disorders of cardio system
DESCRIPTION
Cardiac disordersTRANSCRIPT
Disorders of theCardiovascular System
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Cause:Atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis
—fatty deposits in vessels
Risk factors:– high BP– diabetes– obesity– hereditary– smoking– stress– no exercise– diet
Problems:– Angina– MI– ischemic sudden death
Risk Factors
Non-modifiable– Hereditary – Race- African Americans – Sex- Males – Age
Modifiable– Hypertension – Diabetes – Obesity – Smoking – Stress – Lack of exercise – Diet – Drugs – Oral contraceptives
MI • Heart doesn't get 0 2muscle dies • Triggers of MI:
– increase workload of heart – increase 02 need – increase 02 needs – environmental:
• smoking, stress, cold
– illness: • anemia, thyroid disease, High BP, irregular heart beat, infections
– Medications: • antihistamines, decongestants, cocaine, amphetamines stop heart
meds quickly
S/SX of MI
• Paincrushing, radiates to jaw, neck, arm • Indigestion • N/V • Anxiety • Perspiration • Cool skin • Cyanosis • Irregular heart beat • Weakness • Decrease BP
Treatment
Diagnosis: – EKG – treadmill stress test – cardiac cath – echocardiogram
Treatment–Medications • relax arteries • stop clotting • dissolve clot
– Surgery• stents • angioplasty • bypass surgery
PCT Roles for MI pt.
• Recognize s/sx of MI • Vital signs • Pace activities • Diet instruction • Monitor s/sx of bleeding from meds • Stress relieve • Assist with tests
Angina
• Pain b/c decrease 02 to heart• May be slow or rapid onset • Stable angina– brought on by stress, emotion, activity – Goes away when activity stopped
• Unstable angina– does not go away when activity stopped
Thrombosis/Embolism
• Thrombosis– clot that blocks blood flow
• Embolism– clot that travels and lodges someplace else
• Complications– CVA, MI, pulmonary embolism
Risk factors for Thrombosis/Embolism
• Dehydration • Bed rest/decrease
mobility • Birth control pills • Obesity • Pregnancy
• Hereditary • Smoking • Diabetes • Obesity • IV needles inserted for
long periods of time
s/sx of Blood Clots
• Cold extremity • Tingling sensation • Decrease sensation • Pain in calf • Redness/edema
Care of pt with Clots/PVD
Observe:– color change– temperature change– change in pulse– edema – confusion – difficulty ambulating
Teach:– avoid cold/hot temp– avoid sitting long time– no tight clothes – no crossing legs– good diet – decrease stress
TED Hose
• Promote circulation • Rules:– measure for correct size – do not wash in washer – air dry – do not roll down – no wrinkles
• SCDS– electric pump to promote circulation– take off and clean legs
Anemia
• Low RBC
Aneurysm
ArrhythmiaAbnormal Heart rhythm
Pacemaker• Reminds heart to beat/or
sets a rhythm
Defibrillation• Shocks heart back into
rhythm or starts heart again
Congestive Heart Failure
• Heart fails to pump
HemophiliaDeficit in clotting factor VIII or IX
Slowly bleed/ooze. Clot is mushyMalesTreat with factor
Hypertension ( HTN)
• High Blood pressure
Leukemia
Phlebitis
Varicose veins
Diagnostic test
• CBC• EKG/ECG• Cardiac Catheterization