disaster management policy framework in japan · the number of deaths attributed to natural...
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Disaster Management Policy Frameworkin JAPAN
Director, Setsuko Saya
International Cooperation Division,
Disaster Management Bureau,
Cabinet Office of JAPAN
19 March, 2018
Session 1
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
昭和
20
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 平成
元
3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
(人)
(年)
主な災害:三河地震(2,306人),枕崎台風(3,756人)
主な災害:福井地震(3,769人)
主な災害:伊勢湾台風(5,098人)
主な災害:南紀豪雨(1,124人)
主な災害:洞爺丸台風(1,761人)
主な災害:阪神・淡路大震災(6,437人)
主な災害:カスリーン台風(1,930人)
主な災害:東日本大震災(22,118人)
主な災害:南海地震(1,443人)
出典:昭和20年は主な災害による死者・行方不明者(理科年表による)。昭和21~27年は日本気象災害年報、昭和28年~37年は警察庁資料、昭和38年以降は消防庁資料をもとに内閣府作成
主な災害:東日本大震災(22,118人)
17319089115 25571283
The number of deaths attributed to natural disasters
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
19 21 23 25 27
(人)
(年)
39 101
そのまま訳してください白書付属資料8参照
Source: 1945 year, the deaths / missing person due to major disasters (according to science chronology). 1946 to 52 year, annual report of Japan Meteorological Agency. 1953 to 1962materials of the National Police Agency, and Since 1960, from material of Cabinet Office based on Fire and Disaster Management Agency
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
(People)
(Year)
Main disasters: Mikawa Earthquake (2,306), TyphoonMakurazaki (3,756)
Main disaster: Fukui Earthquake (3,769)
Main disaster: Typhoon Isewan (5,098)
Main disaster: Nanki torrential rains (1,124)
Main disaster: Typhoon Touyamaru (1,761)
Major disaster: Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (6,437)
Main disaster: Typhoon Kathleen (1,930)
Major disaster: Great East Japan Earthquake (22,118)
Main disaster: Nankai Earthquake (1,443)
Source: 1945 year, the deaths / missing person due to major disasters (according to science chronology). 1946 to 52 year, annual report of Japan Meteorological Agency. 1953 to 1962materials of the National Police Agency, and Since 1960, from material of Cabinet Office based on Fire and Disaster Management Agency
2
62
327
148177
3910111589
190173283
71
333
82
20
03 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Land slides(77)、Volcano(63)
Typhoon(98)、Chuetsu Earthquake(68)
Kumamoto Earthquake(258)
Cabinet Office(Disaster Management)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Sci-
ence and Technology
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Cabinet Secretariat
Cabinet
Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries
Japan MeteorologicalAgency (JMA)
Geographical Survey Institute
Ministry of Land,Infrastructure, Transport,
and Tourism
Japan CoastGuard
Ministry of the Environment
Ministry of Defense
Fire and Disaster Management Agency
Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications
Small and Medium Enterprise Agency
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
Director-General for Disaster Management
Deputy Director-Generals for Disaster Management
Director for General Affairs
Director for Basic Disaster Management Plan
Director for Research and Planning
Director for Recovery Project Promotion
Director for promotion, educationand international cooperation
On disaster preparedness
Ministry ofJustice
Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry
Ministry ofFinance
National Public Safety Commission National Police Agency
Director for Training and Capacity Building
Organization Chart of the national government of Japan
Reconstruction Agency
Nuclear Regulation Authority 3
Director for Disaster Response
Operations
Director for Support for
Affected People
4
Preparedness
Early warning
Vulnerability
Info collection
HQ for early warning
Issue evacuation order等
Evacuation center
Guide for evacuation
<Prevent occurrence of damage>
Fire management facilities
Anti-earthquake structure
Meteorological forecasting and assessment
<Reduce damage>
Disaster management planning
Operation handbook for Emergency HQ
Support agreementStockpile
Hazard map Estimate damage
Citizens awareness, education, training
Capacity building
Training
Workshop
Emergency Headquarters
Arrangement
PR
Secure safety
Communication among organisations
Collecting info
Planning
Support from other organizations
Procurement
Organization reform
Evacuation order may end up for “nothing”, but can never be overlooked for something
Act for the worst case scenario if you have some concerns
Principles for disaster managementPreparedness is indispensable. Without preparation, it does not work.
Resource manageme
nt
Operation
Planning
EarthquakeTsunami
Volcano eruptionTyphoon
Heavy rainHeavy snow
Tornado
etc
Levees, dams for protecting infrastructure
Building regulation
Community network activities
Event
Hazards
Recovery,
Reconstructio
n(Build Back
Better)
Response
Supply goods
HQ for response
Info collection
Request support across regions
RescueMedical support
Fire fighters
Logistic routes
Recovery of utility
Avoid secondary impact
Connect isolated areas
Traffic congestion
Support
affected
peopleManagement of evacuation center
Volunteers
Apply laws to support affecter people
Ex-gratia payment
Validation of “affected”
List of affected people
Temporary houses
Financial support to restart lives
Sanity, quarantine
Validation of damaged houses
Recovery of damaged facilities
Financial support
Disaster debris
Recovery of economy
Basic Principle
Reconstruction planning
Urban planning
HQ for reconstruction
Assess and improve
Law, acts and planning
Process of disaster management policies
2.Organisations for comprehensive DM policies
promotion
○National level:National Council for Disaster
Management, Headquarters for DM, Field HQ for DM
○Prefecture and municipality level: Local DM Council,
DM Headquarters
3. DM Plans-Prepare and implement DM measures strategically
○National level:Basic Plan for Disaster Management
○Designated administrative organizations, designated organizations for public services:DM
activity plan
○Prefecture and municipalities:Local Plans for DM ○Citizens:Community DM Plan
7.Emergency response
○Issue the order of emergency ⇒ the cabinet decides the policy outline for emergency response
○Emergency measures(Limit the supply of necessities, grace period for the payment of debt, emergency governmental order how to accept the support from
foreign countries, automatic execution of a law on large scale disasters
6.Financial support
○Executing entity on implementations of laws has to bear the associating costs ○The national government supports recovery from extreme events financially.
Objectives: To protect people’s lives and assets from disasters, and contribute to the societies’ safety and well-being
4.Promotion of DM measures
○Prevention, Response and recovery phases; The roles and divisions of works by each organizations
○Mayors have the primary responsibility to respond to disasters (e.g. evacuation orders). Prefectures and designate administrative organizations can
represent mayors for response in case of large scale disasters
1.Goals and responsibilities
○Goals of disaster management policies 1 Disaster risk reduction, 2 division of responsibilities, 3 science and technology, 4 information to support people’s
lives, 5 vulnerable people, 6 Build Back Better
○Responsibilities of the national, prefectural, municipalities and designated organisations for public services. -DRR planning and implementation, mutual
cooperation
○Responsibilities of citizens -be prepared for disasters and stock foods and the necessities of life, participate in DRR activates
5.Measures to support refugees
○List the names of those who need special care in case of emergency ○Institutionalize the system of evacuation and logistics when there is a need for
evacuation at a trans-municipality scale
○Clarify the standard of refugee evacuations centers
○Improve the support system of refugees by issuing certificate of being suffered and developing refugee list
Basic Act on Disaster Management (1961-)
6
National Council on Disaster Management
- Established under the Basic Act on Disaster Management
- Chaired by the Prime Minister.
- Consists of Ministers, heads of public institutions and experts from science and technology.
The Roles of the National Council is…
- to formulate and promote major disaster management policies, including deciding
the Basic Plan for Disaster Management
7
Basic Plan for Disaster Management
-Stipulated in the Basic Act on Disaster Management
National Basic Plan for DRR (since 1963, last update in 2017)- Approved by the National Council on Disaster
Management (Chair: Prime Minister)
Prefecture Basic Plan for DRR (47 prefectures)- Approved by the Prefecture Council on
Disaster Management (Chair: Governor)
Municipality Basic Plan for DRR (all municipalities; 1,718)- Approved by the Municipality Council on
Disaster Management (Chair: Mayor)
Community DRR Plan- Draft prepared by citizens- Propose the draft to the municipality to be
include in the Municipality Basic Plan
Objectives: - Improve preparedness - Response efficiently in case of emergency - Facilitate recovery and reconstruction processes
Actions in DRR phases1. Prevention/preparation 2. Response 3. Recovery and reconstruction
Specific actions for each type of disasters• Earthquake• Tsunami• Water related (floods)• Volcano • Snow • Maritime accidents• Railroad accidents• Road accidents• Nuclear accident etc
White Paper on Disaster Management
- 2017 Version is the 55th edition since 1963- Publish and report it to the parliament
every year- Available on the web by PDF version
Topics: Kumamoto Earthquake 2016 and updated policies based on the lessons
Chapter 1: Assessment on current policy progress of disaster management
Chapter 2: Main policies implemented in 2015Chapter 3: Main policies to be implemented in 2017Appendix: Data and
Table of contents: 2017 edition
337 pages