doc personaleffectivenesschapter8 081223

7/30/2019 Doc PersonalEffectivenessChapter8 081223

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Psychology of PersonalEffectivenessChapter 8from Essential Elements forEffectiveness, 4th Edition


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Manage Yourself in Time

Effective individuals:

Are very productive

Complete tasks in a timely mannerAre well organized

Juggle multiple responsibilities

See the big picture while focusing on the

specific details of getting something done


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Eight Strategies for Success

Focus First on High Priority Items

Pareto principle/(80/20)rule 80% of the

benefits come from doing 20% of the work.

Figure out the most important and beneficial 20%

This facilitates the remaining 80%

Covey suggests a continuum of low to high

importance based on your life goals asdefine by your personal mission statement.

Scott suggests concentric circles


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Marginal tasks

Secondary matters

Central concerns


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Group Related Tasks & Do ThemTogether

Able to perform the tasks faster

Get Organized

Make To Do ListsCheck off items in progress and scratch off when

completed Create a realistic schedule

Get rid of unnecessary papers

Break it into do-able chunks


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Develop and Use Timetables Set up deadlines

Focus on One Thing at a Time

Dont do two (or more) things that requireconcentration at once Ex: talking on the phone and studying for a test

Finish It Fully

Unfinished work can feel frustrating Allows for better concentration on the next task

Do It When You Think of It (when possible) Cuts down on forgetting and inefficiency


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Common Time-Wasters & Antidotes

Slow Decision-making

Select from options that meet your goals

Compare & contrast them

Worrying

Set aside time in your schedule to worry

Attempting to do things perfectly Leads to failure, frustration, &

procrastination

Just focus on doing things well


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Working Against Your Body Rhythms

Consider what time of the day you have the

most energy and are the most alert

Morning person or Night owl?

Schedule difficult tasks at this time

Failing to Recharge Your Batteries

Work hard, play hard, and relax hard

Power naps & Mental health days


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Feeling That You Are Responsible forEverything Delegate to others

Say NO to items that are low priority to you

Getting Stuck Waiting Bring portable work to do

Read a book, work on a laptop, balance the checkbook

Starting Your Day Off on the Wrong Foot Sets the tone for the rest of your day

If its bad, it takes a lot of energy to put it behind you.

De-stress & streamline your mornings What can be done the night before?

Wake up 10 15 minutes earlier for wiggle room


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Four Generations of Time Management

Evolved from the demands of modern life

1st notes and checklists

2nd appointment books and planners

3rd prioritization, goal-setting

These become the most important things.

People get bogged down just focusing on the

goal/schedule. 4th effectiveness rather than efficiency

Organize your schedule around your priorities

instead of prioritizing your schedule


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Urgency vs. Importance

Quadrant I Urgent & Important Quadrant II Non-Urgent &

Important

Crises

Pressing problems

Projects with deadlinesSome meetings

Some preparations

Proactive activities

Long-range planning

NetworkingRelationship building

Prevention/Maintenance

Quadrant III Urgent but Not

Important

Quadrant IV Not Urgent or

Important

Interruptions

Some phone calls

Some meetings

Some reports/some mail

Many pressing matters

Busywork, trivia

Some phone calls

Some mail/junk mail

Pleasant activities


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Urgency vs. Importance

Most people spend the majority of their

time doing Q3 activities

Key is to being more effective is to spendthat time on Q2 activities

In turn, this helps shrink Q1 activities.


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Procrastination

Never do anything today that you can put off

until tomorrow.

Lowers anxiety related to a task in the short

run (an escape) but increases it in the long run Studying for an upcoming test

Often caused by poor frustration tolerance and

an inability to defer gratification (self control) the present discomfort is too much to bear

Need to learn to wait for our rewards


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Procrastination

A lot of people put off tasks until they

feel like doing them.

Problem is they could wait forever!

If you change your attitude about the task,

your behavior towards it will follow suit.

Procrastination Questionnaire on pg.173


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Six Steps to Overcome Procrastination

Bit and Pieces Approach Break down tasks into doable chunks

Use an implementation plan Tells you when, where, and how to start

Getting Organized Make To Do Lists, Create a Schedule, & Do it when

You Think of It

Modify Your Work Environment

Remove distractions, unnecessary papers, or objects Block Off escape routes

Turn off the phones ringer, silence the cell phone, closethe door, turn off the TV, gather all the materials youllneed


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Five Minute Method

Give yourself 5 minutes to work on a task

you have been procrastinating

After 5 minutes, you can stop or you can ask

yourself if youre willing to invest 5 more minutes.

Be honest with yourself!

Dont Wait for Inspiration Genius is 1% inspiration & 99%

perspiration. Thomas Edison



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Reward Yourself

Procrastination persists because of the immediate

reward of relief for task avoidance.

Premack principle an enjoyable activity can beused as a reward for completion of a dreaded task.

Ex: if you write the paper, you can go see a movie.

Profit-Penalty System use rewards and

punishments together Ex: Write the paper, go to a movie. Dont write it, then you

clean the garage.

View Mistakes as Feedback



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The Effective Student

Improving Memory Retention Pay attention.

Learn the material very well.

Organize the material.

Use rehearsal.

Minimize route memorization. Write it down.

Use memory aides (mnemonics, acronyms).

Reduce interference & distractions. Retroactive interference new learning interrupts old learning

Ex: You are learning French, and you forget Spanish.

Proactive interference old learning interrupts new learning Ex: You are learning French, but you confuse Spanish words for French words.

Sleep on it.

Distribute learning sessions.

Exercise.

Test yourself.

Be aware of the influence of learning contexts.


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The Effective Study Method SQ3R

Survey look over the chapter and what it covers

Question skim the chapter and write down

questions that come to mind Read carefully read the chapter and find answers

to your questions

Recite write, in your own words, what you learned

Pretend that youre explaining the material to a friend

Review go over the material carefully, answering

end of chapter questions and making sure you know

all the key word definitions


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The Art of Taking Tests

Measuring Test Anxiety

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Test Anxiety Questionnaire on pg.183 Practice Active relaxation

Use cognitive restructuring

Visualize success

Testwiseness Learning strategies for guessing the right answer

Use your time wisely

Recognize cues within the test that point to the correct

answer


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Earlier or later questions can reveal the answerto a question.

Choices that are implausible or improbable can

be eliminated. Two similar choices can be eliminated.

Correct answers are more detailed, longer, andspecific.

Be ware of inclusive words like always, never,every, etc.

Grammatical inconsistencies in the choices

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