disaster management
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT IS A DISASTER“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on
a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or
area”. (W.H.O.)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering
and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC)
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster management is the continuous process by which all individual , group and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or reduce the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards. Which involves preparing, supporting and rebuilding society when disaster occur.
PHASES OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT
Disaster manageme
nt
Mitigation (1)
Preparedness (2)
Response (3)
Recovery (4)
MITIGATIONMitigation efforts attempts to prevent
hazards from developing into disaster altogether , or to reduce the effect when they occur.
Focuses on long term to reduce the effect.Measures can be structural and non
structural. It is the most cost efficient method for
reducing impact
PREPAREDNESSCOMMON PREPAREDNESS MEASUARES
Communication plans with easily understandable terminology.
Development and practice of multi-agency coordination and incident command.
Proper maintenance and training of emergency services.
Development and exercise of emergency population warning methods combined with emergency shelters .
Stockpiling, inventory, and maintenance of supplies and equipment
RESPONSEThis phase includes mobilization of the necessary
emergency services and fist responder of the disaster area.
Initiate a first wave core of emergency services like police, ambulance ,along with specialist rescue team.
Well prepared preparedness phase gives efficient rescue effort.
RECOVERYThe aim of recovery phase is to restore the
affected area to its previous state.Efforts are concerned with issues and decision
that must be made after immediate needs are addressed.
Recovery actions include rebuilding destroyed building, re-employment, and repair of other essential infrastructure
DISASTER AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
There are different types of disaster like floods ,earthquakes, cyclone and land slides.Management of disaster include four steps as mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery
FLOOD A flood is an overflow of water that
submerges or “drowns” land
CAUSES
Over rainPoor natural drainage.Land slides
EFFECTS
Loss of lifeDamage to infrastructureProblems related to power transmissionWaterborne diseasesEconomical losses
FLOOD MANAGEMENTWaterways prone to floods are often managed carefully.Defence such as levees , bunds, reservoirs , Seawalls.Dams can be built and maintained over time.Disaster risk management programme in flood prone area.Awareness generation campaigns .Flood forecasting stations around the rivers
EARTHQUAKEEarthquake are caused by the abrupt release of
strain that build up in the earth’s crust
CAUSESSudden release of energy from the earth crustDue to the compressional or tensional stresses build up in the margins of the huge moving lithospheric plates
EFFECTSVolcanic activity.Land slidesEconomical lossesLoss of life
EARTHQUAKE MANAGEMENT
Building construction in urban areas should controlled by rules and regulations. disaster warning system.Seismic retrofitting.Awareness generating campaign.
LAND SLIDESGeological phenomenon that includes a wide range of movement , such as rock falls, deep failures of slopes
and shallow debris falls
CAUSESAction of gravity on an over steepened slopeEarthquake adding loads to barely stable slope.Volcanic eruptions.Vibration from machinery or traffic EFFECTSTsunami Destroy livesEconomical lossesVisual pollution
LAND SLIDE MANAGEMENTGenerate maps of future occurrence of land slides using satellite with GSMAvoid improper land use practice such as heavy drilling ,agricultural practicesInstallation of better alert systemMining processes should reducedCampaign for awareness
CYCLONEIn meteorology , a cyclone is an area of closed,
circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as earth
CAUSESCyclones are caused by atmospheric disturbance around a low pressure area distinguished by swift and often destructive air circulation
EFFECTSStanding water can cause spread deceasesTransportation and communication infrastructure may destroyDevastation often continues
CYCLONE MANAGEMENT
Tree plantation on coastal beltsConstruction of dams ,dykes and wind breaksInstallation of better warning systemConstruction of proper drainage and wide roads for quick evacuation of affected people
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT
An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects
DEFINITION“The process of identifying , predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposal prior to major decision being taken and commitments done.”
KEY ELEMENTS OF EIA SCOPING: Identify key issues and concerns of
interested parties. SCREENING: Deciding whether an EIA is required
based on Information collected. IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES :
Listing alternative sites and techniques and the impacts of each.
MITIGATING MEASURES DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY: Reviewing proposed action to prevent or minimize the potential
adverse effects of the project. ISSUING ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENTS: Reporting
the findings of the EIA.
METHODS FOR CONDUCTING EIA INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS : Product
environment life cycle analysis is used for identifying and measuring the impact on the environment of industrial products
GENETICALY MODIFIED PLANTS : There are many methods available for EIA’s of genetically modified plants, as GMP-RAM, INOVA etc.
FUZZY ARITHMETIC : To treat this information, which is generally inaccurate, systematically, fuzzy arithmetic and approximate reasoning methods can be utilized .This is known as fuzzy logic approach
KEY POINTS REMEMBER WHILE CONDUCTING EIA
Recognize it as a tool to enhance the decision making
process, "not the decision making process itself"
Keep the assessment simple Focus time and effort on the most relevant
matters Don't invest too much, nor too little, time on
an assessment Tailor each assessment to the particular needs
of the projectAvoid secrecy
EIA REPORTA description of the project: location, design, scale, size etc. Description of significant effects. Mitigating Measures A Non-Technical summary
WHILE PREPARING A EIA REPORTBe as concise as possibleAvoid jargonReport on all relevant mattersAnalyze significant details in greater depthProvide a rationale for excluding topics from
further considerationMention opportunities for environmental
enhancementTry to propose conclusion that can be
defended by the environmental assessment team
BENEFITS OF EIA
Reduced cost and time of project implementation. Cost-saving modifications in project design. Increased project acceptance. Avoiding impacts and violations of laws and regulations. Improved project performance. Avoiding waste treatment/clean up expenses
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