dm4 penndot manual

DESIGN MANUAL PART 4

STRUCTURES PROCEDURES DESIGN PLANS PRESENTATION

PDT PUB No. 15M

MAY 2012 EDITION

PUB 15M (5-12)

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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL

PART 4

VOLUME 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... xi

INCORPORATED STRIKE-OFF LETTERS .......................................................................................................................... xiii

PART A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. A.1 - 1 1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL .................................................................................................. A.1 - 4 1.3 BRIDGE DESIGNS AND REVIEWS BY CONSULTANTS ........................................................................ A.1 - 7 1.4 COMPUTER PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 11 1.5 MAJOR, UNUSUAL OR COMPLEX BRIDGES .......................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6 PLAN PRESENTATION ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.7 GENERAL NOTES ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.8 DESIGN COMPUTATIONS .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.9 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN PHASE ............................................................................................... A.1 - 41 1.10 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS - CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.11 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN-BUILD, LOW BID .................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.12 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN BUILD, ADJUSTED BID ....................................................... A.1 - 78 1.13 HAULING RESTRICTIONS AND PERMITS ............................................................................................. A.1 - 79 1.14 SYSTEMS APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79

CHAPTER 2 SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES

2.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 1 2.1 STEEL BRIDGES ............................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 2 2.2 CONCRETE BRIDGES ................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 2 2.3 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES ....................................................................................................... A.2 - 2 2.4 TIMBER BRIDGES ......................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 3 2.5 CULVERTS...................................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 3 2.6 OTHER BRIDGE TYPES ................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 4 2.7 SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES ................................................................................................................. A.2 - 4

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 BRIDGE GEOMETRY .................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 1 3.2 SUPERSTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 1 3.3 SUBSTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 13 3.4 BRIDGE PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................... A.3 - 37 3.5 UTILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 38 3.6 MISCELLANEOUS ......................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 38 3.7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS .................................................................................................................................. A.3 - 64

CHAPTER 4 BRIDGE ECONOMICS

4.1 BRIDGE ECONOMICS - GENERAL ............................................................................................................. A.4 - 1 4.2 LIFE-CYCLE COSTS ...................................................................................................................................... A.4 - 4 4.3 STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES ............................................................................................................................ A.4 - 4

DM-4, Table of Contents May 2012

0BVOLUME 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

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CHAPTER 5 REHABILITATION STRATEGIES

5.0 DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS ................................................................................................................ A.5 - 1 5.1 FATIGUE DAMAGE OF STEEL BRIDGES .................................................................................................. A.5 - 2 5.2 COVER PLATE CUTOFFS ............................................................................................................................. A.5 - 20 5.3 FASTENERS .................................................................................................................................................... A.5 - 24 5.4 WELD REPAIRS OF TENSION FLANGES OF A-7 STEEL BRIDGES....................................................... A.5 - 24 5.5 BRIDGE REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ................................................................................................ A.5 - 25 5.6 BRIDGE PRESERVATION AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ........................................................... A.5 - 57 5.7 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES ....................................................................................................... A.5 - 64 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.5 - 65

CHAPTER 6 PROCEDURES FOR GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONS

6.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ A.6 - 1 6.2 RECONNAISSANCE ...................................................................................................................................... A.6 - 1 6.3 FOUNDATION EXPLORATION - FINAL DESIGN ..................................................................................... A.6 - 4 6.4 SERVICE PURCHASE TEST BORING CONTRACTS ................................................................................. A.6 - 18 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.6 - 18

CHAPTER 7 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES, SCOUR AND CULVERTS

7.1 HYDRAULICS ................................................................................................................................................. A.7 - 1 7.2 SCOUR ............................................................................................................................................................. A.7 - 1 7.3 CULVERTS...................................................................................................................................................... A.7 - 9

PART B: DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE OF THE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................. B.1 - 1 1.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.1 - 1 1.3 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................................................. B.1 - 1

SECTION 2 GENERAL DESIGN AND LOCATION FEATURES

2.3 LOCATION FEATURES ................................................................................................................................ B.2 - 1 2.5 DESIGN OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. B.2 - 5 2.6 HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS ............................................................................................................ B.2 - 11 2.7 BRIDGE SECURITY ...................................................................................................................................... B.2 - 12 2.9P DESIGN DRAWINGS .................................................................................................................................. B.2 - 13 2.10P CONSTRUCTION LOADS ........................................................................................................................ B.2 - 15 2.11P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.2 - 21

SECTION 3 LOADS AND LOAD FACTORS

3.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 1 3.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 1 3.4 LOAD FACTORS AND COMBINATIONS .................................................................................................. B.3 - 1 3.5 PERMANENT LOADS ................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 17 3.6 LIVE LOADS .................................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 17 3.7 WATER LOADS: WA ................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 28 3.8 WIND LOAD: WL AND WS......................................................................................................................... B.3 - 28 3.9 ICE LOADS: IC ............................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 29 3.10 EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS: EQ .................................................................................................................. B.3 - 30



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3.11 EARTH PRESSURE: EH, ES, LS AND DD ............................................................................................... B.3 - 31 3.12 FORCE EFFECTS DUE TO SUPERIMPOSED DEFORMATIONS: TU, TG, SH, CR, SE, PS ............... B.3 - 36 3.13 FRICTION FORCES: FR ............................................................................................................................. B.3 - 36 3.14 VESSEL COLLISION: CV .......................................................................................................................... B.3 - 36 3.17P FORCE TRANSFER TO SUBSTRUCTURE ............................................................................................. B.3 - 36 3.18P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.3 - 36

SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

4.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.4 - 1 4.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.4 - 1 4.4 ACCEPTABLE METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................... B.4 - 1 4.5 MATHEMATICAL MODELING ................................................................................................................... B.4 - 2 4.6 STATIC ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... B.4 - 3 4.7 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. B.4 - 27 4.8 ANALYSIS BY PHYSICAL MODELS ......................................................................................................... B.4 - 30

SECTION 5 CONCRETE STRUCTURES

5.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.5 - 1 5.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.5 - 1 5.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................ B.5 - 1 5.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 9 5.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................................................... B.5 - 11 5.7 DESIGN FOR FLEXURAL AND AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS ...................................................................... B.5 - 12 5.8 SHEAR AND TORSION ................................................................................................................................ B.5 - 21 5.9 PRESTRESSING AND PARTIAL PRESTRESSING .................................................................................... B.5 - 24 5.10 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT .............................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.11 DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT ....................................................................... B.5 - 29 5.12 DURABILITY ............................................................................................................................................... B.5 - 29 5.13 SPECIFIC MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.14 PROVISIONS FOR STRUCTURE TYPES .................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.15 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 29

SECTION 6 STEEL STRUCTURES

6.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 1 6.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.6 - 2 6.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.6 - 2 6.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 2 6.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 5 6.6 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................... B.6 - 6 6.7 GENERAL DIMENSION AND DETAIL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... B.6 - 16 6.8 TENSION MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................... B.6 - 23 6.9 COMPRESSION MEMBERS ......................................................................................................................... B.6 - 23 6.10 I-SECTION FLEXURAL MEMBERS .......................................................................................................... B.6 - 24 6.11 BOX-SECTION FLEXURAL MEMBERS ................................................................................................... B.6 - 40 6.13 CONNECTIONS AND SPLICES ................................................................................................................. B.6 - 41 6.14 PROVISIONS FOR STRUCTURE TYPES .................................................................................................. B.6 - 46 6.15 PILES ............................................................................................................................................................ B.6 - 46 6.16 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 52 APPENDIX B6 MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION FROM INTERIORPIER I-SECTIONS IN STRAIGHT

CONTINUOUS-SPAN BRIDGES .............................................................................................................. B.6 - 53



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SECTION 7 ALUMINUM STRUCTURES

7.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.7 - 1

SECTION 8 WOOD STRUCTURES

8.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.8 - 1 8.11 BRACING REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... B.8 - 1

SECTION 9 DECKS AND DECK SYSTEMS

9.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.9 - 1 9.4 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... B.9 - 1 9.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.9 - 1 9.6 ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................................... B.9 - 2 9.7 CONCRETE DECK SLABS ........................................................................................................................... B.9 - 2 9.8 METAL DECKS ............................................................................................................................................. B.9 - 7 9.9 WOOD DECKS AND DECK SYSTEMS....................................................................................................... B.9 - 9 9.11P DECK PROTECTION SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. B.9 - 10 9.12P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.9 - 12

SECTION 10 FOUNDATIONS

10.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.10 - 1 10.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.10 - 2 10.4 SOIL AND ROCK PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................ B.10 - 3 10.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ........................................................................................ B.10 - 11 10.6 SPREAD FOOTINGS .................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 18 10.7 DRIVEN PILES ............................................................................................................................................ B.10 - 42 10.8 DRILLED SHAFTS ...................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 76 10.9 MICROPILES ............................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 85 10.10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.10 - 94 B10P ESTIMATED VALUES FOR ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE ................................................... B.10 - 97 B10.1P SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 97

SECTION 11 ABUTMENTS, PIERS AND WALLS

11.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.11 - 1 11.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.11 - 7 11.4 SOIL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS ..................................................................................................... B.11 - 7 11.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ....................................................................................... B.11 - 8 11.6 ABUTMENTS AND CONVENTIONAL RETAINING WALLS ................................................................ B.11 - 11 11.7 PIERS ............................................................................................................................................................ B.11 - 20 11.8 NONGRAVITY CANTILEVERED WALLS ............................................................................................... B.11 - 25 11.9. ANCHORED WALLS.................................................................................................................................. B.11 - 27 11.10 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS ................................................................................. B.11 - 34 11.11 PREFABRICATED MODULAR WALLS ................................................................................................. B.11 - 40 11.13P GABION RETAINING WALLS .............................................................................................................. B.11 - 42 11.14P REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... B.11 - 44



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SECTION 12 BURIED STRUCTURES AND TUNNEL LINERS

12.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.12 - 1 12.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.12 - 1 12.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.12 - 1 12.4 SOIL AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES ....................................................................................................... B.12 - 3 12.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ....................................................................................... B.12 - 4 12.6 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES ................................................................................................................ B.12 - 7 12.7 METAL PIPE, PIPE ARCH AND ARCH STRUCTURES .......................................................................... B.12 - 30 12.8 LONG-SPAN STRUCTURAL PLATE STRUCTURES .............................................................................. B.12 - 31 12.9 STRUCTURAL PLATE BOX STRUCTURES ............................................................................................ B.12 - 32 12.10 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE ............................................................................................................. B.12 - 34 12.11 REINFORCED CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE AND PRECAST BOX CULVERTS AND

REINFORCED CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHES ............................................................................................. B.12 - 34 12.12 THERMOPLASTIC PIPES ......................................................................................................................... B.12 - 38 12.13 STEEL TUNNEL LINER PLATE .............................................................................................................. B.12 - 42 12.14 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE THREE-SIDED STRUCTURES ............................................... B.12 - 42 12.15 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.12 - 44

SECTION 13 RAILINGS

13.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.2 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.4 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.7 TRAFFIC RAILING...................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 2 13.8 PEDESTRIAN RAILING.............................................................................................................................. B.13 - 6 13.9 BICYCLE RAILINGS ................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 6 13.12 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.13 - 6

SECTION 14 JOINTS AND BEARINGS

14.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.14 - 1 14.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.14 - 1 14.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.14 - 1 14.4 MOVEMENTS AND LOADS ....................................................................................................................... B.14 - 2 14.5 BRIDGE JOINTS .......................................................................................................................................... B.14 - 2 14.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR BEARINGS ........................................................................................................... B.14 - 6 14.7 SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR BEARINGS .................................................................................. B.14 - 11 14.8 LOAD PLATES AND ANCHORAGE FOR BEARINGS ............................................................................ B.14 - 39 14.10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.14 - 41

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PART 4

VOLUME 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A QUALITY ASSURANCE FORMS FOR BRIDGE DESIGN

1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.A - 1 2.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE FORMS ............................................................................................................... Ap.A - 1

APPENDIX B - TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR SHOP DRAWING REVIEW

APPENDIX C PAST AND CURRENT BRIDGE STANDARDS

APPENDIX D CHECKLIST FOR CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN ALTERNATE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REVIEW

APPENDIX E BRIDGE MANAGEMENT WHITE PAPER

1.0 ASSET DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................... Ap.E - 1 2.0 GOALS AND POLICIES .............................................................................................................................. Ap.E - 1 3.0 INVENTORY ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.E - 3 4.0 CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND PERFORMANCE MODELING ......................................................... Ap.E - 3 5.0 ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION (DECISION MAKING PROCESSES) ......... Ap.E - 3 6.0 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................................... Ap.E - 4 7.0 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ............................................................................................................... Ap.E - 4 8.0 NEXT STEPS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.E - 4 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTINUATION OF NEXT STEPS............................................................. Ap.E - 5

APPENDIX F REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR LATERALLY LOADED PILES AND DRILLED SHAFTS

1.1 LATERAL LOADS ON PILES ..................................................................................................................... Ap.F - 1 2.1 DRILLED SHAFTS ...................................................................................................................................... Ap.F - 71 2.2 COM624 ANALYSES .................................................................................................................................. Ap.F - 73 2.3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND GENERAL SHAFT DIMENSIONS .......................................................... Ap.F - 93 2.4 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.F - 113

APPENDIX G INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS

1.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 1 1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 1 1.3 SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN .................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 10 1.4 INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN ............................................................................................................. Ap.G - 11 1.5 APPROACH SLAB ....................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 21 1.6 EXPANSION JOINTS .................................................................................................................................. Ap.G - 22 1.7 BEARING PADS .......................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 23 1.8 DESIGN DETAILS ....................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 23 1.9 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.G - 24


VOLUME 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

vii

APPENDIX H PENNSYLVANIA INSTALLATION DIRECT DESIGN (PAIDD) FOR CONCRETE PIPES

1.0 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 1 2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 1 3.0 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.H - 1 4.0 NOTATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 2 5.0 SUMMARY OF PRACTICE ........................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 3 6.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 4 7.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 4 8.0 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 5 9.0 LOADS .......................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 6 10.0 STANDARD INSTALLATIONS................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 6 11.0 PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 8 12.0 REINFORCEMENT .................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 8 13.0 PIPE DESIGNATION ................................................................................................................................. Ap.H - 12 14.0 MULTIPLE PIPE INSTALLATIONS ........................................................................................................ Ap.H - 12

APPENDIX I EXTENSIBLE REINFORCEMENTS

1.1 HYDRAULICS .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.I - 1 2.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.I - 8

APPENDIX J APPROVED COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE OR CONSULTANT DEVELOPED SOFTWARE

1.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GIRDER BRIDGES ............................................................. Ap.J - 1 2.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GENERAL/SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ..................................... Ap.J - 2 3.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE SEISMIC ANALYSIS .......................................................... Ap.J - 3 4.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS ........................................... Ap.J - 4

APPENDIX K APPROVED PREFABRICATED RETAINING WALLS

APPENDIX L SOIL-CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEMS SOIL-CULVERT INTERACTION (SCI) DESIGN PROCEDURE

1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.L - 1 2.0 DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................................ Ap.L - 4 3.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.L - 16

APPENDIX M SOIL-CORRUGATED METAL BOX STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEMS SOIL-CULVERT INTERACTION (SCI) DESIGN PROCEDURE

1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.M - 1 2.0 DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................................ Ap.M - 2 3.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.M - 6

APPENDIX N PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING A NEW STANDARD OR REVISING AN EXISTING STANDARD

1.0 PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A NEW STANDARD OR REVISING AN EXISTING STANDARD .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.N - 1

2.0 PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF STANDARD DRAWINGS ........................................................ Ap.N - 2 3.0 PROCEDURE FOR ISSUANCE OF STANDARDS .................................................................................... Ap.N - 2


VOLUME 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

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APPENDIX O SOIL-NAILED RETAINING WALLS

1.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 1 1.2 LOADING ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 2 1.3 MOVEMENT UNDER THE SERVICE LIMIT STATE .............................................................................. Ap.O - 2 1.4 SAFETY AGAINST SOIL FAILURE .......................................................................................................... Ap.O - 3 1.5 SAFETY AGAINST STRUCTURAL FAILURE ......................................................................................... Ap.O - 7 1.6 SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS ............................................................................................................... Ap.O - 17 1.7 CORROSION PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 17 1.8 NAIL TESTING ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 18 1.9 DRAINAGE .................................................................................................................................................. Ap.O - 18 1.10 SUBMITTALS ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 18 1.11 CONTRACTORS QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................... Ap.O - 20 1.12 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................... Ap.O - 20 1.13 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 38

APPENDIX P JACKING AND SUPPORTING THE SUPERSTRUCTURE

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PART 4

INTRODUCTION

Design Manual, Part 4 is part of a series of Department (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation) design manuals which have the specific objective of obtaining uniformity and establishing standard policies and procedures in the preparation of design and construction plans for highway structures. The provisions of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, shall govern where applicable, except as specifically modified by the requirements herein.

The inclusion of specified design criteria in this Manual does not imply that existing roadways, which were designed and constructed using different criteria, are either substandard or must be reconstructed to meet the criteria contained herein. Many existing facilities which met the design criteria at the time of their construction are adequate to safely and efficiently accommodate current criteria unless a safety or capacity problem manifests itself.

Since it is not feasible to provide a highway system that is continuously in total compliance with the most current design criteria, it is imperative that both new construction and reconstruction projects are selected from a carefully planned program which identifies those locations in need of improvement and then treats them in priority order. Once a new construction or reconstruction project is selected in this manner, this Manual should be used as a guide in determining the appropriate design criteria to be used.

The Design Manual has precedence over AASHTO design specifications and bridge design and construction standards. The Design Manual, which is published in loose-leaf form to facilitate changes and expansion, is divided into three parts:

(A) "Policies and Procedures", (B) "Design Specifications" and (C) "Appendices to Design Manual, Part 4". In Part B, the AASHTO LRFD article numbering system is followed. Where a new article has been added, the suffix P, to

designate "Pennsylvania Article", appears at the end of the new article number. All references to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications sections, articles, equations, figures or tables carry the

prefix A. References to AASHTO commentary carry the prefix AC. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part A, "Policies and Procedures", carry the prefix PP. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part B, "Design Specifications", carry the prefix D. References to commentary to Design Manual, Part 4 carry the prefix DC.

When a DM-4 article modifies and/or adds information to an AASHTO article, the first sentence of the DM-4 article shall read "The following shall supplement Ax.x.x". When a DM-4 article replaces an AASHTO article, the first sentence shall read "The following shall replace Ax.x.x".

Policy and procedure information which does not have a corresponding AASHTO article number will be placed using a "0" attached to the article number.

Maintenance and updating of this Manual is the responsibility of the Bureau of Project Delivery.

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PART 4

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAR Association of American Railroads

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Generally "AASHTO" is a reference to LRFD Bridge Design Specifications

ADT Average Daily Traffic

ADTT Average Daily Truck Traffic

AITC American Institute of Timber Construction

AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association

ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials

AWS American Welding Society

BC-Stds. Bridge Construction Standards

BD-Stds. Bridge Design Standards

BBSS Bureau of Business Solutions and Services

BPAA Bridge Plan Approval Application

BMS Bridge Management System

BOPD Bureau of Project Delivery

BDTD Bridge Design and Technology Division

BRADD Bridge Automated Design and Drafting

Bul. 15 Approved Construction Materials (Bulletin 15)

CADD Computer-Aided Design and Drafting

C/C Center-to-Center

CVN Charpy V-notch (Impact Requirement)

DCNR Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

DEP Department of Environmental Protection

DGCE District Grade Crossing Engineer

DPE District Project Engineer

DM-4 Design Manual, Part 4

DPM District Project Manager

FAST Facilitate Acceleration through Special Techniques

DM-4, 0BList of Abbreviations May 2012

0BLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)

xii

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

HDD Highway Delivery Division

LFTF Liquid Fuel Tax Funded

LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design

LTS Laboratory Testing Section

MPS Master Policy Statement

MSE Mechanically Stabilized Embankment

NBIS National Bridge Inspection Standards

PC Personal Computer

PennDOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

PMC Project Management Committee

P/S Prestressed

PS&E Plans, Specifications and Estimate

PTF Pennsylvania Traffic Factor

PUC Public Utility Commission

Q/A Quality Assurance

RC Reinforced Concrete

RC-Stds. Roadway Construction Standards

RQD Rock Quality Designation

SCEF Structural Committee for Economical Fabrication

SIRS Structure Inventory Record System

SMS Structural Materials Section

S. R. State Route

STStds. Structural Standards (Predecessor to BC Series)

TC-8700 Series Traffic Control Signing Standards

TS&L Type, Size and Location

VEACTT Value Engineering Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer

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PART 4

INCORPORATED STRIKE-OFF LETTERS

SOL 431-98-23 Highway Hydraulics Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 23 FHWA HI 97-030

SOL 431-09-14 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Change No. 1

SOL 431-10-6 Fill and Cover Requirements for Pipe Revisions to Design and Construction Publications

SOL 431-10-12 Bridge Design Standards, BD-600M Series (Pub. 218M): September 2010 Edition

SOL 431-10-13 Bridge Construction Standards, BC-700M Series (Pub. 219M): October 2010 Edition

SOL 431-11-4 Publication 218M BD-642M, BD-643M, BD-644M, BD-645M, & BD-647M and Publication 15M Design Manual, Part-4 Revised Definition of Design Sign Area and Design Preference for Overhead Sign Structures

SOL 431-11-6 Modifications to Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Implementation Measures to Mitigate Corrosion of Substructure J-Bar Reinforcement

SOL 431-11-8 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Addition of Section B 2.9P and Quality Assurance Form D-519 to Design Manual Part 4 for Construction Loading on Bridges

SOL 431-11-9 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Revision of Appendix J - Approved Commercially Available or Consultant-Developed Software

SOL 431-12-2 Implementation of AAAP Cement Concrete

SOL 431-12-3 Publication 219M, BC-701M - Protective Fence - New Protective Fence Details for Bridges over Railroads


PART 4

VOLUME 1



PART 4

VOLUME 1


PREFACE All references to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications sections, articles, equations, figures or tables carry the prefix A. References to AASHTO commentary carry the prefix AC. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part A, "Policies and Procedures", carry the prefix PP. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part B, "Design Specifications", carry the prefix D. References to commentary to Design Manual, Part 4 carry the prefix DC.

A.1 - i


PART 4

VOLUME 1


CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

CHAPTER 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS............................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1 Design Specifications ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 1

1.1.1.1 AASHTO Interim Specifications .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 1 1.1.1.2 Deviations From Specifications ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.3 Order Of Precedence ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.4 Interpretation Of Design Specifications .................................................................................................... A.1 - 1 1.1.1.5 Applicable Specifications for Local Projects ............................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.6 AASHTO Guide Specifications ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 2 1.1.1.7 AASHTO Standard Specifications ........................................................................................................... A.1 - 3

1.1.2 Construction Specifications ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 3 1.1.3 Bridge Standards................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 3

1.1.3.1 Supplemental Drawings ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 4

1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 4 1.2.1 Submission of Recommended Modifications...................................................................................................... A.1 - 4 1.2.2 Processing of Recommended Modifications ....................................................................................................... A.1 - 7

1.3 BRIDGE DESIGNS AND REVIEWS BY CONSULTANTS ..................................................................................... A.1 - 7 1.3.1 Scope of Work for New Designs ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 7 1.3.2 Scope of Work for Rehabilitation Projects ......................................................................................................... A.1 - 7 1.3.3 Selection of Design Methodology....................................................................................................................... A.1 - 8 1.3.4 Bridge Design Review by Consultants ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 8

1.3.4.1 Review Levels ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 11

1.4 COMPUTER PROGRAMS ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 11 1.4.1 Modification, Acquisition, or Development of Programs ................................................................................. A.1 - 11 1.4.2 Bridge Automated Design and Drafting System (BRADD).............................................................................. A.1 - 12

1.4.2.1 Department Use ...................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 12 1.4.2.2 Use of BRADD on Consultant Designed State Projects ......................................................................... A.1 - 12 1.4.2.3 Use of BRADD on Non-Departmental Pennsylvania Bridge Projects ................................................... A.1 - 12

1.4.3 CADD Cells for Bridge Details ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 13 1.4.4 Bridge Engineering Software on PCs ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 13 1.4.5 Commercial Software ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 13 1.4.6 Computer Programs for Girder Bridges ............................................................................................................ A.1 - 13 1.4.7 PC Versions of the PennDOT Engineering Programs ...................................................................................... A.1 - 14

1.5 MAJOR, UNUSUAL OR COMPLEX BRIDGES ...................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.5.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.5.2 Design Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.5.3 Early Involvement of BDTD ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16

1.6 PLAN PRESENTATION ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6.1 Drawings ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6.2 Title Blocks ...................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18

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1.6.2.1 Basic Information ................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18 1.6.2.2 Description of Structure .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18 1.6.2.3 Description of Drawings ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 19 1.6.2.4 Sheet Numbering .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 19 1.6.2.5 Structure Plan Number (S-Number) ....................................................................................................... A.1 - 19

1.6.3 Special Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.1 Engineering Seal ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.2 Supplemental Drawings .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.3 Revisions ................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 20 1.6.3.4 Release of Information and Documents to Non-Department Source ...................................................... A.1 - 20

1.6.4 General Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.1 Layout ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.2 Linework and Lettering .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.3 Checking ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.4 North Arrow ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.5 Dimensioning .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.6 Duplication of Details ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.7 Cross-Referencing .................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.8 Pay Limits ............................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.9 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 22 1.6.4.10 Reinforcement Bar Schedules ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 22 1.6.4.11 General Plan Sheet ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 22

1.6.5 Stake-Out Sketch .............................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 28 1.6.5.1 Stake-Out Guidelines .............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 28 1.6.5.2 Procedure to Ensure Against Discrepancies in Bridge Stake-Out .......................................................... A.1 - 28

1.7 GENERAL NOTES .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.1 Design Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.2 Design Live Loads ............................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 30 1.7.3 Dead Loads ....................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.4 General ............................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 30

1.7.4.1 Notes for Proprietary Walls (For plans prepared by a proprietor for the Contractor) ............................ A.1 - 32 1.7.4.2 Notes for Bridge Rehabilitation Plans .................................................................................................... A.1 - 32

1.7.5 Notes for Piles .................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 33 1.7.5.1 Notes for Pile Driving Requirements ...................................................................................................... A.1 - 33 1.7.5.2 Notes for Pile Installation Information ................................................................................................... A.1 - 35

1.7.6 Notes for Reinforced Concrete Box and Arch Culverts .................................................................................... A.1 - 35 1.7.7 Notes for Steel Beams and Girders ................................................................................................................... A.1 - 35 1.7.8 Welding Notes for Rehabilitation of Structures or where Field Welding is Permitted ..................................... A.1 - 36 1.7.9 Utility Notes ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 36 1.7.10 Instructions ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.7.11 Timber Notes .................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 37 1.7.12 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 37 1.7.13 Additional Notes to be shown on Contract Drawings ..................................................................................... A.1 - 37

1.8 DESIGN COMPUTATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.8.1 General Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37

1.8.1.1 Policy for Designer's Responsibility for Constructibility ........................................................................ A.1 - 38 1.8.2 Computer Programs .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 39 1.8.3 Rating Computations ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 39

1.9 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN PHASE .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 41 1.9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 41 1.9.2 Permit Applications and Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report ............................................................................. A.1 - 46

1.9.2.1 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Coordinators and Regulatory Permit Coordinators ...................................... A.1 - 47 1.9.2.2 Records of Regulatory Permits ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 47


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1.9.2.3 Permit Amendments ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 47 1.9.2.4 Permits for Projects with Alternate Structures at One Location ............................................................. A.1 - 48 1.9.2.5 Permits for Design-Build Projects .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 48

1.9.3 Type, Size and Location (TS&L) ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49 1.9.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49 1.9.3.2 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49

1.9.3.2.1 Responsibility of District .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 49 1.9.3.2.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 49

1.9.3.3 Submission Requirement ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 49 1.9.3.3.1 Standard TS&L ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 49 1.9.3.3.2 Streamlined TS&L........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 53

1.9.4 Foundations ...................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53 1.9.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53 1.9.4.2 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53

1.9.4.2.1 Responsibility of District .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 53 1.9.4.2.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 53

1.9.4.3 Submission Requirement ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 53 1.9.4.3.1 Standard Foundation ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 54 1.9.4.3.2 Streamlined Foundation ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 62

1.9.4.4 Special Considerations ........................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.4.5 Foundation Approval .............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 62

1.9.5 Final Review of Plans ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.5.1 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.5.2 Submissions ............................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 63

1.9.5.2.1 Plan Review by Consulting Engineers .......................................................................................... A.1 - 63 1.9.5.3 Checklist of Minimum Items .................................................................................................................. A.1 - 63

1.9.6 Final Plans ........................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 65 1.9.6.1 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65

1.9.6.1.1 Responsibility of District Bridge Engineer ................................................................................... A.1 - 65 1.9.6.1.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 65

1.9.6.2 Plan Presentation .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65 1.9.6.3 Signing of Bridge Plans .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65

1.9.7 PS&E Submission ............................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 66 1.9.7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 66 1.9.7.2 Responsibility of District Bridge Engineer ............................................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.9.7.3 Responsibility of BDTD ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 67

1.9.8 Revisions to Contract Drawings and As-Built Plans ......................................................................................... A.1 - 67

1.10 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS - CONSTRUCTION PHASE ......................................................................................... A.1 - 67 1.10.1 Alternate Design by Contractors ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 67

1.10.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.10.1.2 Details for Alternate Design by Contractor .......................................................................................... A.1 - 68

1.10.1.2.1 Federal Oversight Projects and Major, Unusual or Complex Projects ....................................... A.1 - 68 1.10.1.2.1a In-House Review and Approval ........................................................................................ A.1 - 68 1.10.1.2.1b Consultant Review and Approval ...................................................................................... A.1 - 69

1.10.1.2.2 PennDOT Oversight Projects ..................................................................................................... A.1 - 70 1.10.1.2.2a In-House Review and Approval ........................................................................................ A.1 - 70 1.10.1.2.2b Consultant Review and Approval ...................................................................................... A.1 - 71

1.10.1.3 Disposition of Unused Plans for Alternate Bridge Designs .................................................................. A.1 - 72 1.10.1.4 Changes in Prestressing by Contractor ................................................................................................. A.1 - 72

1.10.2 Shop Drawings ................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 72 1.10.2.1 Shop Drawing Review .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72

1.10.2.1.1 In-House Design ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72 1.10.2.1.2 Consultant Design ...................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72

1.10.2.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 72 1.10.2.3 Required Shop Drawings ...................................................................................................................... A.1 - 73


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1.10.2.4 Statewide Standardization and Quality Control .................................................................................... A.1 - 73 1.10.2.5 Review Procedure ................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 74 1.10.2.6 Permanent Records of Shop Drawings ................................................................................................. A.1 - 75

1.10.3 Pile Hammer Approvals .................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 76 1.10.4 Pile Load Test Evaluations ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 76 1.10.5 Construction Problems .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 76 1.10.6 Revisions to Contract Drawings and "As-Built" Plans ................................................................................... A.1 - 76

1.10.6.1 Revisions During Bidding Phase .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 76 1.10.6.2 Revisions During Construction Phase................................................................................................... A.1 - 77

1.10.6.2.1 Revisions Due to Errors/Omissions or Field Conditions ............................................................ A.1 - 77 1.10.6.2.2 Revisions Due to Minor Design Changes Requested by the Contractor ..................................... A.1 - 77

1.10.6.3 Acceptance of Plan Revisions............................................................................................................... A.1 - 77 1.10.6.4 Drafting Procedures for Plan Revisions ................................................................................................ A.1 - 78 1.10.6.5 Microfilming and Storage Requirements .............................................................................................. A.1 - 78

1.11 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN-BUILD, LOW BID ............................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.2 Conceptual Design .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.3 Final Design .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4 Construction .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78

1.11.4.1 Shop Drawings ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.2 Pile Hammer Approvals ....................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.3 Pile Load Test Evaluations ................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.4 Construction Problems ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.5 Revisions During Construction and As-Built Plans .............................................................................. A.1 - 78

1.12 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN BUILD, ADJUSTED BID .................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.12.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78

1.13 HAULING RESTRICTIONS AND PERMITS ........................................................................................................ A.1 - 79 1.13.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79 1.13.2 Permit - Legal Loads....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79

1.14 SYSTEMS APPROVAL .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79

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1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS

1.1.1 Design Specifications

The following specifications, unless otherwise modified or amended in this manual, shall govern the design of highway structures:

(1) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 5th Edition, 2010

(2) AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:20XX - Bridge Welding Code {XX per Publication 408, Section 1105.03(m)}

(3) AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th Edition 2001 including Interims through 2006.

(4) AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering, 2011, and other specific requirements by the operating railroad

(5) AITC, American Institute of Timber Construction, Timber Construction Manual, Third Edition, 1985

(6) AASHTO Guide Specifications for the Design of Stress - Laminated Wood Decks, April 1991

(7) AASHTO Guide Specification for Strength Design of Truss Bridges (Load Factor Design), 1985.

1.1.1.1 AASHTO Interim Specifications

As AASHTO Interim Specifications are published, BDTD will review the interims and incorporate them into this manual as necessary.

1.1.1.2 Deviations From Specifications

Any deviations from the specifications and standards listed above, or the Department's design criteria described hereafter, require the Chief Bridge Engineer's approval. The approved design criteria shall be shown on the bridge plans.

1.1.1.3 Order Of Precedence

The design criteria given in this Manual supersedes any criteria given in the referenced design specifications in PP1.1.1 and PP1.1.3.

In case of conflict or where clear precedence cannot be established, the Chief Bridge Engineer shall establish governing specifications.

1.1.1.4 Interpretation Of Design Specifications

For Design Manual, Part 4, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, the final interpretation shall be made by the Chief Bridge Engineer.

1.1.1.5 Applicable Specifications for Local Projects

Local projects may be designed using AASHTO specifications only, unless the local authority agrees to use the Department's specifications in addition to the AASHTO specifications. Additionally, Publication 70M, Guidelines for the Design of Local Roads and Streets, may be used.


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1.1.1.6 AASHTO Guide Specifications

1. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Design of Steel Bridges, 1989

This specification shall not be used.

The current Design Manual, Part 4, in combination with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications provides all needed criteria and directions.

2. Guide Specifications for Strength Evaluation of Existing Steel and Concrete Bridges, 1989


The current PennDOT Bridge Inspection Manual in combination with the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation provides adequate criteria and directions.

The Department may ask any designer or bridge strength evaluator to use any of these publications under a special situation. The Chief Bridge Engineer should be contacted prior to authorization of their usage.

3. Guide Specifications for Bridge Railing, 1989


Only use Department established standard details for bridge railing and transition. Any needed modification will be published as a modification to the Department's railing standards. Special designs must match the Department's railing shape and size and ultimate strength.

4. Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges, 1999, including the 2003 Interim

This specification, with the exception of the following items, is to be used in preparation of segmental concrete projects:

a. Corrosion protection of prestressing steel shall be provided in accordance with Publication 408, Section 1108.03(b).

b. Provision for deck replacement and full-depth repair method must be presented. Provide a provision for a 1 1/4 in. latex overlay.

c. Do not use unbonded prestressing system as a permanent prestressing system.

d. Prior to starting design of any component of a segmental bridge, applicable section(s) of these specifications and design methodology must be reviewed and approved by the Chief Bridge Engineer.

5. Guide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers, 1989 including the 1992 and 2002 Interims

Refer to PP3.6.4 for further guidelines.

6. Guide Specifications for Alternate Load Factor Design Procedures for Steel Beam Bridges Using Braced Compact Sections, 1991

This specification shall not be implemented and is not to be used as a design guide on Department projects.


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7. Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges, 1991

The specification may be used for information only.

Availability of the specification is not an endorsement to use aluminum bridges on Department projects. Special approval of the Chief Bridge Engineer is required for aluminum usage in bridges, as well as specific parts of the specifications on a project-by-project basis.

A copy of the Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges is available in the BDTD.

8. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges, 1990

This specification shall not be used on Department projects.

9. LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges, 2009

This specification shall be used for bridges intended for only pedestrian, equestrian, light maintenance vehicles, and/or bicycle traffic.

10. Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition, 2011

1.1.1.7 AASHTO Standard Specifications

1. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition

This specification shall be used when a service load or load factor design are requested, i.e. rehabilitation projects.

2. Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th Edition, 2001

Implement the interims through 2006 for this specification.

1.1.2 Construction Specifications

1. Publication 408, Specifications

2. Changes to Publication 408

1.1.3 Bridge Standards

The following standard drawings shall be followed and used wherever practicable:

1. Standards for Bridge Construction, BC Series

2. Standard Plans for Low Cost Bridges, BLC Series (Only use on local bridge projects and designs. Details must be upgraded to comply with the current policy.)

3. Standards for Bridge Design, BD Series

4. Standards for Roadway Construction, RC Series

5. Traffic Control and Signing Standards, TC-8600 and TC-8700 Series

6. Lighting, TC-8715

Reference to any or all of the Standard Drawings in the BC Series, on the structure design drawings, in lieu of showing specific details is encouraged, provided coordinating information is shown on the design drawings. Reference to applicable RC Standards shall also be made.


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1.1.3.1 Supplemental Drawings

The referenced Standard Drawings shall be listed in the Table for Supplemental Drawings and in the General Notes on the Roadway Plans with the other referenced drawings.

Lists of past and current bridge standards are given in Appendix C for information.

1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL

Whenever a user believes that modifications (including additions) to Design Manual, Part 4, would improve the present design practice, the following sections outline the course of action to be taken.

1.2.1 Submission of Recommended Modifications

The recommended modification shall be transmitted to the Director, Bureau of Project Delivery, by completing the revision request form shown in Figure 1.2.1-1.


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DESIGN MANUAL, PART 4

REVISION REQUEST

TO: , DIRECTOR

BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY

REQUESTING ORGANIZATION/COMPANY DATE OF REQUEST SIGNATURE OF PERSON REQUESTING CHANGE

NAME OF PERSON TO CONTACT TELEPHONE NUMBER ADDRESS

IF YOU REQUIRE MORE SPACE THAN IS PROVIDED, USE SHEETS OF PLAIN PAPER THAT ARE THE SAME SIZE AS THESE SHEETS, NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS TO CORRESPOND WITH THE WAY THE ITEMS ARE NUMBERED BELOW. 1. TITLE, SECTION, NUMBER AND PAGE NUMBER OF THE EXISTING SPECIFICATION.

2. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATION AND THE CHAPTER(S) OR SECTION(S) INTO WHICH IT SHOULD BE INCORPORATED.

3. REASON AND/OR EXPLANATION FOR THE MODIFICATION.

Figure 1.2.1-1 Revision Request Form


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CHECKLIST FOR COMMENTS COMMENTS

DIVISIONS

HIGHWAY

BRIDGE

OTHER

SHEETS MAY BE ATTACHED TO EXPLAIN WHY REQUEST WAS OR WAS NOT RECOMMENDED OR APPROVED.

RECOMMENDED NOT RECOMMENDED

DATE _______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ SIGNATURE

DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY/ CHIEF BRIDGE ENGINEER

APPROVED DISAPPROVED

DATE ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________ SIGNATURE

DEPUTY SECRETARY OF HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION/DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY

Figure 1.2.1-1 Revision Request Form (continued)