disaster management - sihfw) rajasthan management.pdf · types of disaster natural disasters...
TRANSCRIPT
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Disaster Management
State Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Jaipur
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Disaster
• Latin word:– Dis (Bad) Aster ( Star)• Theory of anger of God
Theory of Fury of Nature• Since not under the control of humans ‘Philosophy
of Fatalism’ changed to ‘Management of Disasters’
• Latin word:– Dis (Bad) Aster ( Star)• Theory of anger of God
Theory of Fury of Nature• Since not under the control of humans ‘Philosophy
of Fatalism’ changed to ‘Management of Disasters’
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Disaster=(Hazard + Risk)x Vulnerability
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Hazard
• Potentiality of a physical event, phenomenon orhuman activity that may cause loss of life orproperty
• Characterized by its location, intensity,frequency and probability
• Could be natural or manmade• Could be single, sequential or combined in origin
and effect
• Potentiality of a physical event, phenomenon orhuman activity that may cause loss of life orproperty
• Characterized by its location, intensity,frequency and probability
• Could be natural or manmade• Could be single, sequential or combined in origin
and effect
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Risk
• Probability of harmful consequences orexpected losses– Death , injury, property, livelihood, economic
activity disrupted or environment damage• Hazard Risk Vulnerability and Capacity
(HRVC)Analysis
• Probability of harmful consequences orexpected losses– Death , injury, property, livelihood, economic
activity disrupted or environment damage• Hazard Risk Vulnerability and Capacity
(HRVC)Analysis
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Vulnerability
• Extent to which a community can be affected bythe impact of a hazard
• Factors increasing vulnerability– Poverty, lack of information, poor living
conditions, overloaded or poorly maintainedequipments, inadequate safety precautions
• Precede disasters, contribute to their severityand impede disaster response
• Extent to which a community can be affected bythe impact of a hazard
• Factors increasing vulnerability– Poverty, lack of information, poor living
conditions, overloaded or poorly maintainedequipments, inadequate safety precautions
• Precede disasters, contribute to their severityand impede disaster response
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Thus, Disaster is ..
• Catastrophe, mishap, calamity or graveoccurrence in any area,
• Results in substantial loss of life or humansuffering or damage to, and destruction ofproperty, or damage to, or degradation ofenvironment,
• Beyond the coping capacity of the community ofthe affected area.(Source: National Disaster Act,2005).
• Catastrophe, mishap, calamity or graveoccurrence in any area,
• Results in substantial loss of life or humansuffering or damage to, and destruction ofproperty, or damage to, or degradation ofenvironment,
• Beyond the coping capacity of the community ofthe affected area.(Source: National Disaster Act,2005).
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When an Event is a Disaster:
• According to IFRC: any incident in which more
than 5 persons are killed or 100 persons are
injured is categorized as disaster
• According to IFRC: any incident in which more
than 5 persons are killed or 100 persons are
injured is categorized as disaster
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Forms of Disasters
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Some Are Slow In Onset
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Some are Rapid in Onset
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Man Plays a Role in Many
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Types of Disaster
Natural Disasters Man-Made Disasters
Sudden Impact – earthquakes, tropicalstorms, tsunamis, volcanic Eruptions,etc.
Industrial/Technological – fires,pollution, spillages, explosions etc.
Slow-Onset – drought, famine, pestinfestation, deforestation, etc.
Complex Emergencies – wars ,civil-strife, armed aggression, etc.
Epidemic Diseases – water borne, foodborne, vector borne, etc.
Others – transportations accidents,material shortages.
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Disaster Chain
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India’s Key Vulnerabilities
• Coastal States, particularly in the east coaststates and Gujarat are vulnerable to cyclones,
• 4 crores hectare landmass is vulnerable tofloods.
• 68% of net snow area is vulnerable to drought.• 55% of total area is in Seismic Zone III-IV , and
vulnerable to earthquakes.• Sub Himalayan/ Western Ghat is vulnerable to
landslides.
• Coastal States, particularly in the east coaststates and Gujarat are vulnerable to cyclones,
• 4 crores hectare landmass is vulnerable tofloods.
• 68% of net snow area is vulnerable to drought.• 55% of total area is in Seismic Zone III-IV , and
vulnerable to earthquakes.• Sub Himalayan/ Western Ghat is vulnerable to
landslides.
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Disaster Profile- India
1994-1998 - Rs 28,678 crores 1998-2004 - Rs 47,464 crores 2005 - Rs 87,500 crores
2007 India China USNo ofSignificantdisasters
21 38 31
Victims 7.3 m 88 m 2.3 mEconomicdamages
3.3 bn US $ 13.5 bn US $ 5 bn US $
16
1994-1998 - Rs 28,678 crores 1998-2004 - Rs 47,464 crores 2005 - Rs 87,500 crores
Economicdamages
3.3 bn US $ 13.5 bn US $ 5 bn US $
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Source: DisasterManagement Authority
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INDIAEconomic Losses due to Disasters
Losses inThousand
Crores
PERIOD
Annual- Impact on People1. Losses in lives - 4334.2. People affected - 30 Million.3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.
50 % 139 %
Losses inThousand
Crores
Annual- Financial LossesPercentage of Central Revenue(for relief) – 12%.
311 %
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Vulnerable Group
• Elderly people
• Women
• Children
• Elderly people
• Women
• Children
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Trend of Disasters in World(2001-2010)
727799
706 743810
729 693626 597 640
500600700800900 Total no. of reported disasters
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Source : World Disaster Report-2011
0100200300400500
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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India’s Proneness to Drought
National Disaster management Authority-2010SIHFW: an ISO 9001:2008 certified Institution 20
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India’s Proneness to Earthquake
National Disaster management Authority-2010
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India :
Total no. of people reportedkilled (2001-2010) 63,611
Total no. of people reportedaffected (2001-2010) 563,498,367
Total no. of people reported killed2010
2,234
Total no. of people reportedaffected 2010
4,790,863
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Source :World Disaster Report-2011
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Potential Consequence of Disaster
Consequences Floods Earthquake Droughts ComplexEmergencies
Deaths Few Many Many May be many
Severe injuries Few Overwhelming Few May be manySevere injuries Few Overwhelming Few May be many
Disease outbreak Possible(waterborne)
Possible Possible (due tomalnutrition)
Common (alltypes)
Food shortages Common Rare Overwhelming Common
Massdisplacement
Common Not common Common Common
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“If sufficient number of management layers aresuperimposed on each other, it can be assuredthat disaster is not left to chance.”
Norman R Augustine
“If sufficient number of management layers aresuperimposed on each other, it can be assuredthat disaster is not left to chance.”
Norman R Augustine
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Disaster Risk Management
• Disaster management-Effective organization, direction and utilization ofavailable counter-disaster resources.
• Modern view –Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigatedisasters are called Risk Management.
• Disaster management-Effective organization, direction and utilization ofavailable counter-disaster resources.
• Modern view –Pre-disaster measures to prevent or mitigatedisasters are called Risk Management.
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Traditional Model-DM Cycle
• Disaster management -number of phasedsequences of action or a continuum.
• Can be represented as a cycle.
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Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent
Warning
Disaster
EmergencyResponse
DisasterMitigation
Disasterpreparedness
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent
EmergencyResponse
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
DisasterPrevention
DisasterMitigation
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Expand Contract Theory
• There is a series of activities that run parallel toeach other rather than as a sequence.
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Expand Contract Theory
Prevention and MitigationStrand
Preparednessstrands
DisasterPreparednessstrands Relief and
RespondStrand Relief and
RehabilitationStrand
time
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Disaster & Nodal Ministry
Disasters Ministries/Departments• Earthquakes and Tsunami MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD
• Floods MHA/Ministry of WaterResources/CWC
• Cyclones MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD
• Drought Ministry of Agriculture
• Biological Disasters Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests
• Nuclear Disasters Ministry of Atomic Energy
• Air Accidents Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Railway Accidents Ministry of Railways
Disasters Ministries/Departments• Earthquakes and Tsunami MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD
• Floods MHA/Ministry of WaterResources/CWC
• Cyclones MHA/Ministry of Earth Sciences/IMD
• Drought Ministry of Agriculture
• Biological Disasters Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests
• Nuclear Disasters Ministry of Atomic Energy
• Air Accidents Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Railway Accidents Ministry of RailwaysSIHFW: an ISO 9001:2008 certified Institution 30
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National Disaster ManagementGovt. Of Indiacabinet committee on
management ofnatural calamities High Level
Committee
cabinet committee onsecurity
NDMA
NEC
State
national planningcommission
national crisesmanagement
committee
MHAministries and
dept of Govt. ofIndia
NIDM
national disasterresponse force
National DisasterMitigation resource
centre
31
State
SDMAsSECs
DISTTsDDMAs
local authorities
Communities
MHAministries and
dept of Govt. ofIndia
armed forcescentral paramilitary
forcesNCC, civil
guard,home guard
National DisasterMitigation resource
centreministries and dept of
statesState police
State disasterresponse force
Fire servicesAcademic InstitutionScientific InstitutionsTechnical Institution
Professional bodiesNGOs
Corporate SectorSIHFW: an ISO 9001:2008 certified Institution 31
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National Response Mechanism
Union Cabinet
National Crisis Management Committee Agriculture Minister
Secretary (Agriculture)Secretary (Agriculture)
State ReliefCommissioners
Central ReliefCommissioner
•Indian MeteorologicalDepartment
•Central Water Commission•Other Depts
Crisis Management Group
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SOP for Disaster Management(GOI-2010)
• Phased approach• Preparedness• Early warning• Response• Relief• Restoration
• Phased approach• Preparedness• Early warning• Response• Relief• Restoration
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Preparedness/ Mitigation
A three-pronged approach to be adopted toundertake mitigation measures:• Building mitigation measures into all
development projects.• Initiating of national level mitigation, in high
priority areas, with the help of the CentralMinistries and Departments concerned andthe States.
• Encouraging and assisting State levelmitigation projects.
A three-pronged approach to be adopted toundertake mitigation measures:• Building mitigation measures into all
development projects.• Initiating of national level mitigation, in high
priority areas, with the help of the CentralMinistries and Departments concerned andthe States.
• Encouraging and assisting State levelmitigation projects.
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Training, Simulation and MockDrills
• Efficacy of plans and Standard OperatingProcedures (SOPs) - tested and refined throughtraining, seminars and mock drills.
• The NDMA - assist the states/UTs in these areasand conduct mock drills in different parts of thecountry.
• Efficacy of plans and Standard OperatingProcedures (SOPs) - tested and refined throughtraining, seminars and mock drills.
• The NDMA - assist the states/UTs in these areasand conduct mock drills in different parts of thecountry.
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Community Preparedness• The greatest number of lives can be saved
during the first few hours following a disaster,before help from the outside arrives.
• If a community is in a state of preparedness -reduce the impact of the disaster.
• Multi-sectoral activity for sustainable results.
• The greatest number of lives can be savedduring the first few hours following a disaster,before help from the outside arrives.
• If a community is in a state of preparedness -reduce the impact of the disaster.
• Multi-sectoral activity for sustainable results.
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Early Warning• The nodal agencies, for specific natural
disasters, will identify technological gaps andformulate projects for their upgradation.
• All States should provide to IndiaMeteorological Department –
required infrastructure for upgradation/ establishmentof meteorological observation systems.
• The nodal agencies, for specific naturaldisasters, will identify technological gaps andformulate projects for their upgradation.
• All States should provide to IndiaMeteorological Department –
required infrastructure for upgradation/ establishmentof meteorological observation systems.
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Response
• The existing and the new institutionalarrangements need to ensure anintegrated, synergized and proactive approachin dealing with any disaster.
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Role of National ExecutiveCommittee (NEC)
• Disaster specific guidelines will be formulated byNDMA, NEC.
• Give directions to the concerned Ministries/Departments of the Govt. of India/StateGovernments –
Regarding measures to be taken by them inresponse to any specific threatening disastersituation or disaster.
• NEC will coordinate response in the event of anythreatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Disaster specific guidelines will be formulated byNDMA, NEC.
• Give directions to the concerned Ministries/Departments of the Govt. of India/StateGovernments –
Regarding measures to be taken by them inresponse to any specific threatening disastersituation or disaster.
• NEC will coordinate response in the event of anythreatening disaster situation or disaster.
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State Response Mechanism (Rajasthan)Disaster Management Authority• Headed by Chief Minister• Consist of following members
1. Minister, Finance2. Minister, Water Resources3. Minister, Rural Development4. Minister, Health5. Minister, Urban Development6. Minister, Home7. Minister, Agriculture8. Minister, Science & Technology9. Minister, Revenue10.Minister, Transport11.Minister, Planning12.Chief Secretary13.Addl. Chief Secretary, Development14.Secretary, DM&R (Member Secretary)
Disaster Management Authority• Headed by Chief Minister• Consist of following members
1. Minister, Finance2. Minister, Water Resources3. Minister, Rural Development4. Minister, Health5. Minister, Urban Development6. Minister, Home7. Minister, Agriculture8. Minister, Science & Technology9. Minister, Revenue10.Minister, Transport11.Minister, Planning12.Chief Secretary13.Addl. Chief Secretary, Development14.Secretary, DM&R (Member Secretary)
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Disaster Management Committee –Executive Committee
Headed by Chief Secretary,Secretaries of the Department as members:-• Addl. Chief Secretary, Development• Home• Finance• Energy• Public Works• Urban Development• Medical & Health• Public Health and Engineering & Ground Water• Secretary to Chief Minister• Secretary, Irrigation
Headed by Chief Secretary,Secretaries of the Department as members:-• Addl. Chief Secretary, Development• Home• Finance• Energy• Public Works• Urban Development• Medical & Health• Public Health and Engineering & Ground Water• Secretary to Chief Minister• Secretary, Irrigation
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Disaster Management Committee –Executive Committee
• Secretary, Agriculture• Secretary, Animal Husbandry• Secretary, DM&R (Member Secretary)• Any of the following members may be asked to attend
the meeting as and when required by the Chairman:• Station Commander, Army and its nominee• General Manager, Railway• Director General of Police• Director General, Civil Defense• Director HCM RIPA• In charge, Centre for Disaster Management• BSNL
• Secretary, Agriculture• Secretary, Animal Husbandry• Secretary, DM&R (Member Secretary)• Any of the following members may be asked to attend
the meeting as and when required by the Chairman:• Station Commander, Army and its nominee• General Manager, Railway• Director General of Police• Director General, Civil Defense• Director HCM RIPA• In charge, Centre for Disaster Management• BSNL
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State Disaster Management Plan
• Under supervision of the Chief Secretaryprepared by each Nodal Department.
• Plan include aspects of mitigation, preparednessand response.
• Annual updation of the plan is institutionalized atthe state level by all departments.
• Under supervision of the Chief Secretaryprepared by each Nodal Department.
• Plan include aspects of mitigation, preparednessand response.
• Annual updation of the plan is institutionalized atthe state level by all departments.
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Prevention
• The existing Town & Country Planning Act,Industrial Master Plan and Land use ZoningNorms evaluated to make amendments todecrease our vulnerability.
• To ensure safe planning enforcement,Department of Disaster Management is amember of all the regulatory bodies in theState.
• The existing Town & Country Planning Act,Industrial Master Plan and Land use ZoningNorms evaluated to make amendments todecrease our vulnerability.
• To ensure safe planning enforcement,Department of Disaster Management is amember of all the regulatory bodies in theState.
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Mitigation
• All State Plan Schemes will have mitigation interms of their reference and Department ofDisaster Management will be consulted beforeall plan schemes are formulated andimplemented.
• All State Plan Schemes will have mitigation interms of their reference and Department ofDisaster Management will be consulted beforeall plan schemes are formulated andimplemented.
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Preparedness and Response
• The Department shall prescribe the frequency ofupdation of the plans and also the frequency ofdrills to be organized to rehearse the plan fromtime to time.
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Relief and Recovery
• The Department is Nodal agency foradministration of relief and recovery programsincluding management of Calamity Relief Fund.
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District Level Response MechanismDistrict Disaster Management Authority headed byCollector.Members• Zila Panchayat• Zila Parishad• Different line departments• NGOs• District Red Cross and others• Function : for coordinating all disaster management
activities at the district level.• In times of disasters, Distt. Collector constitutes a District
Relief Committee to oversee management of relief
District Disaster Management Authority headed byCollector.Members• Zila Panchayat• Zila Parishad• Different line departments• NGOs• District Red Cross and others• Function : for coordinating all disaster management
activities at the district level.• In times of disasters, Distt. Collector constitutes a District
Relief Committee to oversee management of reliefSIHFW: an ISO 9001:2008 certified Institution 48
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Urban Areas• Disasters -managed by Municipal Commissioner
and Chief Executive Officer under the overallsupervision of District Collector.
• It will be responsible for putting in place techno-legal regime and its compliance, awarenessraising.
• Disasters -managed by Municipal Commissionerand Chief Executive Officer under the overallsupervision of District Collector.
• It will be responsible for putting in place techno-legal regime and its compliance, awarenessraising.
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Blocks and Tehsil Level
• Block and Tehsil level Disaster ManagementCommittees -headed by SDO and tehsildars asthe case may be.
• The Committee will look into all the aspects ofdisaster management including mitigationpreparedness, response and relief.
• Block and Tehsil level Disaster ManagementCommittees -headed by SDO and tehsildars asthe case may be.
• The Committee will look into all the aspects ofdisaster management including mitigationpreparedness, response and relief.
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Panchayat Level
• The Panchayat will also constitute a PanchayatDisaster Management Team consisting ofofficials and non-officials and organize trainingfor them to be able to discharge their dutiesproperly.
• The Panchayat will also constitute a PanchayatDisaster Management Team consisting ofofficials and non-officials and organize trainingfor them to be able to discharge their dutiesproperly.
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Village Level
• The Disaster Management Committee of avillage led by gram sabha.
• This Committee responsible for awarenessgeneration,– warning dissemination,– community preparedness plan,– adoption of safe housing practices and– organizing and cooperating relief in post disaster
situations.
• The Disaster Management Committee of avillage led by gram sabha.
• This Committee responsible for awarenessgeneration,– warning dissemination,– community preparedness plan,– adoption of safe housing practices and– organizing and cooperating relief in post disaster
situations.
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• Research in areas affected by earthquakes
indicates that single parent families, women,
handicapped people, children and the aged are
particularly vulnerable social groups.
• Research in areas affected by earthquakes
indicates that single parent families, women,
handicapped people, children and the aged are
particularly vulnerable social groups.
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Disaster Management in Health Sector
• The Emergency Medical Relief Division of theDirectorate General of Health Services in theMinistry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)is the technical unit meant for the managementof crisis situations.
• The Emergency Medical Relief Division of theDirectorate General of Health Services in theMinistry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)is the technical unit meant for the managementof crisis situations.
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Role of Epidemiology in Disasters
• Identify major health problems• Determine extent of disease• Identify causes of disease and risk factors• Prioritize health interventions• Monitor health trends• Evaluate impact of health programs
• Identify major health problems• Determine extent of disease• Identify causes of disease and risk factors• Prioritize health interventions• Monitor health trends• Evaluate impact of health programs
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Reasons of Health Related Problems
• Population density• Population displacement• Disruption of pre-existing sanitary services• Disruption of normal public health programs
• Population density• Population displacement• Disruption of pre-existing sanitary services• Disruption of normal public health programs
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Displacement and Displaced Persons
Displacement of population due to:• Escape the effects of conflict and violence• Find food, water, shelter• Seek protection from persecution• Escape the devastation of an environmental
disaster.
Displacement of population due to:• Escape the effects of conflict and violence• Find food, water, shelter• Seek protection from persecution• Escape the devastation of an environmental
disaster.
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Impact of DisplacementEffect of Displacement on displacedpersons
Effects of displacement on the host population
· Loss of livelihood/increased poverty· Hunger, malnutrition, and starvation· Lack of shelter· Lack of heating and cooking fuels· Lack of potable water· Spread of communicable diseases· Overcrowding· Loss of land tenure· Long-term psychosocial trauma· Breakdown of traditions, commonvalues and norms· “Community” functioning isdisrupted
Initially· Competition for essential resources and services· Food shortages and increases in food prices· Reduced wages· Impeded transportation and/or movement in thearea· Civil unrest· Interruption of local commerce due to blackmarket economies· Increased pollution due to overburdened waterand sanitation systems· Spread of communicable diseases· Overcrowding· Long-term psychosocial traumaLater· Local commerce increases and booms
· Loss of livelihood/increased poverty· Hunger, malnutrition, and starvation· Lack of shelter· Lack of heating and cooking fuels· Lack of potable water· Spread of communicable diseases· Overcrowding· Loss of land tenure· Long-term psychosocial trauma· Breakdown of traditions, commonvalues and norms· “Community” functioning isdisrupted
Initially· Competition for essential resources and services· Food shortages and increases in food prices· Reduced wages· Impeded transportation and/or movement in thearea· Civil unrest· Interruption of local commerce due to blackmarket economies· Increased pollution due to overburdened waterand sanitation systems· Spread of communicable diseases· Overcrowding· Long-term psychosocial traumaLater· Local commerce increases and booms
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Disaster and Health
• Injuries from the event• Environmental exposure after the event :
Sanitation options, personalhygiene, water supply etc.
• Malnutrition after the event• Mental health consequences :
“Disaster syndrome”• Communicable disease outbreaks• Excess Non communicable disease mortality
• Injuries from the event• Environmental exposure after the event :
Sanitation options, personalhygiene, water supply etc.
• Malnutrition after the event• Mental health consequences :
“Disaster syndrome”• Communicable disease outbreaks• Excess Non communicable disease mortality
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Communicable Disease Outbreaks
Limited evidence that they pose a major risk; butmay occur due to• Ecologic changes• Population density changes• Population displacement• Disorganized health services• Interruption of health services
Limited evidence that they pose a major risk; butmay occur due to• Ecologic changes• Population density changes• Population displacement• Disorganized health services• Interruption of health services
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Mental HealthStressful Event
Normal MentalHealth Status
ProtectiveFactor
StressorsProtective
Factor
ProtectiveFactorStressors
Stressors
Mental HealthServices
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Likely Relative Impact of HealthMeasures On A Community
Dis
ease
Bur
den
Curative care onlySafe water + enough food
Above + sanitation ,shelter
Above +preventive healthpublic health
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Dis
ease
Bur
den
Time (months)
Curative care onlySafe water + enough food
Above + sanitation ,shelter
Above +preventive healthpublic health
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Health Alert Network
• A nationwide integrated information andcommunication system managed by Center fordisease control and prevention (CDC), is usedas a platform for distributing healthalerts, prevention guidelines and otherinformation.
• A nationwide integrated information andcommunication system managed by Center fordisease control and prevention (CDC), is usedas a platform for distributing healthalerts, prevention guidelines and otherinformation.
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Should Disaster Strike ...
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THANK YOU
For more details log on towww. sihfwrajasthan.com
orcontact : Director-SIHFW on
For more details log on towww. sihfwrajasthan.com
orcontact : Director-SIHFW on
[email protected]: an ISO 9001:2008 certified Institution 65