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10/5/2016
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Diversity of Life:
Animal Kingdom
Lessons 4 & 5
Vertebrates
7th Grade Science Class Notes & Activities
Lesson 4: Vertebrates - Read pages 155-157 to complete this section.
(A) What phylum includes vertebrates, or animals with a backbone?
(B) At some point in their lives, all of these have:
1 - A ________________, which is a flexible rod that supports its back.
2 - A nerve cord, such as our __________ cord, to connect the
brain to nerves in the rest of the body
3 - Have _________ pouches, which become gills in some
animals or disappear before birth
(C) Most chordates have a backbone, or ________, and is made up of
many small bones called _________________.
(D) An ______________'s body temperature changes with temperature
changes in its environment, while an ______________ is able to produce
and regulate its own temperature.
NOTOCHORD
SPINAL
THROAT
SPINE
VERTEBRAE
ECOTHERM
ENDOTHERM
CHORDATES
COLD-BLOODED (ADD TO NOTES)
WARM-BLOODED (ADD TO NOTES)
The Shape of Life: Chordates
Glue the worksheet on page 14 FAF Left.
Complete the worksheet as you watch the video during class.
Your Turn - Which words will best fill in the
blanks?
Backbone Backwards Chimpanzees Dinosaurs Egg Fish Gill slits Humans
King Cobra Mammals Metabolism Monitor Lizard Muscles Nerve Notochord Salp
Skulls Speak Tunicates Venom Vertebrate Write
#5 – Do on your own as its not in the list!
ANSWER KEY – CORRECT ANY THAT YOU MISSED!
1. Describe each part of the Amphioxus.
a) The NERVE cord moves the nerve messages through the body
b) It has GILL SLITS to help it obtain oxygen under water.
c) It uses its segmented MUSCLES to move.
d) It has a NOTOCHORD that gives it shape and is the
precursor to the backbone in humans.
2. What is another term for a Chordate, or an animal with a
backbone? VERTEBRATE
3. What do we humans have in our skeleton that is similar to a
notochord? BACKBONE
4. Which has more genes: Amphioxus or humans? HUMANS
5. Why was the addition of more genes so important to the evolution
of Chordates? IT ALLOWED VERTEBRATES TO DEVELOP
SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES.
6. FISH were the first animals with bony and flexible jaws. They
also had SKULLS to protect the soft brain.
7. Chordates that filter (or siphon) water for food are called
TUNICATES, while the SALP strings together a long chain of
pearl-like strands.
8. The MONITOR LIZARD is one of the first Chordates that
flourished on land with their strong limbs and laid EGGS for
reproduction.
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9. The KING COBRA does not have limbs or legs but does have a
tongue and can slither over land. It injects VENOM into other
snakes and is able to "eat" it using its teeth that face BACKWARDS.
10. What vertebrates were the largest on land? DINOSAURS
11. What small furry creatures came after dinosaurs? MAMMALS
12. Warm-blooded animals have a higher METABOLISM, which
results in a higher need for food.
13. What specific group of primates acts and looks most like us?
CHIMPANZEES
14. Our large brains allow us to SPEAK and WRITE to pass down
knowledge from generation to generation.
Look on the back of the video
worksheet from yesterday …
As we watch the videos for this
unit, fill in the middle column
with examples for each and
then add information to the last
column that you think is
interesting or important.
Things to do …
1) Finish the rest of the note worksheet for tomorrow using
your textbook on Pearson Easy Bridge.
2) Check out the animal cams available on the Science Spot Kid
Zone.
Go to mrstomm.com 7th Science and scroll down for the link.
Lesson 5: Vertebrate Diversity - Read pages 158-163 to complete this
section.
(A) Fish are vertebrates that live in ___________ and use _______ to
move with most being cold-blooded (or ________________). Most of
them have_______________ and obtain ____________ through gills.
They have a ____-chambered heart.
(B) Fish are classified into three groups: _______________ fishes,
_____________________ fishes, and ____________ fishes. CARTILAGINOUS
JAWLESS
BONY
WATER
SCALES OXYGEN
ECOTHERM
FINS
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Do you know …
What is our state fish?
Blue Gill
Examples of Fishes
Bony Fish
Bass
Trout
Hagfish
Jawless Fish
Lamprey Hagfish
Fish that have no jaws and no scales are
called JAWLESS fish. Their skeletons
are made of CARTILAGE, which is a
tissue that is more flexible than bone.
Cartilaginous Fish
Shark Sting Ray
Fish with jaws, scales, and skeletons made
of cartilage are called CARTILAGINOUS
fish. They are usually carnivores that eat
other animals for food.
A BONY fish has jaws, scales, a pocket that
holds the gills, and a skeleton made of hard
bone. They also have a SWIM BLADDER,
which is an internal gas-filled sac that helps
them stabilize at different depths in the water.
Eyewitness Fish
What did you add to your chart?
What questions do you have about fish? Let’s find some answers!
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(C) An _______________ is an ecothermic vertebrate that spends its
early life in water and adult life on land. They lay eggs in _________ and
have hearts with ___ chambers. While __________________ have
tails, most adult _________ and __________ do not.
WATER
FROGS
AMPHIBIAN
SALAMANDERS
TOADS
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Eyewitness
Amphibians
Do you know … What is our state amphibian?
Eastern Tiger Salamander
What did you add to your chart?
What questions do you have about amphibians?
Let’s find some answers!
(D) A ______________ is an ecothermic vertebrate that has _________
skin, ___________ to breathe, and lays _______ on land. They usually
have a ____-chambered heart, but crocs have ____.
(E) How do reptiles keep water inside their bodies?
REPTILE
EGGS
SCALY
LUNGS 3 4
Thick skin to keep water inside their bodies
Kidneys to help them conserve water
Tough-shelled eggs to help keep water inside the egg for the
young
Do you know …
What is our state
reptile?
Painted Turtle
Add interesting info to your chart as you watch the video.
What questions do you have about reptiles? Let’s find some answers!
Reptiles
What questions do you have about reptiles? Let’s find some answers! F) A ___________ is an endothermic vertebrate that lays ______, has
____________ and a ____-chambered heart. They have wings with
_____________ and nearly ___________ bones to help them fly.
(G) Give an example of an adaptation that helps a bird survive in its
habitat.
Do you know … What is our state bird? Cardinal
BIRD EGGS
LUNGS 4
FEATHERS HOLLOW
Owls – Sharp vision and hearing helps them hunt at
night
Wild Turkeys – Use their “gobble”, tail feathers, and
head movement to attract females
Ostriches – Able to run at fast speeds to escape
from predators
Buntings – Uses its bill to eat seeds it finds
Bug Eaters (Swallows) – Able to catch insects while
it flies
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HOW DO BIRDS FLY?
Moving air exerts pressure and the
faster the air moves, the more pressure
it exerts. The difference in pressure
above and below the wings as a birds
moves through the air produces an
upwards force called lift. Birds also
have large muscles in their chest to
help with flight.
BERNOULLI EFFECT A famous investigator named Daniel Bernoulli
discovered that air flows faster over the top of
a curved wing than below the wing.
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF BIRD FLIGHT?
WHICH TYPE OF BIRD FLIGHT IS THE FASTEST?
FLAPPING, SOARING/GLIDING, and DIVING
DIVING Watch Eyewitness: Birds
& add information to your chart!
Add notes to your chart as you watch the video.
What questions do you have about birds? Let’s find some answers!
Birds
What questions do you have about birds? Let’s find some answers!