DISEASES RELATED DUE

TO DEFECT IN TRANSPORT

MECHANISM

TRANSPORT ACROSS THE

PLASMA MEMBRANE

TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

ACTIVE transport

• Energy coupling can transport against a concentration gradient.

Primary ---Transport is coupled to a chemical process (ATP hydrolysis).

Secondary ---Transport is coupled to a favorable transport process

Primary

• It requires energy molecule (ATP)

• Molecules move from area of low concentration to area of high concentration.

• Active transport of molecules or ions is achieved through the use of an integral membrane protein.

• 3 types of membrane protein:

• *UNIport

• *SYMport

• *ANTIport

BULK transport

#Phagocytosis

#Pinocytosis .

#Endocytosis

#Exocytosis

PASSIVE transport

Energy coupling can transport along a concentration gradient

This requires no energy.

Molecules move from area of high concentration to area of low concentration.

IONS THAT TRANSPORT THROUGH CELL MEMBRANE

1. Oxygen

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Water

• Chloride ions

• Sodium ions

• Potassium ions

• Calcium ions

List of diseases Alzheimer disease

Cystic fibrosis

Epilepsy and ataxia

Osteoporosis

Diabetes

Endocrine disorders

Renal diseases

Cardiac arrehythmias

Muscle excitation

ALZHEIMER’S Brain cell death. Neurodegenerative disease Show tiny inclusions in the nerve tissue, called

plaques and tangles. • Plaques are found between the dying cells in the

brain - from the build-up of a protein called beta-amyloid (you may hear the term "amyloid plaques").

• The tangles are within the brain neurons - from a disintegration of another protein, called tau.

Causes: *Ageing *Environmental factors like stress *Family history and genetics Symptoms: Memory loss Unable to do normal tasks like cooking,dressing etc Unable to recognize relatives,friends,irritation,wandering-off Some lose ability to take care of themselves Changes in personality and behavior Impairments to reasoning, complex tasking, exercising judgment

• Stages of Alzheimer's disease • The progression of Alzheimer's can be broken

down into three basic stages: • Preclinical (no signs or symptoms yet) • Mild cognitive impairment Dementia. Mechanism: Clumps of amyloid peptides grow in brain Protein strands twist damaging brain cells Brain cells die and some part of the brain shrinks

PREVENTION

Control the risk factors like blood pressure,diabetes and stroke.

Avoid stress in mildlife

Leading an active mental and physical life.

Drugs prescribed:

Drugs helps in to remove excess peptides from the brain.EG:Tacrine,Donepezil

Vaccines to boost immune system against the peptides.

CYSTINURIA