slides andmodels

XI

1. Appropriatediagrams

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

15


5.3. Gastrulation -Frog�s egg

1. What isepiboly andemboly?

2. What is therole of dorsallip of theblastopore?

3. What is anorganiser?

1. Recalls the process ofgastrulation

2. Differentiates a blastulafrom a gastrula

1. Charts and Slides

XI

1. Stages ingastrulation

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

16


5.4. Organogenesis

5.4.1. Neurulation

5.4.2. Ectodermalderivatives

5.4.3. Mesodermalderivatives

5.4.4. Endodermalderivatives

1. How is thecoelomformed?

2. Mention theformation ofalimentrycanal

3. What is pro-meso andmeta-aephros?

1. Understands theprocess of Neurulation

2. Knows the process offormation of organs likeEye, Brain & Heart.

1. Charts, Models

XI

1. Appropriatediagrams

10 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

17

VI Economic Zoology

6.1. Beneficialanimals

6.1.1. Corals - reafbuilding -Ornamental

6.1.2. Planaria -Regenerationstudies

6.1.3. Earthworm -Vermiculture

6.1.4. Beneficialinsects

6.1.5. Prawns, Crabs,Lobsters

6.1.6. Pearl oysters6.1.7. Fishes - Nutritive

value & OmegaFatty acid -Medical &Economicalimportance

6.1.8. Guano (BirdExcreta)

6.1.9. Ornamental,Aesthetic values -Aquarium,Terrarium -Vivarium (Zoo)

1. What isregeneration?

2. What arecoral reefs?

3. Name thebeneficialinsects

4. What is theimportanceof omegafatty acids innutrition?

5. How will youestablish anaquarium?

1. Realises that there areeconomically beneficialanimals.

2. Recalls the importanceof vermi culture

3. Knows the value offishes

1. Charts specimensphotographs videos

XI

1. Appropriatediagrams andphotographs

8 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

18

VI Economical Zoology

6.2. EconomicEntomology

6.2.1. Beneficial Insects

6.2.2. Harmful Insects

1. What isEntomophily?

2. What are theinsects thataffect thestored foodproducts?

3. Where isvectorcontrolResearchCentrelocated?

1. Recalls the benefitsderived from insects.

2. Knows methods ofsericulture andApiculture.

3. Understands the role ofinsection in spreadingdiseases

4. Knows agricultural pests

1. Charts, museumspecimens

XI

1. Relevantpictures

6 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

19

VI Economical Zoology

6.3. HarmfulAnimals

6.3.1. Disease causingorganisms -vectors

6.3.2. Poisonousorganisms

6.3.3. Fowlingorganisms

6.3.4. Pests

6.3.5. Vectors

1. What arevector bornediseases?

2. What is aneurotoxicpoison?

3. How does ahoney beesting?

4. What arefowlingorganisms?

5. Differentiatepests andvectors

1. Recalls the diseasescaused by animals

2. Recollects insects ascarriers of diseases

3. Knows the poisonapparatus of a snake

1. Charts, pictures

XI

1. Diagrams ofdiseasecausingorganism

2. Poisonapparatus ofCobra

6 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

20

VII Origin of life

7.1. Theories

7.1.1. Theory of Specialcreation

7.1.2. CosmozoicTheory

7.1.3. Theory ofspontaneousgeneration

Big Bang theory

A.I. Oparin�stheory

J.B.S. Haldane�shypothesis

Urey - MillerHypothesis andExperiment

CoacervationTheory

1. What is theopinion ofOparinregardingorigin of life?

2. How didoxygen comeinto ourenvironment?

1. Thinks about origin ofall forms of life.

2. Becomes familiar withall theories

1. Charts Pictures

XI

1. Diagramshowing Urey-Millerexperiment

2. AppropriatePictures

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

21

VII Origin of life

7.2. Geologicaltime scale

7.2.1. Eras

7.2.2. Periods

7.2.3. Epochs

7.2.4. Major events ineach period

1. What waspre -cambrianperiod?

2. Why do youcall palaeo -zoic era as the�craddle ofancient life?�

3. Which wasthe age offishes?

4. Which wasthe goldenage ofreptiles?

1. Familiarises with all erasand periods

2. Knows the importanceof studying geologicaltime scale.

3. Understands majorevents in each period.

1. Charts

XI

1. Tableshowing eras,periods andtheirdurations.

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

22

VII Origin of life

7.3. Palaentology

7.3.1. Extinct animals -Mass extinctions

7.3.2. Fossils

7.3.3. Fossilization

7.3.4. Dating of Fossils

7.3.5. Fossils andEvolutionarysignificance

1. Why didDinosaursbecomeextinct by theend ofMesozoic era?

2. What ispetrification?

3. What iscarbondating?

1. Recalls extinction ofanimals

2. Understands methodsof fossilisation

3. Knows the importanceof dating of fossils

1. Charts

XI

1. Diagrams offossils

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

23

VII Origin of life

7.4. Evidences for evolution

7.4. Evidences forevolution

7.4.1. Comparativeanatomy

7.4.2. Embryology

7.4.3. Physiology

7.4.4. Vestigeal organs

7.4.5. Geographicaldistribution

1. What arevestigealorgans?

2. What is thesignificance ofthe islandfauna?

3. Compare thehearts invertebrates

1. Knows that Biologyprovides variousevidences in support ofevolution

2. Understands Bio-Genetic Law and itsimportance

1. Charts

XI

1. Relevantdiagrams

4 periods

SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL

ZOOLOGY - (Long Version)

STANDARD - XI

I Earthworm - Mounting of Body setae - minimum 3setae

II Shark - Mounting of Placoid scales

III Study of parts of a compound microscope anddissection microscope. Demonstration -Circulationof Blood in the wing of a live cockroach.

IV Prepared slides - observation - drawing and writingnotes on

1. Plasmodium - any 2 stages

2. Paramoecium - entire, Paramoecium - conjugation

3. Hydra - entire

4. Tapeworm - Scolex

5. Earthworm - Body setae and Peneal setae - Cross section ofbody

6. Amphioxus - entire

7. Amphioxus - Cross section through different regions

8. Shark - Placoid scales

V Museum specimens

1. Simple sponge

2. Corals

3. Tapeworm - entire

4. Ascaris entire (male and female)

5. Earthworm entire

6. Prawn entire

7. Cockroach - Dorsal and ventral view

8. Apple snail

9. Sepia

10. Star fish

11. Sea urchin

12. Amphioxus

13. Shark

14. A Teleost fish

15. Frog

16. Calotes

17. A snake

18. Pigeon

19. Quill feather

20. Rat

VI Demonstration only

1. Earthworm - Viscera and Nervous system

2. Frog - Buccal cavity, viscera and Digestive system.

VII Human anatomy

1. Upper and lower jaw with dentition

2. Models / actual bones - humerus, radius ulna, femur, tibia,fibula, vertebrae, pelvic girdle

directorate of school education, government of … · zoology syllabus (long version) level of...

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