disaster managment in india

DISASTERS IN DISASTERS IN INDIAINDIA

Scope of Hazards Scope of Hazards and Disasterand Disaster ManagementManagement

India and Natural DisastersIndia and Natural DisastersIndia is one of the most disaster prone countries in India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the worldthe world.. Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes; 70% of land under cultivation prone to drought; 5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods; 8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones. A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years; 50 million people affected annually 1 million houses damaged annually along with

human,social and other losses During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to

natural disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI

The MythsThe Myths It Can’t Happen to Us.It Can’t Happen to Us.

The Nature’s forces are so The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.anyway.

There is Nothing We Can Do. There is Nothing We Can Do.

Definition of DisasterDefinition of DisasterA Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases A Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases

suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe disturbances to people, objects and disturbances to people, objects and

environment, resulting in loss of life ,property environment, resulting in loss of life ,property and health of the population. Such a situation and health of the population. Such a situation

causes disruption in normal pattern of life, causes disruption in normal pattern of life, generating misfortune, helplessness and generating misfortune, helplessness and

suffering affecting the socio-economic structure suffering affecting the socio-economic structure of a region/country to such an extent that there of a region/country to such an extent that there is a need for assistance or immediate outside is a need for assistance or immediate outside

intervention.intervention.

A A phenomenon or eventphenomenon or event which which constitutes a trauma for a constitutes a trauma for a population/environment.population/environment.

A A vulnerable point/areavulnerable point/area that will bear that will bear the brunt of the traumatizing event.the brunt of the traumatizing event.

The The failure of local & surrounding failure of local & surrounding resourcesresources to cope with the problems to cope with the problems created by the phenomenon.created by the phenomenon.

Types of DisastersTypes of Disasters Natural - ManmadeNatural - Manmade

Ingredients of a DisasterIngredients of a Disaster

Disasters affecting IndiaDisasters affecting India EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONVOLCANIC ERUPTION TSUNAMITSUNAMI CYCLONECYCLONE FLOODFLOOD LANDSLIDELANDSLIDE BUSHFIREBUSHFIRE DROUGHTDROUGHT MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE, MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE,

EXPLOSION, HAZMAT)EXPLOSION, HAZMAT) CIVIL UNRESTCIVIL UNREST

GENERAL EFFECTS OF GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTERDISASTER

LOSS OF LIFELOSS OF LIFE INJURYINJURY DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF

PROPERTY.PROPERTY. DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF

PRODUCTION.PRODUCTION. DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLEDISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD. DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICESDISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREDAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMSDISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSSNATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER

EFFECT.EFFECT.

DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT

““AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH SEEKS, BY THE SYSTEMATIC SEEKS, BY THE SYSTEMATIC

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF DISASTERS, TO IMPROVE OF DISASTERS, TO IMPROVE

MEASURES RELATING TO MEASURES RELATING TO PREVENTION, MITIGATION, PREVENTION, MITIGATION,

PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RECOVERY.”RESPONSE AND RECOVERY.”

Disaster Management CycleDisaster Management Cycle

ResponseResponseRecoveryRecoveryPrevention & MitigationPrevention & MitigationPreparednessPreparedness

Disaster Management Disaster Management CycleCycle

RESPONSERESPONSE Response measures are usually those which are Response measures are usually those which are

taken immediately prior to and following disaster taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact.impact.

Typical measures include :Typical measures include : Implementation of plansImplementation of plans Activation of the counter-disaster systemActivation of the counter-disaster system Search and RescueSearch and Rescue Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical

assistance etc.assistance etc. Survey and assessmentSurvey and assessment Evacuation measuresEvacuation measures

RECOVERYRECOVERY Recovery is the process by which Recovery is the process by which

communities and the nation are assisted in communities and the nation are assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning returning to their proper level of functioning following a disaster.following a disaster.

Three main categories of activity are Three main categories of activity are normally regarded as coming within the normally regarded as coming within the recovery segment:recovery segment:

RestorationRestorationReconstructionReconstructionRehabilitationRehabilitation

PREVENTION & PREVENTION & MITIGATIONMITIGATION

Prevention Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to : Action within this segment is designed to impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities or key installations.or key installations.

Mitigation :Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes the Action within this segment usually takes the form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some countries regard the development and application of countries regard the development and application of building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the category of mitigation.category of mitigation.

PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESSPreparedness is usually regarded Preparedness is usually regarded as comprising measures which as comprising measures which

enable governments, enable governments, organizations, communities and organizations, communities and

individuals to respond rapidly and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations.effectively to disaster situations.

PREPAREDNESS (PREPAREDNESS (ContdContd)) Examples of Preparedness measures are :Examples of Preparedness measures are :

The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-to-date counter-disaster plansto-date counter-disaster plans

Special provisions for emergency actionSpecial provisions for emergency action The provisions of warning systemsThe provisions of warning systems Emergency communicationsEmergency communications Public education and awarenessPublic education and awareness Training programs, including exercises and Training programs, including exercises and

tests.tests.

Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement

Risk & Hazard Risk & Hazard AssessmentAssessment

Planning Planning OrganizationOrganizationResource UtilizationResource UtilizationNeed for SpecialistsNeed for SpecialistsTrainingTraining

RISK AND HAZARD RISK AND HAZARD ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

Disaster risk will be a combination Disaster risk will be a combination of the likelihood of the event and the of the likelihood of the event and the vulnerability of a place to that event. vulnerability of a place to that event.

The hazard assessment will aim to The hazard assessment will aim to deliver accurate disaster information deliver accurate disaster information about individual locations. about individual locations.

HAZARD ASSESSMENTHAZARD ASSESSMENT Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include :Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include : Critical products, services, records and Critical products, services, records and

operations.operations. Hazardous materialsHazardous materials Potential effects of damage on stakeholders.Potential effects of damage on stakeholders. Likely financial costs.Likely financial costs. Resources personnel and time available to make Resources personnel and time available to make

preparations. preparations. Level of insurance cover.Level of insurance cover.

The combination of hazard and The combination of hazard and vulnerability assessments will result in vulnerability assessments will result in

formulating total risk assessment. formulating total risk assessment.


Planning :Planning : to have a clear and logical approach to dealing to have a clear and logical approach to dealing

with disasters.with disasters. to provide common reference for all to provide common reference for all

departments and authorities with roles.departments and authorities with roles. to assist with information for sitting-up a to assist with information for sitting-up a

multi- functional organizational structure.multi- functional organizational structure. to form a basis for coordinated action.to form a basis for coordinated action. to provide clear allocation of responsibilities.to provide clear allocation of responsibilities. to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating

current and future disaster management current and future disaster management requirements.requirements.

to give a focus for disaster related training.to give a focus for disaster related training.

Organisation :Organisation : the nature of National Disaster the nature of National Disaster

Management Authority (NDMA)Management Authority (NDMA) Utilization of total governmental structures/ Utilization of total governmental structures/

resources i.e. National, State & Local level.resources i.e. National, State & Local level. Co-ordination of non governmental Co-ordination of non governmental

resourcesresources Community involvementCommunity involvement Clear lines of Authority and unity of Clear lines of Authority and unity of

commandcommand Special system requirements.Special system requirements.


Organisation (Contd.) :Organisation (Contd.) : Special system requirements.Special system requirements.

Emergency Operation Center/Control Emergency Operation Center/Control CenterCenter

Direction & Coordinating AuthorityDirection & Coordinating Authority CommunicationsCommunications Warning SystemsWarning Systems Survey & AssessmentsSurvey & Assessments Information ManagementInformation Management Emergency LogisticsEmergency Logistics


Resource UtilizationResource Utilization : :• Identification of resources• Assessment of resources with relation to their capability & availability• Allocation of appropriate tasks• Level of skill in handling allotted tasks and experience• Activation time for deployment/availability• Co-ordination with line authorities of resource organizations• Coalition of accurate information for effective deployment of resources.


AGENCIESAGENCIES Governmental (Including Military Governmental (Including Military

both at National & State Level).both at National & State Level). Non Governmental Organizations.Non Governmental Organizations. Community groups both social & Community groups both social &

religious.religious. International Volunteer International Volunteer

organisation.organisation.

Need for Specialists :Search & Rescue•Survey & Damage Assessment•First Aid & Triage•Mobile Medical & Health Team•Evacuation•Animal Husbandry/Veterinary


•Need for Specialists (Contd):

–Emergency Welfare–Emergency Shelter–Emergency Logistics–Staff for EOC (Emergency Operating Center)–Information Management including public information needs.–Specialists from field of disaster studies and research (Geologists, Meteorologists, etc.)


Training :Training :•Identification of Training needs.•Scope of Training programmes.•Training policy.•Implementation of training.


•Training (Contd.):Training (Contd.):

–Design of training should be compatible to support tasks required to be performed after a Disaster at three levels.

•Foundational Training•Team Training•Combined Organizational Training.


National Disaster Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management FrameworkMinistry of Home Affairs - GoIMinistry of Home Affairs - GoI

To make Disaster Management an integral part of National Development Agenda

To promote Awareness and Education in Disaster Management

To promote Human Resource Development in Disaster Management (master plan for training and capacity building)

To develop Institutional Frameworks at the National and State levels for mainstreaming disaster management

To establish multi-hazard preparedness, mitigation and prevention plans at all levels

To enhance capacities at all levels for multi-hazard preparedness and response

GOI-UNDP Disaster Risk Management GOI-UNDP Disaster Risk Management Programme (DRM)Programme (DRM) will be the platform to launch these activities.will be the platform to launch these activities.

Any QuestionsAny Questions

THE ENDTHE END

disaster managment in india

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