Đồ án 3 nộp thầy

n 3-Cng ngh sn xut ru vang Thanh Long

GVHD: TS.L Quang Tr

L do chn sn phm: Nhng nm gn y x hi ngy cng pht trin, thu nhp ca ngi dn tng ln th nhu cu v ru cc loi cng ang tng nhanh theo, c bit trong cc dp lin hoan l tt, ci hi. Ngoi ru trng rt nng, t l cn qu cao i vi ngi khng quen ung ru, trn th trng cn bn nhiu loi ru pha ch khng theo mt quy trnh cht ch. Do s dng nhng loi cn xu nhiu andehit, khng t cc loi ru ny hng v km, li c hi cho sc kho. Chnh v vy ru vang v vang tri cy ang rt c quan tm, tin dng. c bit l gii ph n thnh ph khi vo cc qun bar, h khng cn s dng cc loi nc tri cy hay ru mnh m nay h thch s dng loi ung c cn nh l cc loi ru vang v vang tri cy .N khng ch p ng c v mt nhu cu l thch nhng ung c cn m cn p ng c v mt sc kho v dinh dng. Ngoi ra, ngi gi cng ang bt u c s quan tm c bit n cc loi sn phm ru vang v vang tri cy c bit n nh l loi thc ung dinh dng, b kho ny. Ngy nay xu hng ung ru vang v ru vang tri cy ang tng ln trong cc ba n ca ngi Vit. y l thc ung khng ch thm ngon m cn b dng. Theo cc nh khoa hc trn th gii th ru vang tri cy khng ch b dng cho c th m cn em n cho c th cc cht chng cc gc oxy ha. Trong c th cc gc oxy ha l th phm chnh gy ra cc ri lon thoi ha y nhanh qu trnh lo ha c th, gy cc bnh ung th, bnh tim mchV vy, vic s dng ru vang tri cy c tc dng chng lo ha v phng chng bnh tt cao.

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Trong tri Thanh Long c cha nhiu thnh phn dinh dng rt c gi tr. Cc gi tr dinh dng nh protein, axit hu c, st, magi, canxi, vitamin C v vitamin B3 trong Thanh Long khi ln men chng c th chuyn bin nhng khng mt i . Chnh v vy vic ra i sn phm ru vang Thanh Long khng ch p ng nhu cu v thc ung b dng c ch cho sc kho (x hi cng pht trin th con ngi ngy cng i mt vi s nhim v nguy c bnh tt cao, v vy nhng sn phm c ch ngn nga lo ho ung th ngy cng c quan tm) m cn p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi v mt a dng ho sn phm, to ra sn phm mi c hng v c trng, gip ngi tiu dng d dng trong vic la chn sn phm. c bit vi ngun nguyn liu n nh di do v tng i r nc ta s gip ru vang Thanh Long c c gi thnh thp c kh nng cnh tranh vi cc loi ru vang khc, v rt ph hp vi ti tin ca nhng ngi c mc thu nhp trung bnh m mun s dng ru vang thng xuyn trong cc ba n. i tng m sn phm ny hng ti l nhng ngi bit quan tm n sc kho ca mnh, nhng ngi khng ung c ru nng cao rt thch hp cho ph n v ngi c tui. Sn phm cng rt thch hp cho vic dng lm qu biu trong nhng dp l, tt hay lm qu lu nim cho sn phm du lch ca Bnh Thun m tri Thanh Long c xem nh l c sn chnh ca vng.

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I.

Tng quan: 1. Nguyn liu sn xut: 1.1. Thanh long:

a) Ngun gc, c im thc vt: Cy thanh long c tn ting Anh l Pitahaya, hay cn li l Dragon fruit, thuc h xng rng, c ngun gc cc vng sa mc thuc Mehico v Colombia Thanh long l cy c ngun gc nhit i, chu hn gii nn c trng nhng vng nng. Mt s loi chu c nhit t 50-550C, nhng li khng chu c gi lnh. S pht trin ca cy cn c cng nh sng mnh, v th khi b che nng, thn cy s m yu v lu cho ra tri. Cy thanh long mc c trn nhiu loi t khc nhau nh t xm bc mu (Bnh Thun), t phn (TP HCM), t latosol (Long Khnh), v cng c kh nng thch ng vi cc chua ca cc loi t rt khc nhau. Kh nng chng chu mn ca thanh long rt km. Tri thanh long hnh bu dc, c nhiu tai l xanh do phin hoa cn li, u tri lm su to thnh hc mi. Tht tri c mi v thm du, ngt va phi, t cung cp calo. Mi tri c rt nhiu ht nh mu en nm trong khi tht tri mu trng. Do ht nh v mm nn khng lm phin ngi n nh mt s loi tri cy khc. Mc d cc ht b xu c n cng vi tht ca mt tri nhng chng cng khng b tiu ha. V thanh long chim t 5-7% khi lng tri. b) Cc ging thanh long c trng Vit Nam: Tri thanh long c phn bit qua s khc nhau ca rut v v tri. C th k n l cc loi: Hylocereus undatus thuc chi Hylocereus, rut trng vi v hng hay .

Hnh 1.5: Thanh long rut trng v hng

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- Hylocereus polyrhizus thuc chi Hylocereus, rut hay hng vi v hng hay .

Hnh 1.6: Thanh long rut v hng - Selenicereus thuc chi Selenicereus, rut trng vi v vng. Hnh 1.7: Thanh long rut trng v vng

Ging thanh long trng ch yu ti Vit Nam l loi rut trng v , ni ting nht vi dng thanh long Bnh Thun v Ch Go (Tin Giang). Nm 1994, Vin nghin cu Cy n Tri Min Nam nhp t Colombia ging thanh long rut . Ngoi cc ging trn, vin nghin cu cy n tri Min Nam cn du nhp su ging thanh long t i Loan l A1, B1, VN, C1A15, C1A6, rut v c trng kho st ti vn tp on Vin nghin cu Cy n Tri Min Nam. Thanh Long Bnh Thun : Thanh long Bnh Thun c cnh pht trin mnh, to v di, tri c dng hi trn, khi lng 300-500 g/tri, v mng, dy v 2-2,5cm, gai n to, v c mu p, t l tht tri chim 68-72% so vi khi lng ton tri. Tht chc, gin, v ngt thanh. Ht nh, khi lng 1000 ht l 1,1-1,2g. Hm lng cht kh 13-14%, pH dch p 4,8-5,0. Sn lng thanh long Bnh Thun t khong 200.000 tn/nm, xut khu t hn 27.500 tn nm 2006 tng ln gn 30.000 tn nm 2008. Thanh long Bnh Thun ngoi loi v , hin nay c loi v xanh dnh cho nhu cu xut khu. Thanh long Ch Go : Nhm 20-Lp TP01+02 Page 4


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So vi thanh long Bnh Thun, thanh long Ch Go v mng, tri nng 300450g v c hng v khc hn mt t. Ngi trng thanh long vng Ch Go t dng tr sn , m thay vo cho thanh long eo ln thn cy vng nhm to ra s khc bit v hng v. Sn lng thanh long Ch Go hng nm t t 40.00050.000 tn/nm So snh cht lng gia hai loi thanh long, v mt cm quan th thanh long Bnh Thun p hn, v dy hn nn thi gian bo qun v gi mu sc ko di hn, thun li trong vn chuyn n ni tiu th. V ch tiu ha hc, thanh long Bnh Thun c hm lng protein, vitamin C, Ca, P, Mg, Na cao hn thanh long Ch Go nhng m hm lng glucose, fructose thp hn. C hai dng Bnh Thun v Ch Go u tr hoa theo ma, t thng 5 n thng 10 dng lch, ra hoa cng thi im vi nhau v t l u tri trn hoa n l 100%. Thanh long rut : Thanh long rut cng tr thnh thng phm, tri c mu hng, gai cng thng, rut , ht en. ngt v hm lng vitamin C u cao hn thanh long Bnh Thun v thanh long Ch Go. Khi lng trung bnh khong 300-400 g/tri. Ln nht t 800 g/tri. Hin ang c trng H Ty, Qung Ninh. a) Vng nguyn liu: Thanh long c ngi Php em vo trng Vit Nam trn 100 nm nay, nhng mi c a ln thnh hng ha t thp nin 1980. Vit Nam l nc xut khu thanh long ln nht th gii, c cc vng sn xut thanh long ln l Bnh Thun, Long An, Tin Giang. Vng sn xut Bnh Thun

Bnh Thun l trung tm thanh long ca c nc vi 7500ha, sn lng 140 ngn tn, t gi tr xut khu trn 10 triu USD. iu kin thi tit ti Bnh Thun hu nh nng nht trong c nc, c trng cho kh hu nhit i, kh nng, nhit cao ph hp cho vic canh tc cy thanh long. Cy thanh long c trng ch yu trn vng t xm v t ct pha, tp trung huyn Hm Thun Nam, Hm Thun Bc, thnh ph Phan Thit, Bc Bnh, Hm Tn v Tuy Phong. Vng sn xut thanh long Tin Giang

Tin Giang thanh long c trng nhiu nht x Qun Long, ng Hng Phc, Ch GoHin nay tnh c 2000 ha thanh long trong Ch Go chim hn phn na. iu kin kh hu, th nhng Ch Go cho cht lng tri thanh long khng km g Bnh Thun. Nhm 20-Lp TP01+02 Page 5


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Vng sn xut Long An

Ni ting nht v trng thanh long Long An l huyn Chu Thnh. Gn y nhn thy tim nng cy n qu ny, cc nh vn Chu Thnh chuyn t trng thn cy khc lm ch cho thanh long bm sang trng ging thanh long mi bm trn ct b tng. a) Thnh phn ha hc v dinh dng ca thanh long Bng 1.5: Thnh phn ho hc ca thanh long. Thnh phn Nc Protein Glucose Fructose Sorbitol Carbohydrate Cht x Tro Nng lng (Kcal) g/100gr tht tri 85.3 1.1 0.57 3.2 32.7 11.2 1.34 0.56 67.7 Thnh phn Vitamin C Niacin Vitamin A Calcium St Magnesium Phospho Kali Natri Mg/100gr tht tri 3 2.8 0.0111 10.2 6.07 38.9 27.5 27.2 2.9

Gi tr dinh dng ca thanh long: Qu thanh long khng ch n ngon, mt b m cn c tc dng lm p da. Theo y hc c truyn th thanh long rut gip c th khe mnh, gim huyt p, gim bo ph, nhun trng v gii nhit. Colombia c ging thanh long qu vng c cht captin dng lm thuc tr tim. Hoa thanh long khi kt tri bng ngn chn ci c th ct xo tht, nu canh nh mt loi rau sch. n hoa thanh long tt cho tiu ha (nhun trng), cha cao huyt p, an thn. Thanh long l mt trong nhng loi tri cy c thnh phn dinh dng ph hp nht cho vic gi gn dng vc v sc p ca ngi ph n. Mi 100g thanh long ch cung cp 40kcal v trong thanh long thnh phn nc chim n 85,3%. Hm lng nc cao ny gip gi m cho ln da, gip da mn mng hn, gim bt hin tng da kh nt, sng ha v lo ha, gi cho ln da c v p tr trung ti mt.

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Thnh phn cht x cha trong tri thanh long cng rt cao so vi cc loi tri cy khc, bao gm c 2 loi cht x khng ha tan (cellulose) v cht x ha tan (pectin) gip iu ha hot ng ca h tiu ha, lm gim cc cht nguy him i vi c th nh: cc cht bo, cholesterol, cc c cht... lm gim nguy c b mn, nht trn da. Thnh phn ca thanh long hon ton khng cha cht bo, cng vi mc nng lng thp v giu cht x gip gi gn c th trnh khi hin tng bo ph, k th nguy him nht cho sc p v sc khe ca ph n. Mc d nng lng thp do nc v cht x chim t l cao trong thnh phn, tri thanh long li cha y cc cht dinh dng vi lng cn thit cho c th bao gm nhiu loi vitamin v khong cht. Cc loi vi cht dinh dng ny c vai tr trong vic chuyn ha cc cht trong c th, cn bng hot ng ca c th, lm gim s sn sinh v tc hi ca mt s cht oxy ha, nhng tc nhn gy nn s gi nua ca t bo, sm v d thy nht l t bo da. y l mt loi tri cy thng dng, c mt khp ni. Tri thanh long c th c ch bin thnh nhiu mn n a dng nh: sinh t, lm cocktail, lm rau cu tri cy ngoi vic dng ti nh nhng loi tri cy khc. Trong tit h nng bc, kht nc, n mt tri thanh long mt lnh khng nhng lm cho chng ta c cm gic mt m, sng khoi v c gii kht, m chng ta cn ang lm p cho ln da ca mnh mt cch n gin, th v, kinh t v nht l mang tnh nn tng hn hn so vi vic s dng cc loi m phm t tin. a) Cc tiu chun ca thanh long Phn loi ti nh vn theo yu cu ca nh thu mua. Tuy nhin tiu chun sau y c Phn Vin Cng Ngh sau thu hoch nghin cu, son tho v ngh c quan c chc nng cho ban hnh phc v cho xut khu thanh long. Loi 1: Loi cao cp (t tiu chun xut khu) - Trng lng tri trn 300g. - Tri khng b vt ca nm hay cn trng gy hi. - Tri sch, dng hnh p, v c mu u trn 70% din tch tri v lng. Khoang mi khng su qu 1cm v tri khng c mi no li ln. - Tai thng, cng, xanh v di trn 1,5cm. - Tht tri c mu trng v cng, ht mu en. - Tri khng c vt tn thng c gii hay ch b thm v khng c m xanh hay vt chy do nng hay do phun thuc ha hc. Loi 2: Loi th cp (t tiu chun tiu th trong nc v ti mt s th trng nht nh). - Trng lng tri t 300g. Nhm 20-Lp TP01+02 Page 7


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- Tri c ti a 3 vt nh do cn trng gy hi nhng khng c vt b nm. - Tri sch, dng hnh p, v c mu u trn tri t nht 70% din tch tri. - Khoang mi khng su qu 1,5 cm. - Tai cng v xanh ti thiu cn 2/3 chiu di tai. - Tht tri c mu trng v cng, ht mu en. - Tri khng c vt tn thng c gii hay ch b thm v khng c m mu xanh hay vt chy do nng hay do phun thuc ho hc. Loi 3: Khng t tiu chun i vi cc loi 1 v 21.1. ng:

Dch chit t nguyn liu thng khng nng ng cho ln men. ng saccarose c b sung vo dch ln men, va l cht dinh dng cho nm men pht trin, va l c cht chnh cho vic chuyn ho thnh cn.

Hnh : ng saccarose Bng 1.6: Ch tiu ng Ch tiu Hm lng saccarose m Hm lng ng kh Hm lng tro ng RE >99,65%

Đồ án 3 nộp thầy

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