dna barcodes: linking genbank records to museum specimens david e. schindel, executive secretary,...
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DNA Barcodes:DNA Barcodes:Linking GenBank Linking GenBank
records to Museum records to Museum SpecimensSpecimens
David E. Schindel, Executive Secretary, David E. Schindel, Executive Secretary, CBOLCBOL
Robert Hanner, University of GuelphRobert Hanner, University of Guelph
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Washington Airport Gate Washington Airport Gate 33
Dulles, National, or Baltimore-Dulles, National, or Baltimore-Washington?Washington?
2 concourses at BWI concourse A or 2 concourses at BWI concourse A or B?B?
3 concourses at National3 concourses at National 4 Dulles concourses4 Dulles concourses
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The Controlled Vocabulary of Airport Codes
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Biodiversity Informatics:Biodiversity Informatics:What Connects the Parts?What Connects the Parts?
Journal Publication
Species Name
Specimen
??
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DNA Barcodes:DNA Barcodes:A Key Variable for Biodiversity A Key Variable for Biodiversity
InformaticsInformatics
Journal Publication
Species Name
Voucher Specimen
Barcode Sequence
Authority files of taxonomic
names
Museum databases of
associated dataDatabases of species
occurrences and distribution (OBIS)
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A DNA barcode is a A DNA barcode is a short gene sequence short gene sequence
taken from taken from standardized portions standardized portions
of the genome,of the genome, used to identify used to identify
speciesspecies
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The Mitochondrial Genome
Cyt bCyt b
D-Loop
ND5
H-strand
ND4
ND4LND3
COIII
COICOIL-strand
ND6
COI
ND2
ND1
COII
Small ribosomal RNA
Large ribosomal RNA
ATPase subunit 8
ATPase subunit 6
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• Promote barcoding as a global standard
• Build participation
• Working Groups
• BARCODE standard
• International Conferences
• Increase production of public BARCODE records
Projects, Networks, Organizations
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Uses of DNA BarcodesUses of DNA BarcodesResearch tool for improving species-level taxonomy:Research tool for improving species-level taxonomy: Associating all life history stages, gendersAssociating all life history stages, genders Testing species boundaries, finding new variantsTesting species boundaries, finding new variants
Applied tool for identifying regulated species:Applied tool for identifying regulated species:
Disease vectors, agricultural pests, invasivesDisease vectors, agricultural pests, invasives Environmental indicators, protected species Environmental indicators, protected species Using minimal samples, damaged specimens, gut Using minimal samples, damaged specimens, gut
contents, droppingscontents, droppings
““Triage” tool for flagging potential new species:Triage” tool for flagging potential new species: Undescribed and cryptic speciesUndescribed and cryptic species Taxonomic groups with few morphological Taxonomic groups with few morphological
featuresfeatures
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Adoption by RegulatorsAdoption by Regulators US Federal Aviation Administration – All BirdsUS Federal Aviation Administration – All Birds US Environmental Protection AgencyUS Environmental Protection Agency
$250K pilot test, water quality bioassessment$250K pilot test, water quality bioassessment US Food and Drug Administration US Food and Drug Administration
Reference barcodes for commercial fishReference barcodes for commercial fish FISH-BOL and fish regulatory agenciesFISH-BOL and fish regulatory agencies
CBOL workshop in Taipei, September 2007CBOL workshop in Taipei, September 2007 FAO International Plant Protection CommissionFAO International Plant Protection Commission
Proposal for Diagnostic Protocols for fruit flies Proposal for Diagnostic Protocols for fruit flies CITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOsCITES, National Agencies, Conservation NGOs
International Steering Committee, identifying pilot International Steering Committee, identifying pilot projectsprojects
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International Nucleotide International Nucleotide Sequence Database Sequence Database
CollaborationCollaboration
http://www.insdc.org/
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Direct Submission to Direct Submission to GenBankGenBank
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BOLD Data SystemBOLD Data System Developed/hosted by Univ. GuelphDeveloped/hosted by Univ. Guelph Workbench for assembling data Workbench for assembling data 300,000 records from 30,000 species300,000 records from 30,000 species Management and Analysis SystemManagement and Analysis System Identification system for matching Identification system for matching
unknowns to reference recordsunknowns to reference records Uploading to GenBankUploading to GenBank
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Barcode of Life Data Barcode of Life Data Systems Systems (BOLD)(BOLD)
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BARCODE Data BARCODE Data StandardsStandards
Consensus results of Front Royal Consensus results of Front Royal meetingmeeting GBIFGBIF ITIS ITIS GRIN GRIN NBIINBII Species2000 Species2000 IPNI IPNI ICZNICZN ZooRecord ZooRecord OBIS OBIS
Structured link to voucher specimenStructured link to voucher specimen Species name selected from authoritySpecies name selected from authority Trace files, primers, and quality scoresTrace files, primers, and quality scores Minimum sequence lengthMinimum sequence length
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Barcode Sequence
Voucher Specimen
Species Name
Specimen Metadata
Literature(link to content or
citation)
BARCODE Records in INSDC
Indices - Catalogue of Life - GBIF/ECAT
Nomenclators - Zoo Record - IPNI - NameBank
Publication links - New species
GeoreferenceHabitat
Character setsImages
BehaviorOther genes
Trace filesOther
DatabasesPhylogenetic
Pop’n GeneticsEcological
Primers
Databases - Provisional sp.
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Link from GenBank to Museums
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Linkout from GenBank to BOLD
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Linkout from GenBank to Taxonomy
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Barcode Sequence
Voucher Specimen
Species Name
Specimen Metadata
Literature(link to content or
citation)
BARCODE Records in INSDC
Indices - Catalogue of Life - GBIF/ECAT
Nomenclators - Zoo Record - IPNI - NameBank
Publication links - New species
GeoreferenceHabitat
Character setsImages
BehaviorOther genes
Trace filesOther
DatabasesPhylogenetic
Pop’n GeneticsEcological
Primers
Databases - Provisional sp.
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Structured Link to Structured Link to VouchersVouchers
Institutional Acronym
Collection Code
Catalog ID
: :
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Structured Link to Structured Link to VouchersVouchers
NHM LEP 123456: :
personal DHJanzen SRNP12345: :
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NCBI’s Biorepository ListNCBI’s Biorepository List
Compiled from literature sources, Compiled from literature sources, GenBank submissionsGenBank submissions
6,936 institutions6,936 institutions 1,177 institutions with non-unique 1,177 institutions with non-unique
acronymsacronyms 660 homonymous acronyms660 homonymous acronyms 514 shared by two institutions514 shared by two institutions 146 shared by three institutions146 shared by three institutions
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CBOL/GBIF/NCBI CBOL/GBIF/NCBI Registry of BiorepositoriesRegistry of Biorepositories
www.biorepositories.org
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www.biorepositories.orgwww.biorepositories.org
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Long-term data curationLong-term data curationof BARCODE recordsof BARCODE records
Data records assembled in
BOLD
IDs consistent with other records?
Compliant with BARCODE standards?
Data records released on
INSDC
Data records published in
BOLD
Community feedback
Update records
(audit trail of species names
retained)
CBOL control of BARCODE
flag
GenBank adds BARCODE flag