distributed cyberphysical systems with electricilty ......based resource management, distributed...
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MasterClass on Data-driven Support for Cyber-physical systemsDAT300, DIT615
Introduction: Distributed Cyberphysical systems with
Electricilty Networks as example(& Course Outline)
Networks and Systems DivisionComputer Science and Engineering Department
Chalmers University of Technology & Gothenburg University
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Application domains: energy & other infrastructure systems, production &
vehicular systems, networks
Briefly on research + education area of the supportingteam
Distributed systems & IoT
(e.g. distributed, locality-based resource
management, distributedapplications, locality-
related topics)
Security, reliability
Survive failures, prevent/detect/ mitigate attacks,
secure self-organization, …
Parallel & stream
processingEfficient
data&computation-intensive systems,
multicoreprocessing, cloud &
fog computing
Magnus Almgren M. Papatriantafilou
Babis (Charalampos) Stylianopoulos
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Examples Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
www.energy-daily.com/images/
Adaptive Electricity Grids
http://www.kapsch.net/se/
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Cyberphysical systems as layered systems
Cyber system
communication link
Physical system
Sensing+computing+ communicating device aka Internet-of-
Things (IoT)
Marina PapatriantafilouSwedish e-Science Academy 2015
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CPS/IoT => big numbers of devices and/or big data rates => big volumes of events/data!
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2020: Billions of connected devices [Ericsson, Cisco]
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e.g., in the traditional El Grid…
Dispatchable Sources Oblivious Loads
Generation
Transmission Distribution
….while in the greener El Grid
Dispatchable Sources
Generation
Transmission Distribution
+ aware, Interactive loads+ non-dispatchable, distributed sources
+ info, communication, computation+ emeters
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Zooming into an el-network
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The traditional Electrical Grid
Generation Transmission Distribution
Managed and monitored by the SCADA system. No dedicated real time monitoring system (yet). Pic. V. Tudor
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From centralized to distributed generation
Power IslandPic. V. Tudor
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One of the enabling components: Smart Meter (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
A “Smart” Meter: is a small embedded system automates (consumption) index
readings instantaneous consumption in-door display time of use tariffs the base for the AdvancedMetering Infrastructure
Pic. V. Tudor
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In the CPS cyber-layer
• Adaptiveness: Distributed resource management
• Enabling “tools”: Communication, Data, information
• Orthogonal and utterly important: cyber-security
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In the CPS cyber-layer
• Adaptiveness: Distributed resource management
– Demand-side management: load balancing, load shifting (users)
– Routing, aggregation (network)
• Communication, Data, Information
• Cybersecurity
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Adaptiveness: eg Demand-side managementhousehold/neighborhood-scale and more
……
…
……
…
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Problem: Fine-grained align supply & consumption; continuous decisions based on info on load, availability, constraints, possibilities ((non)shiftable load, thermal or other storage…)(recall also power island, aka microgrid)
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In the CPS cyber-layer
• Distributed resource management
• Enabling “tools”: Communication, data, information
– Distributed sources & processing
– Wireless/sensor networks
– Monitoring, facilitating resource services
• Cybersecurity
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Info needed in near-real-timeIs store&process (DB) a feasible option?
– high-rate sensors, high-speed networks, soc. media, financial records: up to Mmsg/sec; sometimes decisions must be taken really fast e.g., fractions of msec, even μsecs.
Data Stream Processing:
– In memory, in-network, distributed
– Locality, use of available resources
– Efficient one-pass analysis & filter
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“as of today, of the available data from sensors only 0.1% is analyzed, mainly offline (i.e., afterwards, not in or close to real-time)”
[Jonathan Ballon, Chief Strategy Officer, General Electric]
fig: V. GulisanoMarina Papatriantafilou
Swedish e-Science Academy 2015
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… or ”some V’s …
• Volume: terabytes – peta/exa/zetabytes
• Velocity: streams
• Variety: various types of data …
… system: Big! … data: Big! but: locality!
… and one D”: DistributionNot always necessary to centralize => allow multiple actors, data-streaming, scaling,
privacy, …
i.e. BIG!
Good! Process on-the fly can eg filter peta+bytes to megabytes
with various relevance domains; locality: good!
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Data gathering&processing in Sensor Networks
nodes produce relevant information about their vicinity periodically.
Data is conveyed to an information sink for further processing.
….Routing
On which path is node u’s data forwarded to the sink?
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Processing/streaming/aggregation
… data can be processed as it is routed to the collector/aggregator (sink).
In-network aggregation/streaming/processingWhere/how is u’s data processed?
Work with routing, streaming, coding, processing schemes to deliver needed info to
the sink (care also for privacy).
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In the Power Grid cyber-layer
Selected topics:
• Distributed resource management
• Communication, information
• Orthogonal issues: cyber-security
• Extra important for overall system reliability
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Imperative to addresscyber security from the start
Back Office
ElectricCar
AppliancesAlarmSystem
SmartMeter
Collector
Accidents/unwantedsituations/attaccks are
possible
Lesson learned from Internet
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Cybersecurity aspects E.g.
Possible to destabilize parts of the system (-> blackouts) by inappropriate access to e.g. remote on/off possibilitiest
Avoid the Internet examples of de facto standards info-security from the start Distributed/collaborative
security methods can help to deal with scale
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Reflecting ….
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Cyberphysical systems:possibilities and challenges shake hands
Cyber system
El- link and/or communication link
Overlay network
Physical system
Computing+ communicating device
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On-the-fly data processing & analysis
-Data validation, monitoring, …
-Security, privacy
Energy, buildings, production
- data-driven distributedmonitoring, resource planning
- Microgrids demo work
Energy/efficientcomputation
- streaming , parallel/multicore computing, incl. on embedded processors
Vehicular systems
- data-driven situation-awareness- communication
&coordination, e.g. crossings
- Gulliver testbed
@NS division (approx 30 pers): Cyberphysical systems research
Security, dependa
bility
Distributedsystems,
IoTParallel
&streamcomputing
Fig. Giorgos Georgiadis/ Vincenzo Gulisano / Rocio Rodriguez / Chalmers Magazine Gulliver project/Elad Schiller
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Other examples cyber-physical systems
bending
Laser cutting robot
Robot welder
Laser shaping
Fig: SSF FiC project; Hans Hansson
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Example CPS data-processing ++: Distributed monitoring
Possibly remote…
Local, eg. embedded platforms
Fig: SSF FiC project; Hans Hansson
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Recent¤t related research project support @NS
EXCESS
AoA Building Futures, Energy, ICT, Transport
Faculty researchers responsible/involved:
Magnus Almgren
Vincenzo Gulisano
Olaf Landsiedel
Tomas Olovsson
Marina Papatriantafilou
Elad Schiller
Philippas Tsigas
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In this course: Topics: • System perspective, eg adaptiveness, distributed
resource management in electricity grids• Enablers: Communication, Data processing• Cyber-security
Structure, todo’s:• Projects • Guest lectures by the supporting team + industry and
related parties• Self-study, projects and presentations
How? • Cf Administrative Details.pptx
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Cf examples from earlier projects@ the shared box folder