dissertation kwaichunghousing[1]
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A Study of Virtual Prototyping in Construction
Industry : A case study of Kwan Chung Public
Housing Estate Project
By
Li Ka Ming
DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF BSC (HONS) IN BUILDING SURVEYING
THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
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Table of Contents
Declaration i
Table of Contents ii
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
Acknowledgements x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION P.1
1.1 Problem Statement P.2
1.2 Purpose of Research P.4
1.3 Research Objectives P.5
1.4 Structure of the Dissertation P.5
CHAPTER II: LITERATIVE REVIEW P.7
2.1 Traditional Techniques for Construction Project Planning P.8
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2.2.1 3D P.13
2.2.2 4D P.13
2.2.3 Virtual Prototyping (VP) P.14
2.2.4 CATIA P.15
2.2.5 DELMIA P.16
2.2.6 Advantage of Simulation P.17
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY P.19
3.1 Literature Search P.20
3.2 Reasons for using Case Study and Interviews P.20
3.3 Case Study P.21
3.4 Interview P.22
CHAPTER IV: VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING IN BUILDINGS P.23
4.1 Design P.25
4.2 Manufacture and Assembly P.26
4.3 Sale & Promotion P.30
4.4 Facilities Management P.32
4.5 Demolition P.32
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5.6 Part Design and Modeling P.42
5.7 Assembly Tools P.44
5.8 Surfacing P.46
5.9 Knowledge Ware P.47
5.10 Simulation Process P.49
CHAPTER VI: CASE STDUY AND ANALYSIS P.53
6.1 Background Information P.53
6.2 Project Features P.56
6.3 Simulation Process P.56
6.3.1 3D Model Construction P.56
6.3.2 Construction Process Simulation P.61
6.3.3 Day 1 P.64
6.3.4 Day 2 P.67
6.3.5 Day 3 P.70
6.3.6 Day 4 P.73
6.3.7 Day 5 P.75
6.3.8 Day 6 P.77
6.4 Summary of the Project P.79
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6.5.1.5 Information Management P.83
6.5.1.6 Safety P.83
6.5.2 Limitations P.84
6.5.2.1 Design for Manufacture P.84
6.5.2.2 License Fee P.84
6.5.2.3 Lacking in Skilful Labour P.86
6.5.2.4 Hardware Requirement P.86
6.5.2.5 Human-Initiated Characteristic P.87
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS P.88
7.1 Conclusions P.89
7.2 Recommendations P.90
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES P.91
LIST OF APPENDIX P.98
APPENDIX I: Sample of Accompanying Letter P.99
APPENDIX II: Sample of Questionnaire P.100
APPENDIX III Method & Sequence of Construction P.101
APPENDIX IV 6-day Cycle Programme for Typical Floors P.102
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List of Tables
Table 4.1 Virtual Prototype Concept P.24
Table 6.1 Project Particulars P.55
Table 6.2 Cost Comparison of CATIA V5 & DELMIA and AutoCad
2006
P.85
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List of Figures
Figure 4.1 Example of lighting analysis P.26
Figure 4.2 Example of CFD Source P.26
Figure 4.3 2/F B5 Column of HKCC P.28
Figure 4.4 Clash of Reinforcement Bar P.28
Figure 4.5 Five tower cranes operates simultaneously in Venetian
Macau Hotel
P.29
Figure 4.6 Construction Method of Westland Road Office Project P.30
Figure 4.7 Construction Process of Westland Road Office Project P.31
Figure 5.1 CATIA V5 & DELMIA P2 Platform P.35
Figure 5.2 Traditional Tool Bars, Keyboard Shortcuts & Drop Down
Menu
P.36
Figure 5.3 CATIA V5 and DELMIA document types P.36
Figure 5.4 CATIA V5 GUI P.38
Figure 5.5 Rotation P.39
Figure 5.6 Sketcher environment P.40
Figure 5.7 Constraint Examples P.41
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Figure 5.14 A tangent cover P.46
Figure 5.15 Simulation Process Work Bench P.50
Figure 5.16 Insert Activity P.50
Figure 5.17 Grab Activity P.51
Figure 5.18 PERT Chart P.51
Figure 5.19 Gantt Chart P.52
Figure 6.1 Proposed Kwai Chung Public Housing Estate P.54
Figure 6.2 Kwai Chung Public Housing Estate P.54
Figure 6.3 Location of the Site P.55
Figure 6.4 Concrete Slab P.57
Figure 6.5 Wall Reinforcement P.58
Figure 6.6 Fascade P.58
Figure 6.7 Toilet P.59
Figure 6.8 Temporary Wallform P.59
Figure 6.9 Working Platform P.60
Figure 6.10 Strut P.60
Figure 6.11 Tower Crane P.61
Figure 6.12 PERT CHART P.61
Figure 6.13 PERT CHART P.62
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Figure 6.20 Movement of Wall Form P.67
Figure 6.21 Day 2 a.m. P.68
Figure 6.22 Day 2 noon P.68
Figure 6.23 Day 2 p.m. P.69
Figure 6.24 Construction Process P.69
Figure 6.25 Day 3 a.m. P.70
Figure 6.26 Day 3 noon P.71
Figure 6.27 Day 3 p.m. P.71
Figure 6.28 Movement of Concrete Boom P.72
Figure 6.29 Concreting by Boom P.72
Figure 6.30 Day 4 a.m. P.73
Figure 6.31 Day 4 noon. P.74
Figure 6.32 Day4 p.m. P.74
Figure 6.33 Day 5 a.m. P.75
Figure 6.34 Day 5 noon P.76
Figure 6.35 Day 5 p.m P.76
Figure 6.36 Fix Conduit & Reinforcement P.77
Figure 6.37 Day 6 a.m P.78
Figure 6.38 Day 6 noon P.78
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Acknowledgements
I would like to express my respect, gratitude and foremost to my supervisor,
Dr. Heng Li, Professor of Department of Building and Real Estate at the Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, for his kindly patience and advice on my
dissertation. He always makes me in critically thinking and lets me recognize
the enjoyment and happiness of undergoing a dissertation.
I would like to express my appreciation to Mr. Stephen C. W. Kong, Mr. Yuk
Huen Chan and Mr. Ting Huang, the Project Associate, the Research
Assistant and Ph. D. Candidate respectively of the Construction Virtual
Prototyping Laboratory, in the Department of Building and Real Estate of the
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, who shared their valuable time to give me
suggestions and provide me with useful data which strengthened the content
of this dissertation.
Besides, i would like to thank Ms. Louie Law for spending her invaluable time
to proof-read my dissertation and giving me useful advice on the use of
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Abstract
This research presents an alternative tool, i.e. CATIA and DELMIA, for
construction programme planning apart from traditional tools, e.g. AutoCAD,
MicrosoftProject. Regarding the problems of traditional tools in terms of space
and facilities management, scheduling and communication, the concept of
Virtual Prototyping (VP) and functions of CATIA and DELMIA are introduced.
An analysis concerning strengths and limitations of the new tool accompanied
by an in-depth case study of Kwan Chung Public Housing Estate Project is
administered. After investigation, it is found that CATIA and DELMIA can
improve the planning process; however, they have not been extensively
adopted in construction industry in Hong Kong because of its design purpose,
license fee, requirement on hardware, also a lack of man power who
familiarize with the software and its human-initiated characteristic.
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CHAPTER I
Introduction
1.1 Problem Statement
1.2 Purpose of Research
1.3 Research Objective
1.4 Research Structure
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Statement
In construction project management, planning process is critical to the
successful development and execution of a construction project (Waly and
Thabet 2003). However, the planners rely on their experience and intuition,
imagination and judgment to extract data from paper-based design documents
and to decide the appropriate method of construction, its timing and site usage
layout (Zhang, 2004). This drives faults or inefficiency in site space and
facilities management, communication and information storage and
scheduling.
Site space and facili ties management
Present planning method has weakness in managing site space and facilities
which is critical in a construction project as a result of the resources-driven
nature of construction management a construction manager must develop a
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Chapter 1 Introduction
of site space and facilities (Ma, Shen & Zhang, 2004).
Communication
2D drawings are not able to visualize the end product to the parties involved in
a construction project, e.g. the clients, the contractors, etc. The increasing
complexity of construction projects multiplies difficulties of handling huge
amount of information. Much project information stored on paper as drawings
and written documents is frequently unstructured and thus hinders its usage,
also, it is very easy to lose or damage (Construct IT, 2000). This causes poor
information transfer and communication among parties.
Scheduling
Critical Path Method (CPM) fails to seamlessly synchronize activity planning
and resource planning, the two integral functions in project planning (Waugh
and Froese 1990) Although it is used in time control and scheduling it is
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Innovative Technology
As a result, researches start investigating information technology to solve the
above problems of paper-based documents, site space and facilities
management and communication. Virtual Prototyping (VP) is one of the latest
innovative technologies which integrates planning, visualization and simulation
in construction programme, thus improves the efficiency of construction
projects in planning stage.
1.2 Purpose of Research
The purpose of this research is to provide an alternative choice for
construction project planning by studying the concept of VP and the application
of the software of CATIA and DELMIA in construction industry in Hong Kong.
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.3 Research Object ives
The following objectives are examined in this study:
1. To outline the general problems arisen from traditional construction project
planning in Hong Kong
2. To discuss the utilization of VP in construction industry
3. To introduce the functions of CATIA and DELMIA
4. To describe the construction simulation process of 6-day Cycle of Kwan
Chung Public Housing Estate Project by CATIA and DELMIA (Case Study)
5. To analyse the strengths and limitations of CATIA and DELMIA
1.4 Structure of the Dissertation
This dissertation is mainly divided into 7 parts.
Part I Introduction
This part states clearly problem statements purposes of research
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Chapter 1 Introduction
problems, basic principles of VP and introduction to CATIA and
DELMIA.
Part III Research Methodology
The research methods employed in this research are presented in
this part.
Part IV Funct ions of CATIA and DELMIA
This part presents the main functions of CATIA and DELMIA.
Part V Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
This part presents the utilization of VP in areas relevant to buildings
Part VI Case Study and Analysis
This part describes the case of Kwan Chung Public Housing Estate
Project and gives analysis from the case and interviews.
Part VII Conclusions and Recommendations
This part summarizes findings in this research, and makes a final
conclusion
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CHAPTER II
Literature Review
2.1 Traditional Techniques for
Construction Project
Planning
2.2 Latest Techniques for
Construction Project
Planning
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 2 LITERATUREREVIEW
Planning is crucially important in construction projects. The planning of
construction operations is a complicated activity involving abstraction of
constriction activities from the drawings, choosing on suitable plans and
falsework, allocation of construction schedule and site space management are
essential to project management, as they directly influence security, machine
running, material deployment, power distribution as well as construction
progress and cost (Ma, Shen and Zhang, 2004), so planners use different tools
to develop the programme. In this chapter, firstly, some drawing and
scheduling tools will be discussed and secondly, VP, CATIA and DELMIA will
be introduced.
2.1 The Traditional Techniques for Construct ion Project Planning
2 1 1 Drawing Tools: 2D Computer Aid Design (CAD)
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
of the most commonly used software and largest share of the CAD market
(Howard 1998).
2.1.1.1 Strengths
1. As Sun & Howard (2004) points out, 2D CAD tools increase productivity,
especially at the information production stage. This benefit is more evident
when design changes. Instead of reproducing all the drawings, CAD allows
designers to make changes to the existing ones.
2. Sun & Howard (2004) believes that 2D CAD tools help to improve the
quality of design information. Using traditional paper drawings, keeping data
accurate and consistent is a big challenge. In CAD drawings, all
measurements are precise.
3 2D CAD tools help to increase the speed of information exchange between
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
4. 2D CAD tools allow designers to reuse previous drawings or part of the
drawings (Sun & Howard 2004).
5. 2D CAD tools make the drawing storage and archive task a lot easier. Paper
drawings present storage problems as they deteriorate, are usually very large
and cause documentation problems. A CAD file stored in a structured directory
on a PC prevents these problems from occurring, which will also ease quality
assurance issues (Sun & Howard 2004).
2.1.1.2 Limitations
1. In 2D CAD drawings, a building is represented by points, lines and surfaces,
not by walls, windows and rooms. It cannot visualize the three-dimensional
end product.
2 2D CAD system cannot present the process of construction and thus is not
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
software packages (Sun & Howard 2004).
4. Most CAD packages are only suitable for drawing at the information
production stage when all major design decisions have been made, not during
the early design stages (Sun & Howard 2004).
5. The user interface of many CAD programmes is complex. Designers often
find it difficult to operate it effectively. As a result, they can sometimes be
distracted form the design task that they should really be concentrating on.
While not undervaluing the benefits of computer aided drafting systems
especially for information production purposes, their weakness are also
apparent (Sun & Howard 2004).
2.1.2 Schedul ing Tools: Bar (Gantt ) Chart
A bar chart is a graphic representation of project activities shown in a
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
as a calendar which shows the timescale horizontally and flow of activities
vertically. The vertical column also shows the timescale, duration and
sequence of activity. It is commonly used in construction industry due to
simplicity and ease of preparation and understanding. However, it lacks logical
representation (relationships), too simple and insufficient to show the details of
multitude of inter-related activities. It commonly used in small-sized project.
2.1.3 Scheduling Tools : Crit ical Path Method (CPM)
A critical path method (CPM) is a scheduling technique using networks for
graphic display of the work plan (Mubarak S. A. 2005). The method is used to
determine the length of a project and to identify the activities critical to project
completion. It was developed during the 1950s by DuPont and US Navy. It is
one of the common techniques used in practice for construction planning and
scheduling. Microsoft Project (2003) is one of the common software product
used for project scheduling The typical CPM is used to provide an overall view
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.2 The Innovative Technique of Construction Planning
The traditional construction planning tools restricted by their limitations are
insufficient to meet with the planners requirements nowadays. The
construction projects are currently becoming more and more complicated and
the traditional tools are insufficient to manage the information in these projects,
so a new planning concept, VP, has came to the industry. The concept of VP
will be introduced gradually.
2.2.1 3D
3D modeling is the basic components for producing virtual environment. The
planners, engineers can view the realistic images of construction projects in a
3D environment. However, 3D models can only provide static images and
cannot display the exact status of a project at a specific moment, which means,
no integration and interaction between models and time presents.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
and finish of activities in different colour. It provides the project participants with
a better communication in utilizing the space.
2.2.3 Virtual Prototyping (VP)
VP provides a capacity to construct in the computer. It provides a modeling
and simulation environment so powerful that the production, fabrication and
assembly of construction components, including the associated operational
processes, can be simulated in the computer (Karam 2004). VP takes into
account all of variables in the project procurement process from feasibility
analysis to maintenance management (Karam 2004). The primary objective is
to evaluate the feasibility of construction processes with a view to minimize the
time and resource use. VP can be described as simulation of construction
activities in 3D Environment. All the construction activities are represented by
dynamic behaviours of 3D CAD models and are linked by a simulation engine.
The 3D CAD models resources information and construction schedule are
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.2.4 Computer-aided Three-dimensional Interactive Appl ication
(CATIA)
Computer-aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) was first
developed by Dassault System in the early 1980s for the aerospace industry.
CATIA is one kind of VP software developed by IBM. It integrates a suite of
collaborative product design software applications covering Computer Aided
Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and Computer Aided
Manufacturing (CAM).The latest vision is now CATIA V5. It allows users to
design the products by 2D layouts as well as 3D models concurrently. The
software has being applied by many manufacturing industries, e.g. aerospace,
automotive, industrial machinery, electrical, electronics, shipbuilding, plant
design, and consumer goods, including design for such diverse products as
jewelry and clothing. It is now bringing into construction industry.
According to Karam (2004) CATIA is the leading product development solution
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
consumer goods, including design for such diverse products as jewelry and
clothing.
CATIA is the only solution capable of addressing the complete product
development process, from product concept specifications through
product-in-service, in a fully integrated and associative manner (Karam 2004).
It facilitates true collaborative engineering across the multi-disciplinary
extended enterprise, including style and form design, mechanical design and
equipment and systems engineering, managing digital mock-up, machining,
analysis, and simulation (Karam 2004).
By enabling enterprises to reuse product design knowledge and accelerate
development cycles, CATIA helps companies speed their responses to market
needs and helps free users to focus on creativity and innovation (Kleismit
2004)
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
adopted as an effective presentation tools for various types of usage, eg.
teaching. This is particularly true of simulation that make intelligent use of
computer graphics and animation. Such simulators dynamically show the
behaviour and relationship of all the simulated system's components, thereby
providing the user with a meaningful understanding of the system's nature.
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CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
3.1 Literature Search
3.2 Reason for using Case Study
& Interviews
3.3 Case Study
3.4 Interviews
Ch t 3 R h M th d l
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This section describes the methodology used in achieving the research
objectives. The dissertation is based on data collected from three main
sources, namely literature, interview and case study.
3.1 L iterature Search
The data collection stage would rely on the reference books, journals, reports
and websites which were mainly collected and obtained from the library and
on-line electronic database systems, such as Sciencedirect and ProQuest.
3.2 Reasons for using Case Study and Interviews
After investigation, there are few projects which have used CATIA & DELMIA
as a planning tool. People who familiarize with the application of CATIA &
DELMIA in construction industry are also limited
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology
the utilization of CATIA & DELMIA in Hong Kong Construction Industry.
3.3 Case Study
The case of Kwan Chung Public Housing Estate Project (KC Project) was
brought into analysis. In case study, the VP software CATIA and DELMIA was
used to simulate the 6-day construction cycle in New Harmony Block (Option 2)
in Kwan Chung. I have participated in the Project on development of 3D
models and simulation on the Construction Virtual Prototyping Laboratory, the
Department of Building and Real Estate of the Hong Kong Polytechnic
University. The drawings, schedules and other relevant information of the
cases are provided by Yau Lee Construction Co., Limited.
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Chapter 3 Research Methodology
3.4 Interviews
Interviews with construction professionals were carried out to have a further
understanding on the practice of VP in KC Project.
In this research, three professionals involved in from the project were
interviewed.
They are:
1. Mr. Richard Lee, a Design Manager of the KC Project from Yau Lee
Construction Co-operation Limited on 25 February 2006.
2. Mr. Patrick Ho, Site Agent of the KC Project from Yau Lee Construction
Co-opertaion Limited on 4 March 2006.
3. Mr Zeon Yu, Project Manage of the KC Project from Yau Lee Construction
Co-opertaion Limited on 11 March 2006.
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CHAPTER IV
VIRTUARL
PROTOTYPING IN
BUILDINGS
4.1 Design
4.2 Manufacture & Assembly
4.3 Sale & Promotion
4.4 Facilities Management
4.5 Demolition
Chapter 4 Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
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Chapter 4 Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
Chapter 4 VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING IN BUILDINGS
Virtual Prototyping involves in different stages of a building life cycle, including
design, manufacture, assembly, sales/promotion, facility management and
even demolition. Extent utilization of Virtual Prototyping in construction
industry is subject to the practicability of legacy, procurement and training
(Brandon, 2003). The application of VP is discussed in the following sections.
Chapter 4 Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
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p yp g g
4.1 Design
In design inception stage, architects/engineers usually make scale models to
illustrate their design concept with clients in order to make discussions and
compromises. While alteration of design often happens, amending scale
models frequently may be a problem. VP provides an easy changing visual
model to designers.
Secondly, a scale model is difficult to involve building services design. Steady
state heat loss and heat gain calculation is utilizated currently, some factors,
e.g. thermal mass, are neglected in building services design. VP allows the
negligence to be involved and visualized, dynamic thermal modeling can be
workable. (Stribling, 2003)
Thirdly, integration of various kinds of design, e.g. building aesthetics, building
services is feasible through the technology of VP which can include different
Chapter 4 Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
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Mechanics (CFD) (Figure 4.2). CFD can predict the internal climate which is
widely used on assessment of HVAC system and ventilation strategies. These
technologies can identify energy saving opportunities and thus reduces
expenditure on energy.
Fig 4.1 Example of lighting analysis Source:http://homepage.ntlworld.com
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4.2 Manufacture and Assembly
Manufacture and assembly stages are merged together in construction. The
successful of these stages depend on planning before works. Frequent faulty
of sequences and crash of activities can seriously affect the construction
progress causing uneconomical. VP gives various means to overcome these
problems.
Firstly, try before you use (Li, 2005) is a slogan of promoting the idea of VP in
construction industry. That means project planner can preview the processes
of the project visually in advance and test alternative courses of action. By
preview, identification of idle time and resources, and rapidly experiment new
alternatives to achieve optimization can be achieved. In the case of Ho Tung
Lau Railway Extension Project, three alternative construction methods,
including gantry, mobile crane and rolling trolley were tested.
Chapter 4 Virtual Prototyping in Buildings
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especially on suspended ceiling and raised floor. The function of identifying
clash can detect whether there is any clashes of building services elements
including air duct, fire sprinkler pipe, pipe, electricity trucking etc. To illustrate,
in the project of Hong Kong Community College, the clashes of reinforcement
bars between the precast elements was sorted out to shorten the construction
period (Fig 4.3&4.4). In the project of Venetian Macau Hotel, VP can eliminate
hurtles of five towel cranes which operate simultaneously (Fig 4.5).
Fig. 4.3 2/F
B5 Column of
HKCC
Fig.4.4 Clash of
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Fig.4.5 Five tower cranes operates simultaneously in Venetian Macau Hotel
Thirdly, VP acts as a presentation tool to disseminate the complicated
construction processes to project staff from top management to worker level,
so they can understand planning information easily (Kong, 2006). In Westlands
Road Office Building Project, contractors utilized the technology of VP to
introduce the construction method(Figure 4.6) and the construction process to
developers.
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Fig. 4.6 Construction Method of Westland Road Office Project
4.3 Sales/Promotion
In Property Sales, firstly, buyers may expect to preview the product before they
buy. Sellers/developers in Hong Kong usually build show-room to fulfill buyers
expectation Show-rooms can also be a promotion tool to attract potential
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4.4 Facili ty Management
According to Sarshar (2004), people responsible for collecting and archiving
project data may not always understand the specific needs of those who will
utilize it, such as those involved in building maintenance. VP has a function of
storing information. The storage and transfer of construction information
thoroughly by VP can contribute to a better management of facilities in future,
e.g. providing a detail plan of building services to help the facility manager to
sort out the problems.
4.5 Demolition
VP allows demolition professional to identify building technologies, process
and methods, eg. Post-tension members, so the professionals can choose the
most appropriate demolishing method for particular building. Time & Cost of
investigating the buildings may be reduced.
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CHAPTER V
FUNCTONS OF
CATIA V5 AND
DELMIA
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Document Types
5.3 CATIA V5 GUI
5.4 View & Manipulating Object
5.5 Sketching
5.6 Part Design and Modeling
5.7 Assembly Tools
5.8 Surfacing
Functions of CATIA V5 and DELMIA
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Chapter 5 FUNCTIONS OF CATIA V5 AND DELMIA
This chapter describes the main functions of CATIA and DELMIA. The
software screen captures are used to illustrate how the functions work.
5.1 Introduct ion
CATIA is designed for collaborative product development. It is mostly used in
virtual product design. DELMIA is designed for digital development of factory
and production processes. It is mainly used in manufacturing process planning,
detailing and simulation.
CATIA V5 provides various configurations including Platform configuration,
Application portfolios and Workbenches. The P2 Platform (Figure 5.1) is
commonly used and provides the extended design tools and additional
process oriented tools. The process tools are fully interchangeable and
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Part Design to Sheet Metal to Surfacing by CATIA, DPM Assembly Process
Simulation by DELMIA.
Fig.5.1 CATIA V5 & DELMIA P2 Platform
CATIA V5 and DELMIA interface is more like a typical Windows-type
environment It provides Window-like features (Figure 5 2) including object
Workbench
CATIA V5 Platform P2
Application portfolios
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The change of object-orientated tools on the right side relies on which module
is currently adopted. The first icon (Figure 5.2) shows which module (e.g. Part
Design) is used. A set of selection tool is always available on the screen no
matter which module is adopted.
Fig. 5.2 Traditional Tool Bars, Keyboard Shortcuts & Drop Down Menu
5.2 Document Types
There are three types of document in CATIA V5 including Part Product and
Dro Down Menu
Traditional Tool Bars
First Icon
E . Part Desi n
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5.3 CATIA V5 GUI
Generally, CATIA V5 and DELMIA share the same GUI. This helps users to
famaliarise with the operation of both of them.
5.3.1 Configuration Tree
Configuration tree (Figure 5.4) is fundamental tool for manipulating, controlling,
and organizing model elements and features. The branches along the tree
comprise the history and processes used to create parts. For example, in
Figure 5.4, when the Chamber icon is currently selected, the corresponding
identification in the tree turns orange.
5.3.2 Compass Tool
Compass tool (Figure 5.4) is used to modify the location or orientation of part
correspondent to the X-Y-Z co-ordinate system.
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Fig. 5.4 CATIA V5 GUI
5.4 Viewing and Manipulating Objects
CATIA allow objects viewed and manipulated easily. There are various
functions including pan, rotation and zoom for object viewing and manipulating.
Configuration Tree
Compass Tool
Chamber Element
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Rotation: To hold down the roll of mouse and either button of mouse and then
move the mouse simultaneously to rotate (Fig. 5.5).
Fig. 5.5 Rotation
5.5 Sketching
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Figure 3.5 Rotation
Fig.5.6 Sketcher environment
The function of Constraints is commonly used in Sketcher Workbenches.
Supplementary geometrical or dimensional constraints are added when
creating or adjusting 2D elements. For example, the dimension of rectangle is
easily edited by dimensional constraint and properties of line are edited by
Position Display
Sketcher Grid
Sketcher Geometry
Operation Toolbar
X-Y Plane
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Fig. 5.7 Constraint Examples
Constraint Toolbar
Element Colour Description
Under Constrained White
Over Constrained Violet
Inconsistent Red
Selected Orange
Constraint Defined
in Dialog Box
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5.6 Part Design and Modeling
A set of modeling tools (Figure 5.9) can be used after a 2D sketch is finished.
The sketch-based toolbar (Figure 5.9) helps users to handle the functions of
filleting, chamfering, shelling, hole creation etc. e.g. as shown in Figure 5.9, a
2D element is constructed to 3D object by Pad and the dimensions of 3D
object can be adjusted by dimensional constraint.
Sketch-Based Toolbar
2D Sketch
Dimension Constraint
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number of formulas (Figure 5.10) can be established to modify the elements or
objects from the original part file to a newly formed part file, so elements or
objects in the original part files can be used in other projects in the future.
In addition, as shown in Figure 5.10, there are different types of parameter in
the design table. Options in the design table are entered, CATIA V5 can then
automatically select the most appropriate option to be used in the elements or
objects. If there is a change in parameters, it will also have an effect on
construction cost and schedule generated by CATIA V5 and DELMIA.
Formula
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The Compass tool located in the upper right corner makes the movement and
rotation of 3D objects easier. The Compass tool can also be attached to an
object for the purpose of moving and rotating it (Figure 3.10).
Fig. 5.11 Compass Tool to move and rotate the element
Compass Tool
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should be created before any changes of an object.
Fig 5.12 CATProduct Sample
CATParts
Constraints
ApplicationProduct Structure
Toolbar
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5.8 Surfacing
CATIA V5 provides basic surfacing tools including extrude, sweep, revolve and
loft 2D profiles. The tools can also help to join, extend, split and trim surfaces
and extract surfaces from a solid. There is also a healing tool and a Fill
command which can be used to create a tangent cover for the shape shown in
Figures 5.13 and 5.14. It solves most CAD programs problems.
Fig. 5.13 Sample Creating top surface Fig. 5.14 A tangent cover
(Source: http://www.3ds.com/products-solutions/plm-solutions/image-gallery/?no_cache=1)
CATIA Generative Shape Design (GSD), a basic tool for constructing surfaces,
Functions of CATIA V5 and DELMIA
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5.9 Knowledge Ware
According to Beckert (2000), Dassault offers three KnowledgeWare products
on CATIA V5 targeted at users performing advanced design and engineering.
CATIA Knowledge Expert helps designers establish rule bases that capture
and automate knowledge process such as best practices, profession
processes, or design validation and corrections. CATIA Knowledge Advisor
ensures design compliance with corporate standards early in the design
cycle. CATIA Generative Knowledge, based on a scripting language, lets
users declare and reuse specification in a script format to automatically
generate intelligent designs. Those designs have to respect the softwares
programmed constraints. For example, titanium cladding torques at this
thickness but not at that or glass windows reflecting light at that angle will
create heat traps. Therefore, the software allows for considerable freedom of
design choices yet ensures that design decisions conform to corporate rules
during the design process (Schrage 2000)
Functions of CATIA V5 and DELMIA
biliti A i th t dd it k h b d fi i l
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capabilities. A company using the system adds its know-how by defining rules
in the knowledge base. These rules are then invoked by various means when
the system is being used to support a specific process or scenario. For
example, a company may determine that the treatment or material for screws,
which are the basic connections between the framing members of building
facades, will have a particular specification for a corrosive commodity. On
placing the screws, the system can check the suitability against the rules and
automatically assign the appropriate attribute.
5.10 Simulation Process
When the workbench changes to Assembly Simulation Process (Figure 5.15),
it provides different sets of icon to carry out a simulation process by DELMIA. A
clear overview of the sequences and links among processes, timing, cost, and
resources shows in this workbench. All the components involved in the
simulation process can be inserted in the lists which include Process Product
Functions of CATIA V5 and DELMIA
to operate a simulation process by means of simulation creation tool and the
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to operate a simulation process by means of simulation creation tool and the
data can be adjusted if required. These data can be adjusted through Microsoft
Excel.
The sequence of activities can be adjusted by PERT Chart (Figure 5.18). Each
activities and links are represented by pictures and symbols which are easily
understood and modified if necessary. The function of Gantt Chart (Figure 5.19)
is similar to Microsoft Project which shows the duration, start and end time of
an activity and resource used in each activity (Figure 5.19). The changes in
Gantt Chart or PERT Chart can directly reflect in the simulation process.
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Fig. 5.15 Simulation Process Work Bench
Simulation Tools
Simulation Creation Tools
P.P.R List
PERT Chart /Gantt Chart
Movement Set up
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Fig. 5.17 Grab Activity
Set Activities Icon
Sequence of Activities
Motion Set up
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Fig. 5.19 Gantt Chart
Duration of Activities
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CHAPTER VI
CASE STUDY and
Analysis
6.1 Background Information
6.2 Project Features
6.3 Simulation Process
6.4 Summary of the Project
6.5 Analysis
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
Chapter 6 CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS
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Chapter 6 CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS
6.1 Background Information
Fig. 6.1 Proposed Kwai Chung Public Housing Estate
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
Project Name Redevelopment of Kwai Chung
(C
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Flatted Factory, (Contract No.
20040031),Kwai Chung Public Housing Estate
Domestic 1983 Rental Flats
Location Wo Tong Tsui Street, Kwan Chung,
Hong Kong
Architect, Engineer and QualitySurveyor
Housing Department Developmentand construction division, The Hong
Kong Housing Authority
Main Contractor Yau Lee Constriction Co-operation
Limited
Cooking Bench, Sink Unit and Panel
Wall
Yau Lee Wah Concrete Precast
Product Co., Limited
Project Duration 18 Jan 2005 17Aug 2007
Construction Time 31 Months
Contract Sum HK$366M
Project Situation Under Construction
Table 6.1 Project Particulars
Proposed Kwan Chung
Public Housing Estate
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.2 Project Features
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The works comprise the construction of two nos. 41 storey modified New
Harmony 1 (Option 2) Blocks (Blocks 1 and 2), each block approximately 51.4
x 46.4m overall on plan and approximately 127m high from ground floor to
main roof level.
The external fascade, walls (structural and non-structural), bathrooms,
stair-core, lift shafts and bathroom-cum-kitchens of the domestic units to Block
1 and 2 are proposed to construct in precast concrete panels/components. In
this project, over 70% of the concrete elements are constructed by precast
concrete.
6.3 Simulation Process
The construction process simulation of 6 Day Cycle of Harmony One was
constructed by CATIA V5 and DELMIA for the purpose of developing a detailed
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
cranes are draw. The concrete structure is divided into slab, beam and wall
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elements, as shown in the following figures. The division is made according to
the sequence of concrete pouring and the layout of 6-day construction cycle.
These elements can be easily regrouped when there is a change in
construction sequence or redesign in layout of construction bays
Parametric models are built for generating reinforcement elements. By
adjusting parameters like dimensions of concrete elements, concrete cover,
steel bar diameter, steel bar spacing, length of steel bar projection from
concrete element, etc, the 3D slab, beam and wall reinforcement elements are
generated automatically.
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Fig. 6.5 Wall Reinforcement
After creating the basic elements, they can be grouped into external walls,
internal wall panels, etc.
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Fig. 6.7 Toilet
Temporary works elements including wall form, slab form, beam form and
working platform are also generated from parametric models. Parameters in
these models are defined according to their specific design criteria. All of the
parametric models are stored in library and can be reused easily in the future
projects
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Fig. 6.9 Working Platform
Fig. 6.10 Strut
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Fig. 6.11 Tower Crane
6.3.2 Construction Process Simulation
The 6-day cycle for construction of typical floor in Kwan Chung Public Housing
Estate is inputted through Gantt chart and PERT chart interface. Activity start
time, duration and precedent activity are handled in Gantt chart interface, while
logical sequence of activities is handled in PERT chart interface
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Figure 6.13 PERT CHART
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
Microsoft EXCEL for update and modification. The duration of activities is
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linked to these parameters and are updated automatically when there is
change in these parameters
The duration of concreting is linked to concreting rate parameter and the
measurement value of volume of concrete elements. The measurement value
is taken directly from 3D models and is updated dynamically.
The construction process simulation can run in real time or in accelerated and
decelerated speed. In reality every construction material or temporary support
is moved from one place to another by human or plant. In this Kwan Chung
Public Housing Estate 6-day cycle simulation, only those movements involving
use of tower crane are simulated, as other movements are considered not
necessary for supporting the 6-day cycle planning. Construction activities
without movement simulation are simulated by change in color Please refer to
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.3.3 Day 1
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Wing B Install Precast component (Figure 6.15)
Wind D Fix Reinforcement and Conduit (Blue while in progress) (Figure 6.15)
Wing D Fix Precast Component Reinforcement & Conduit (Figure 6.16)
Wing B Weld Type A Precast Wall (Figure 6.16)
Wing B Install Wall From for Fascade and Type C Wall (Figure 6.17)
Wing B Concrete to Wall (Red while in Progress) (Figure 6.17)
Wing B
Wing A
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Fig. 6.16 Day 1 noon.
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Fig. 6.18 Construction Process.
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Fig 6.20 Movement of Wall Form
6.3.4 Day 2
Wing A Fix Slab Reinforcement & Conduit (Blue while in Progress)(Fig. 6.21)
Wing B Strike Wall Form (Green While in Progress) (Fig. 6.21)
Wing C Install Precast Components (Blue while in Progress)(Fig. 6.22)
Wing C Fix Precast Component Reinforcement & Conduit (Figure 6.22)
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Fig. 6.21 Day 2 a.m.
Wing B
Wing C
Wing A
Wing D
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Fig. 6.23 Day 2 p.m.
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.3.5 DAY 3
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Wing C Strike Wall Form (Figure 6.25)
Wing C Erect Scaffolding for Semi-precast Slab(Red while in progress)
(Figure 6.25)
Wing B Install Semi-Precast Slab (Red while in progress) (Figure 6.26)
Wing B Grouting to Type A Precast Wall (Figure 6.26)
Wing C Install Semi-precast Slab (Figure 6.26)
Wing D Concrete to Floor Slab & Half Central Core (Figure 6.27)
Wing A Concrete to Floor Slab (Figure 6.27)
Wing B
Wing A
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Fig. 6.26 Day 3 noon
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Fig. 6.28 Movement of Concrete Boom
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.3.6 DAY 4
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Wing D Install Precast Components (Figure 6.30)
Wing B Fix Slab Reinforcement & Conduits (Figure 6.30)
Wing C Grout Fascade Joint (Blue while in progress) (Figure 6.30)
Wing D Fix Precast Component Reinforcement & Conduit (Blue while in
progress) (Figure 6.31)
Wing D Weld Type A Precast Wall (Figure 6.31)
Wing D Install Wall Form for Fascade and Type C Wall (Figure 6.32)
Wing D Concrete to Wall (Red while in progress) (Figure 6.32)
Wing B
Wing A
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Fig. 6.31 Day 4 noon.
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.3.7 DAY 5
Wi D St ik W ll F (G hil i ) (Fi 6 33)
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Wing D Strike Wall Form (Green while in progress) (Figure 6.33)
Wing C Fix Slab Reinforcement & Conduits (Blue while in progress) (Figure
6.33)
Wing A Install Precast Components (Figure 6.34)
Wing A Fix Precast Component Reinforcement & Conduit (Figure 6.34)
Wing D Erect Scaffolding for Semi-precast Slab (Figure 6.35)
Wing A Grout Fascade Joint (Purple while in progress) (Figure 6.35)
Wing A Concrete to Wall (Red while in progress) (Figure 6.35)
Wing B
Wing A
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Fig. 6.34 Day 5 noon
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Fig. 6.36 Fix Conduit and Reinforcement
6.3.8 DAY 6
Wing A Strike Wall Form (Green while in progress) (Figure 6.37)
Wing A Erect Scaffolding for Semi-precast Slab (Figure 6.37)
Wing D Install Semi-precase Slab (Figure 6.38)
Wing D Grout Fascade Joint (Purple while in progress) (Figure 6 38)
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
Wing A
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Fig. 6.37 Day 6 a.m
Wing B
Wing C
Wing A
Wing D
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Fig. 6.39 Day 6 p.m
6.4 Summary of the Project
This project study the feasibility of a 6-days floor cycle in the construction of
two 40th stories residential buildings. This pioneering project is the first to
adopt the new precast public housing design from the Hong Kong Government.
More than 70% of the building structure is made of pre-cast elements
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
to fully utilize the tower crane and shorten the construction cycle. This project
successfully shortens the 6 full days works to 5 days The simulation also
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successfully shortens the 6 full day s works to 5 days. The simulation also
helps the contractor to produce an improved sequence of installing precast
elements.
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.5 Analysis
Integrating the findings from the case and the interviews, an analysis
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Integrating the findings from the case and the interviews, an analysis
concerning the strengths and limitations of utilizing CATIA and DELMIA is
conducted.
6.5.1 Strengths
CATIA and DELMIA has the strengths of the present 2D CAD technology as
mentioned in Chapter 2.1.1 2D Computer Aid Design and overcome some of
its limitations which are discussed in the following sections.
6.5.1.1 Drawings
Referring Yip (2005), by using CATIA, it can offer the building industry a
breakthrough 3D digital environment enabling the shift away from 2D drawing,
layering-oriented systems originally used to produce paper documents. The
object-orientated tools allow users to create model three dimensionally, but not
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
utilizing CATIA and DELMIA which allows managing the site space visually.
The simulation environment provides an intuitive way to plan storage (Kong,
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p y p g ( g,
2006).
6.5.1.3 Communication
CATIA and DELMIA stimulates communication in various aspects. Holtzman
(2002) explained that using CATIA can decrease the amount of discrepancy
between different contractors work as everyone is directly referencing a single,
complete, 3D model. The 3D model and the simulation process which provide
an easy understanding platform allow planners to communicate within their
team, with their clients and the contractors, e.g. the function of process
simulation in DEMIA allows users to view various stages of a cycle, so the
dynamic and interrelationship between activities can be understood by
different parties (Kong, 2006). Subsequently, communication became more
efficient and effective according to Lee (2006)
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
types of resources usage report can be generated automatically from the
simulation. The first type is report showing usage of a particular resource for
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yp p g g p
which activities and at which time. The second type is report showing what
resources are used for a particular activity and at what time. These reports can
be in bar chart or table format to improve the flow and optimize the use of
resources (Kong, 2006).
6.5.1.5 Information Management
One of the functions of CATIA is parameter editing. The case of 6-day cycle
simulation is based on productivity rate parameters which can be checked
against the real productivity rates measured during construction, and then, be
adjusted to refine the simulation. The adjusted productivity rate can be used as
a benchmark for projects in the future, so information management for future
use is improved.
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.5.2 Limi tations
Although CATIA and DELMIA has plenty of advantages, planners do not adopt
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the technology in a large extent because there are still many limitations to be
overcame.
6.5.2.1 Design for Manufacture
Martyn Day (2003) stated that although Dassault System (CATIA V5 and
DELMIA) has perfectly viable systems for structural and mechanical, CATIA
does not have any as it is not tailored to the building industry which involves
huge amount of complex information. Buildings may contain 10 to 50,000
structural plates and I-beams with corresponding numbers on the curtain
wall and ductwork, so CATIA and DELMIA may not have the capability to
integrate all that information so it still has modeling limitation.
6 5 2 2 License Fee
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
As a license that can be shared by moving between configurations
A set of products bundled together to solve a particular design or engineering
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problem is called a configuration. Most of these configurations include four to
twelve products and their price is quite high. After the first configuration is
purchased, it is possible to expand the toolset by purchasing a single product.
Moreover, the company has to pay for the license subscription fee annually.
The license fee of CATIA and DELMIA is comparatively superior to the
traditional CAD software, e.g. AutoCAD 2006, Microsoft Project 2003, etc, as
shown in the following table.
Software AutoCAD
2006
Microsoft
Project 2003
CATIA V5 & DELMIA
License Fee HK$32,999a HK$6,999a >HK$1,000,000
Remarks : (Asscess though www hkishop com on 20 February 2006)
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.5.2.3 Lacking in skil lfu l labour
CATIA and DELMIA is fresh to construction industry. According to Ho (2006),
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there is a lack of skillful labour who familiarize with the operation of CATIA and
DELMIA in construction field (Lee, 2006). Although there are publications
teaching CATIA and DELMIA, training programme is far lacking comparing with
AutoCAD, Micro Station and Microsoft Project, etc.
6.5.2.4 Hardware Requirement
Apart from license fee and labour problem, CATIA and DELMIA requires high
quality computer hardware to support processing of massive amount of data,
e.g. according to website of IBM, an internal or external disk drive (minimum
recommended size is 4 GB) is required to store program executables
(installation of all CATIA Version 5 Products requires 2.0 GB on Windows, 2.4
GB on AIX, 2.7 GB on HP-UX, 2.5 GB on IRIX, and 2.3 GB on Solaris),
program data usage environment and paging space These are also a
Chapter 6 Case Study and Analysis
6.5.2.5 Human-Initiated Characteristic
CATIA and DELMIA are obviously very powerful software to help planner
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design the construction programme, however, they cannot generate the best
programme to achieve optimization by itself. Software cannot create the best
programme without planner who design, prepare and input the basic data, and
then, the software help to generate and simulate the possible programme in
order to identify any possible planning errors. CATIA and DELMIA can improve
the programme designed by planners, but not create a new one. They must be
initiated by professionals.
CHAPTER VII
Conclusions and
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Conclusions andRecommendations
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 Recommendations
Chapter 7 Conclusions & Recommendations
Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Conclusions
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Inefficient site space and facilities management, crashes of activities and poor
communication are common problems in construction projects. These
problems often lead to inefficient utilization of cost and time. A comprehensive
planning is the solution to solve the problems. CATIA and DELMIA provides a
platform to create a comprehensive planning.
Derived from the functions of CATIA V5 and DELMIA and interviews with
professionals, advantages in terms of drawings, site space and facilities
management, communication, scheduling and information management are
found. However, there are some limitations to restrict the popularity of CATIA
and DELMIA in construction industry in Hong Kong because, firstly, it was
designed for manufacture, but not tailor made for construction, secondly, its
Chapter 7 Conclusions & Recommendations
design construction programme, however, they have not widely used in
construction industry subject to the limitations mentioned in previous
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paragraph.
7.2 Recommendations
This research investigates the utilization of CATIA and DELMIA by qualitative
method because of the limitation in collecting data from companies. However,
it is worth to have further study on the issue by using quantitative method, e.g.
comparing the cost and time invested in a project with and without using CATIA
and DELMIA. It can provide investors with more convincing reasons to adopt
this new tool in their developments.
Reference and Bibliographies
References and Bibliographies
1 A till J W d R W W dh d (1990) C iti l th th d i
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1. Antill, J.W., and R.W. Woodhead. (1990).Critical path methods in
construction practice. 4thed. New York: Wiley,
2. Brandon, P. S., (1999) Product Process Development in 2000 Beyond,
Berkeley-Stanford CE&M Workshop, Standford 1999.
3. Beckert, Beverly A. (2000) CAD software gets "smarter", Computer -
Aided Engineering Vol 19, Iss 1, Jan 2000
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Appendix
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix I - Sample of Accompanying Letter
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Appendix II - Sample of Interview Question
Appendix III - Method and Sequence of Construction at Typical Floor
Appendix IV - 6-day Cycle Programme for Typical Floors
Appendix
Appendix I: Sample of Accompanying Letter
February 2006
Dear Sir,
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Invitation of Participating in a Research Interview
I am hereby writing to invite you being the interviewee of a research. I am Li Ka
Ming, a student of BSc (Hons) of the Building Surveying of the Department of
Building and Real Estate in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. I am currently
carrying out a research project on The application of Virtual Prototyping in the
Construction Industry : a case study of Kwan Chung Redevelopment Project .
The main objectives of this project are to evaluate the effectiveness of construction
simulation process, improve the traditional construction planning and make
recommendations on the further development of virtual prototyping.
I strongly believe that your experience and opinion is highly valuable to the
academics and practitioners. The information you provide will be kept in strict
confidentiality and used for academic purposes. Only generalized summaries and
conclusion will be presented even in research reports.
Time and place of interview can be arranged at your convenience. If you have further
enquires, please contact me via mobile (no. 98511622) at your convenience. I am
looking forward to hearing from you.
Thank you for your assistance.
Yours sincerely,
Appendix
Appendix II: Sample of Interview Questions
Interview Questions Aims
1. What are your expectations on the To collect the practitioners view on the
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technology of virtual prototyping in
projects? Were the results complied
with your expectations?
expectations of virtual prototyping
2. Why do you/your company invest
in the technology of virtual
prototyping?
To collect the practitioners view on the
investment of innovation technology
3. Do you think that virtual
prototyping is effective in
improving the planning and
construction of a project in term of
time, cost and quality ?
To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual
prototyping to improve the planning and
construction of a project
4. What are the considerations/criteria
of using virtual prototyping?
To identify the relative importance of
various factors using virtual prototyping.
5. What do you think about the ease of
use, practicability and cost of usingvirtual prototyping in construction
industry ?
To evaluate the attractiveness of using
virtual prototyping in project planning
6. Do you think virtual prototyping
acts as a Design tool successfully ?
To evaluate whether virtual prototyping
helps designers to choose the best
alternative designs
7. What do you think about usingvirtual prototyping in project
planning ?
To collect the practitioners view on
using virtual prototyping in the
construction industry.
Appendix
Appendix III: Method and Sequence of Construction at Typical Floor
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Appendix
Appendix IV: 6-day Cycle Programme for Typical Floors
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