Do Now: In your Comp. Notebooks

Number your paper 1 – 5

Answer the following questions…Choose the BEST answer available

Question 1What effect did the Homestead Act of 1862 have

on the United States? a. It created reservations for Indian tribes, emptying

the Plains for American settlers

b. It set aside land for public universities to be built, encouraging higher education in the U.S.

c. It forced factories to upgrade their safety standards and add fire escapes to their buildings

d. It brought waves of people west with the lure of free land to settle in the Great Plains

Question 2Why did most Exodusters migrate West?

a. to escape racial violence in the South

b. to prospect for gold and silver

c. to find relatives who fled during the Civil War

d. to work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms

Question 3The Morrill Land Grant Act aided in the

development of federal lands by ______________.a. Dividing reservation land into 160 acre plots for

Native American families

b. Promoting the building of railroads on government property

c. Setting aside land for states to build public universities

d. Encouraging a “land rush” in Oklahoma speculators

Question 4Many Chinese immigrants in the late 1800s

came to the United States on five year labor contracts for what purpose

a. To farm lands in the Great Plains

b. To take jobs in the steel mills

c. To work on the railroads

d. To fight against the Native American tribes

Question 5 (take a guess!)Which of the following is a reason that caused

the cattle boom to end in the mid-1880s?a. Too few Americans ate beef.

b. Farmers were using barbed wire to fence in the open range.

c. Cattle prices had risen too high for many buyers.

d. The supply of Texas longhorn cattle had run out.

Question 1What effect did the Homestead Act of 1862 have

on the United States? a. It created reservations for Indian tribes, emptying

the Plains for American settlers

b. It set aside land for public universities to be built, encouraging higher education in the U.S.

c. It forced factories to upgrade their safety standards and add fire escapes to their buildings

d. It brought waves of people west with the lure of free land to settle in the Great Plains

Question 1What effect did the Homestead Act of 1862 have

on the United States? a. It created reservations for Indian tribes, emptying

the Plains for American settlers

b. It set aside land for public universities to be built, encouraging higher education in the U.S.

c. It forced factories to upgrade their safety standards and add fire escapes to their buildings

d. It brought waves of people west with the lure of free land to settle in the Great Plains

Question 2Why did most Exodusters migrate West?

a. to escape racial violence in the South

b. to prospect for gold and silver

c. to find relatives who fled during the Civil War

d. to work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms

Question 2Why did most Exodusters migrate West?

a. to escape racial violence in the South

b. to prospect for gold and silver

c. to find relatives who fled during the Civil War

d. to work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms

Question 3The Morrill Land Grant Act aided in the

development of federal lands by ______________.a. Dividing reservation land into 160 acre plots for

Native American families

b. Promoting the building of railroads on government property

c. Setting aside land for states to build public universities

d. Encouraging a “land rush” in Oklahoma speculators

Question 3The Morrill Land Grant Act aided in the

development of federal lands by ______________.a. Dividing reservation land into 160 acre plots for

Native American families

b. Promoting the building of railroads on government property

c. Setting aside land for states to build public universities

d. Encouraging a “land rush” in Oklahoma speculators

Question 4Many Chinese immigrants in the late 1800s

came to the United States on five year labor contracts for what purpose

a. To farm lands in the Great Plains

b. To take jobs in the steel mills

c. To work on the railroads

d. To fight against the Native American tribes

Question 4Many Chinese immigrants in the late 1800s

came to the United States on five year labor contracts for what purpose

a. To farm lands in the Great Plains

b. To take jobs in the steel mills

c. To work on the railroads

d. To fight against the Native American tribes

Question 5 (take a guess!)Which of the following is a reason that caused

the cattle boom to end in the mid-1880s?a. Too few Americans ate beef.

b. Farmers were using barbed wire to fence in the open range.

c. Cattle prices had risen too high for many buyers.

d. The supply of Texas longhorn cattle had run out.

Question 5 (take a guess!)Which of the following is a reason that caused

the cattle boom to end in the mid-1880s?a. Too few Americans ate beef.

b. Farmers were using barbed wire to fence in the open range.

c. Cattle prices had risen too high for many buyers.

d. The supply of Texas longhorn cattle had run out.

“Clashes on the Prairie”

What do you expect to happen as more and more settlers move to the West?

Native Americans in WestAs a whole, the Native Americans already living

in the West want 2 simple thingsLandProtection as a “nation”

Most Native Americans were concentrated in the West now after the U.S. government had forced them thereIndian Removal Act under President Andrew

Jackson

Role of BisonNative Americans on the

Plains hunted, farmed, and traded in traditional ways.

Plains people relied on the buffalo for a variety of survival needs

Buffalo provides many basic needs: hides used for teepees,

clothes, blankets, meat.

(Hide - Buckskin)moccasin topscradleswinter robesbeddingbreechcloutsshirtsleggingslance coversbeltsdressespipe bagspouchespaint bagspouchesdollscoup flag coversquiverstipi coversgun cases

(Hair)headdressessaddle pad fillerpillowsropeornamentshaltersmedicine balls

(Tail)medicine switchfly brushlodge exteriordecorationswhips

(Hoof & Feet)gluerattles

(Horns)cupsfire carrierspowder hornspoonsladlesheaddressessignalstoys

(Meat)(every part eaten)pemmican (converted)hump ribs-immediatelyjerky (converted)

(Skin Of Hind Leg)moccasins or boots

(Rawhide)containersclothingheaddressfoodmedicine bagsshieldsbucketsmoccasin solesrattlesdrumsdrumstickssplintscinchesropesbeltsbullets pouchessaddleshorse maskslance casesarmbandsquirtsbull boatsknife casesstirrupsthongshorse ornament

Decline of the Bison

Rath & Wright's buffalo hide yard, showing 40,000 buffalo hides baled for shipment. Dodge City, Kansas, 1878.

Differing WorldviewsNative Americans: land cannot be owned

Settlers: want to own land; land ownership is central to American identity & Manifest Destiny

Settlers think natives forfeited land because they did not “improve it” By this they mean, they did not build things or create

large farms In reality, most Plains Indians were mobile people

Follow the bison herds

Since consider land unsettled, migrants go west to claim it

Indian Wars1864 – 1890’s

What are they?A series of wars and battles to take lands and

exterminate the Native American cultures throughout the United States

Famous Battles

1. Bear Paw Mountain

2. Sand Creek Massacre

3. Little Big Horn

4. Wounded Knee

Bear Paw MountainChief Joseph, of the Nez Perce, led

750 tribe members on a 1400 mile trek trying to get to safe haven in Canada

Pursued by American soldiers that finally surrounded Chief Joseph 30 miles from the Canadian border at Bear Mountain

Nez Perce fought but eventually surrendered

This 1400 mile trek is considered one of the most brilliant in American history

Chief Joseph“I am tired of fighting.... Hear me, my chiefs. I

am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I shall fight no more forever."

-Chief Joseph, 1877

Sand Creek MassacreThe 1st of the Indian

massacres

Chief Black Kettle flew the white flag but General Chivington ordered his troops to fire anyway

Indians fought with hardly any weapons mostly running away only to be chased down and shot

200-400 Cheyenne murdered and mutilated mostly older men, women and children

Famous Chiefs & WarriorsSitting Bull

Lakota Tribe

Chief & Medicine Man

Killed by his own Lakota men; working for the Americans as police officers.

Leader of the Sioux at CUSTER’S LAST STAND

Wanted to be known as the last Native American leader to surrender

Crazy Horse

Lakota Tribe

Leader in the battle of Rosebud Creek successfully turned back U.S. troops which were on their way to help General Custer

Joined Sitting Bull at Little Big Horn

Died after being ran through with a bayonet, trying to return to his sick wife

Famous Chiefs & WarriorsSitting Bull Crazy Horse

History of Presidential Actions

President Andre JacksonIndian Removal Act

President Ulysses S. GrantForces Native

Americans into Reservation System

President Grover ClevelandPasses Dawes Act

Dawes Act 1887Attempt to ASSIMILATE the Native

Americans into white cultureDivide the Indian Reservations into 160 acre plots

distributed to Indian heads of familiesIndian families would learn to farm and become

part of the agricultural economyForced education of Indian children in off-

reservation boarding schoolsSuppression of Native religions, languages, and

cultural practices.

This failed for many reasonsResistance from Native AmericansPoor land for farming on reservationsNot used to farming methods

AssimilationIntegrate into culture and ideas of society

For Native Americans this was forced

Battle of Little BighornCommonly known as “Custer’s Last Stand”

THE ONLY NATIVE AMERICAN VICTORY!!!

General Custer advanced his troops too quickly

Crazy Horse’s success against General Crook at Rosebud Creek delay Crook’s arrival

General Custer split his troops into three fronts

His troops were pushed back and surrounded by 1000’s of Lakota

Custer and all 210 of his troops were killed

Battle of Wounded Knee (Massacre)

The last battle/ massacre of Indian wars

Estimated that 350 Native American were killed at Wounded Knee, 29 American soldiers mostly by friendly fire

Soldiers were order to take weapons from the Native Americans. No one knows for but historians think…Hotchkiss gun used on the Lakota could fire 200

rounds/minute

Many stories about what happened after the firing startedAmerican soldiers killing anyone in sight, mutilating the

bodies of the wounded, and killing those that surrendered