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Do Now: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of because we are covered by 71% of water. water.

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Page 1: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Do Now:Do Now:

1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth?1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth?

2) Which layer is most dense?2) Which layer is most dense?

3) We are known as the _____ planet 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of because we are covered by 71% of water.water.

Page 2: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Measuring the EarthMeasuring the Earth

Aim: Is Earth really a Aim: Is Earth really a perfectperfect sphere? sphere?

Page 3: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

How do we know that Earth is How do we know that Earth is spherical?spherical?

Page 4: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

1. Satellite 1. Satellite images –images – we can now we can now take photos of take photos of Earth from Earth from space, seeing space, seeing its true shape.its true shape.

Picture from the Apollo Mission

Page 5: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

2. Sailing Ships - Watching 2. Sailing Ships - Watching ships “disappear” over the ships “disappear” over the horizonhorizon

Cont’dCont’d

Page 6: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Cont’dCont’d

3. 3. Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse• Earth casts a slightly rounded shadow on Earth casts a slightly rounded shadow on

the Moonthe Moon

Page 7: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

4. Polaris – (the North Star)4. Polaris – (the North Star)

• As you move along the same line of latitude, As you move along the same line of latitude, Polaris’ altitude stays the same, but as you Polaris’ altitude stays the same, but as you move along a line of longitude, Polaris’ move along a line of longitude, Polaris’ altitude changesaltitude changes

*Polaris’ altitude = your Northern *Polaris’ altitude = your Northern latitudelatitude

Page 8: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

PolarisPolaris

Page 9: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Ursa Major and Ursa MinorUrsa Major and Ursa Minor

Page 10: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Finding Locations Using PolarisFinding Locations Using Polaris

SextantSextant - instrument for measuring the - instrument for measuring the altitude of the sun or another celestial altitude of the sun or another celestial bodybody• Parts Includes:Parts Includes:

Telescope - locating the North Star Telescope - locating the North Star Protractor - finding the altitude (= Protractor - finding the altitude (=

latitude)latitude) Measurements can then be used to Measurements can then be used to

determine the observer's geographical determine the observer's geographical positionposition

Page 11: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

SextantSextant

Page 12: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Is Earth a PERFECT Is Earth a PERFECT sphere?sphere?

Page 13: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

What shape is the Earth?What shape is the Earth?

Earth is considered to be an Earth is considered to be an Oblate Spheroid.Oblate Spheroid.

This means that Earth is This means that Earth is slightly flattened at the poles slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the and slightly bulging at the equator.equator.

• Because of the rotation – matter Because of the rotation – matter “ “bunches” in the middlebunches” in the middle

Page 14: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

How big is Earth?How big is Earth?

Polar Diameter = Polar Diameter = 12,714 km12,714 km

Equatorial Diameter = Equatorial Diameter = 12,756 km12,756 km

Page 15: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

The Earth is only slightly oblate, so The Earth is only slightly oblate, so it appears to be spherical!it appears to be spherical!

Page 16: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

How does this affect gravity?How does this affect gravity?

5. Gravity Measures –5. Gravity Measures –

the closer to Earth’s core (center), the the closer to Earth’s core (center), the more gravitational pull, the more an more gravitational pull, the more an object weighs.object weighs.

Page 17: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Weight and GravityWeight and Gravity

• Equator - the Earth's Equator - the Earth's diameter is greatest; diameter is greatest; objects weigh a little less.objects weigh a little less.

• Poles - the Earth's Poles - the Earth's

diameter is the least, diameter is the least, objects weight a little objects weight a little more. more.

Page 18: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

Closure Questions:Closure Questions:

1)1) The Earth’s shape most closely The Earth’s shape most closely resembles which of the following resembles which of the following objects?objects?

(a) a football(a) a football (c) a ping-pong ball(c) a ping-pong ball

(b) a pear(b) a pear (d) an apple(d) an apple

Page 19: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

2) The true shape of the Earth is best 2) The true shape of the Earth is best described as a:described as a:

(a) perfect sphere(a) perfect sphere

(b) slightly oblate sphere(b) slightly oblate sphere

(c) perfect ellipse(c) perfect ellipse

(d) highly eccentric ellipse(d) highly eccentric ellipse

Page 20: Do Now: 1) What are the 3 spheres of Earth? 2) Which layer is most dense? 3) We are known as the _____ planet because we are covered by 71% of water

3) An observer watching a sailing ship 3) An observer watching a sailing ship notes that it appears to be “sinking” as it notes that it appears to be “sinking” as it moves away. This observation proved moves away. This observation proved that:that:

(a) the surface of the ocean has (a) the surface of the ocean has depressionsdepressions

(b) the earth is rotating(b) the earth is rotating

(c) the earth is revolving(c) the earth is revolving

(d) the earth has a curved surface(d) the earth has a curved surface


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