disinfestation for market access

biosecurity built on science

Disinfestation for market access

Lisa JamiesonScientist, Applied Entomology

Plant & Food Research

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre


Problem being addressed

Quarantine pests causing disruption to the trade of Australian and New Zealand horticulture commodities

Commodities that are hosts to quarantine pests need protocols to access export markets with quarantine barriers

Develop treatments: - effective against the pest- maintain product quality- fit in to transport and handling systems

(air-freight/sea-freight)- cost effective

Significant disinfestation R&D over the last 40 years

Many protocols developed, some used extensively, some not used at all

Qfly Medfly

Codling moth

Tomato potato psyllidApple leafcurling midge


What are we doing about it?

Phase 1: A review of:- treatment technologies- disinfestation research- current market access protocols- research priorities for Phase 2

Phase 2: Provide data to develop new export protocols that are:- effective- efficient- economic


What are we doing about it? Need to review all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research Researchers across Australia, NZ and USA who have conducted the research:

Team Member Organisation Speciality

Lisa Jamieson Allan Woolf

Barbara Waddell

Project Leader PFRNZ

EntomologyPhysiology

Pauline WyattPeter Leach DAF, QLD Entomology

John GoldingAndrew Jessup NSW DPI Physiology

Entomology

Francis De Lima AgHort Solutions, WA Entomology

Jack Armstrong Quarantine Scientific, NZ Entomology

Peter Follett USDA-ARS Entomology


Phase 1: Review and Workshop

A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies

Presented findings from review at workshops with stakeholders in September 2015 in Australia and New Zealand

Priorities for Phase 2


Review of disinfestation technologies

Fumigants- 15 major, 18 minor fumigants, methyl bromide

Energy treatments - irradiation, electrical, microwave, radio frequency,

pulsed electrical field, infrared, cold plasma

Controlled atmosphere (CA)- CA plus heat, CA plus cold, CA plus high pressure

Physical- heat, cold, pressure, vacuum, brushing, high pressure

washing

Systems approaches


Review of disinfestation research

A review of published and unpublished disinfestation research data in Australia and New Zealand

Species Lifestage Treatment conditions Number of insects tested Commodity Reference Protocol


Example cold disinfestation research

Species Lifestage Treatment No tested Commodity Reference Protocol

Medfly First instar 1°C 16 days 84,560Table grapes Red Globe

De Lima et al. 2011

Japan MAFFMedfly First instar 2°C 18 days 78,859

Qfly First instar 1°C 12 days 66,739Table grapes Red Globe

De Lima et al. 2011

Japan MAFFQfly First instar 2°C 14 days 53,136


Review of export protocols

Collated data on New Zealand and Australian fresh fruit and vegetable industries:

Value and volume of major fruit and vegetable exports Main export markets Current phytosanitary requirements Existing export protocols


Example: Australian Citrus

Crop Total Export value and Volume

Value of major markets

Market access pests

Approved treatments

CitrusOrange

$140.0 million134,448 t

Japan 34.0Hong Kong 27.6USA 16.2China 14.4Malaysia 11.4Singapore 8.8Canada 5.1Indonesia 3.6UAE 2.1

Japan: Qfly, MedflyChina: Fruit fliesThailand:Fuller’s rose weevil (FRW), fruit fliesUSA: Fruit flies, lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), CBS

Indonesia:1. Fruit fly free areas recognised: Riverland, South Australia and Tasmania.2. Cold treatments: onshore or in transit at or below 2°C for 16 days; or at or below 3°C for 18 days.3. Irradiation at 150 gray.4. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 64 g/m3 at 21°C for 2 h.China:1. Citrus spp., Oranges, Mandarins, Lemons, Grapefruit, Limes, Tangelo.2.Mandatory cold disinfestation treatment is required, onshore or in transit 1°C or below for 16 d or 2.1°C or below for 21 d.


Workshops in Australia & New Zealand

Participants Exporters and industry representatives of Citrus,

Mango, Apple, Pear, Kiwifruit, Summerfruit, Table grapes, Capsicum, Tomato, Berryfruit, Vegetables

HIA, HortNZ, PCRC Researchers from NZ, Qld, NSW, WA Regulators DAWR, MPIWhat are your: Current and future target markets? Market access issues? Useful and useless protocols? Priorities for disinfestation research?


Stakeholder meetings in Australia & New Zealand

Several cross-industry priorities Fruit flies remain primary pests of

concern (Australia & New Zealand)- Other pests: FRW, MSW, thrips,

mealybugs, scale insects, mites, lightbrown apple moth, codling moth

Development of postharvest disinfestation treatments to enable market access by air-freight- Shorter cold treatments, irradiation, low-

dose methyl bromide Consistent cold treatments between

markets NZ fruit fly preparedness: collection of

efficacy data on 4 major fruit fly species- Qfly, Medfly, Oriental fruit fly, Melon fruit fly


Priorities for Phase 2

Priorities for Phase 2Compare cold mortality response data for Qfly, Medfly, Oriental fruit fly and melon fruit fly across commodities and countries• Collate mortality response data and conduct additional cold

studies• Protocols developed and approved for fruit flies before they

establish in New Zealand and Australia• Standardisation of cold treatments across markets

Develop new disinfestation protocols appropriate for air-freight - Short cold treatments – combine with CA or low toxicity

compound (PBCRC)- Linking with development of new disinfestation protocols for

irradiation and low-dose methyl bromide (HIA projects)


How will this research be delivered?

Reports Review, Australian workshop, NZ workshop Cold CA, Cold database and findings from analyses,

additional cold studiesWorkshops Quarantine research for fruits and vegetables (Aus/NZ) Statistical analysis and issues associated with

phytosanitary treatmentsDiscussion documents Address issues associated with phytosanitary treatments

arising from Technical Panel on Phytosanitary TreatmentsDatabase Mortality responses of fruit flies to cold


Who will benefit from this research?

Fruit and vegetable exporters and associated businesses

Producers of fruits and vegetables Product groups and horticultural industry

representative groups e.g. HIAL, HortNZ, PMAC, PMA

Regulators and risk assessors/managers, e.g. MPI, DAFWA

Researchers – better collaboration


Benefit for our horticultural industries

Short term: Review and summary of disinfestation research that is

relevant to Australian and NZ horticultural industries Research priorities for the development of new effective

disinfestation treatments to safeguard Australian and NZ horticulture

Provision of data and recommendations for implementing new effective postharvest treatments

Maintaining and expanding capability in developing phytosanitary treatments

Long term:- New quarantine protocols developed- Increased export trade of horticultural products


End-User Advocate Perspective

A high quality evaluation of postharvest market access treatments

Industry may have to rely less on true fumigants and more on alternate methods of pest control in the future

Now a good opportunity to develop new export protocol for key pests of quarantine concern as the 2nd

phase of the project New export protocol will need to be cost effective,

safe to use, and acceptable to our trading partners


Future

Tools to improve acceptability of systems approaches to managing risks in the market and identify redundancies in a systems

Rapid pest identification at the border Efficacy of irradiation against non-fruit fly species and impact

on the quality of commodities/varieties not yet tested Low-dose methyl bromide


Thank you

For more information, please email [email protected]

Project team members: Pauline Wyatt, Peter Leach, DAF QLD John Golding, NSW DPI Frances De Lima, AgHort Solutions, WA Jack Armstrong, Quarantine Scientific, NZ Peter Follett, USDA-ARS, Hawaii Allan Woolf, Barbara Waddell, PFR NZ

PBCRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme

disinfestation for market access

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