divisions of the global ocean 1. atlantic second largest a) average depth of 3.6 km 2. pacific...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth’s Oceans
![Page 2: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Divisions of the Global Ocean1. Atlantic second largest
a) Average depth of 3.6 km
2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surfacea) Contains more than ½ of ocean water on Earthb) Deepest ocean at 3.9 km
3. Indian is the 3rd largesta) Average depth of 3.8 km
4. Southern Oceana) Coldest ocean
5. Arctic Ocean
Sea: smaller parts of ocean partially surrounded by land
![Page 3: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Earth’s 5 Oceans
![Page 4: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Properties of Ocean Water1. Composition
a) Salts: carried out by rivers, not returned to land when water evaporates
b) Elements: chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, & potassium
c) Dissolved gases: Nitrogen, oxygen, & carbon dioxide
2. Salinity: amount of dissolved salts in ocean water
1. Increases as temperature increases2. Removal (evaporation) of water will increase
salinity3. Adding of water (rain, rivers) will decrease
salinity
![Page 5: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Properties of Ocean Water3. Temperature
a) Surface: temperature effected by sun, moving water underneath, & distance from the equator
a) Temperature decreases as depth increases
b) Thermocline: zone of rapid temperature change under surface water
![Page 6: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Properties of Ocean Water4. Density: effected by temperature & Salinity5. As Depth Increases so does the Pressure6. Color: determined by the way water absorbs or reflects sunlight
![Page 7: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WavesThe movement that carries energy through ocean.Caused by:•Wind•Tides•Earthquakes•Volcanic Eruptions
![Page 8: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Parts of a Wave
• Crest – highest point of a wave• Trough – lowest point of a wave• Wave Height – vertical distance
between the crest and the trough• Wavelength – horizontal distance
between two crests or two troughs
![Page 9: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Still Water
Wave Parts
Trough
Wave Height
Crest
Wavelength
![Page 10: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wave Movement
• When a wave passes through the ocean, individual water molecules move up and down but they do not move forward or backward.
![Page 11: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Wave Movement
• When a wave breaks against the shore, the crest outruns the trough and the crest collapses.
• Called a breaker.• In this case, water does move
forward and backward.
![Page 13: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tides
•Caused by the rise and fall of sea level
•4 tides occur daily: 2 high tides & 2 low tides
•Tidal Range: Difference between high and low tide
•Intertidal Zone: area that high tide covers and low tide exposes
•Period when sea level rises: flood tide
•Period when sea level falls: ebb tide
•Period in between: slack water
![Page 14: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sun Tidal influence is only 46% that of the MoonDue to the much greater distance the gravitational force is reduced
![Page 16: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ocean Currents
•Surface Currents: Currents mainly in the top 100 to 200m of the ocean• Driven by Earth’s wind systems• Northern Hemisphere Trade winds and Westerlies blow
the Gulf Stream
•Deep currents: Caused by differences in density caused by the temperature and salinity of ocean water• Moves slowly in deep ocean • Cold, dense water sinks at the poles• After sinking these water masses slowly move away
from the poles• Eventually return to the surface through upwelling
![Page 17: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Surface Currents
• Upwelling: upward motion of cold water occurs when surface water is moved offshore
• Downwelling: warm surface water piles up along the shore and sinks
![Page 18: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Deep Water Currents
• Thermohaline Circulation: ocean conveyer belt • Dominant driving force is difference in density
caused by salinity and temperature• As water freezes into ice, the water that does
not freeze becomes much more saline. Water that has a high salt content is more dense and as a result will sink.
• Cold water is more dense than warm water and will sink
![Page 19: Divisions of the Global Ocean 1. Atlantic second largest a) Average depth of 3.6 km 2. Pacific largest ocean and feature on Earth’s surface a) Contains](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dd05503460f94ac52a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)