document resume ed 094 190 ce 001 711 mcfarland, barry p...
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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 094 190 CE 001 711
AUTHOR McFarland, Barry P.TITLE Job Analysis of the Medical Service Career Field.
Interim Report. August 1, 1972-June 1, 19V3.INSTITUTION Air Force Human Resources Lab., Lackland AFB, Tex.
Occupational Research Div.REPORT NO AFEVL-TR-73-36PUB DATE Jan 74.NOTE 18p.; Pages 10 and 14 are marginally legible
EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGEDESCRIPTORS Cluster Analysis; *Health Personnel; Health Services;
*Job Analysis; Job Skills; Medical Services;*Military Personnel; Nursing; Occupational Clusters;Occupational Information; *Occupational Surveys;Statistical Data; *Task Analysis
IDENTIFIERS Air Force; *Medical Corpsman
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to complete a job
analysis of the Air Force's Medical Service Career Field. This is thefirst in a series of reports designed to compare and makerecommendations concerning the role of the Nurse and Medical Corpsmanin the Air Force's health care delivery system. A sample of 1,996airmen in the Medical Service Career Field was used for the analysis.The data were analyzed by use of the Comprehensive Occupational DataAnalysis Programs (CODAP). Meaningful job types were identified, andrecommendations for changing the structure of the Medical ServiceCareer Ladder were made based on the occupational analysis. (Includedare diagrams of major clusters and job types and two appendixes ofstatistics on task performance and task differences.) (Author/BP)
AIR FORCE Thl
H
U
MAN
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CE
S LABORATORY
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
AFHR TR-73.36
JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD
By
Barry P. McFarland, 1st Lt, USAF
OCCUPATIONAL RESEARCH DIVISIONLack land Air Force Base, Texas 78236
January 1974
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION 8 WELFARENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODLICED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSSTATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
0O
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMANDBROOKS AIR FORCE BASE,TEXAS 78235
NOTICE
When US Government drawings, specifications. or other data are usedfor any purpose other than a definitely related Governmentprocurement operation, the Government thereby incurs noresponsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that theGovernment may have formulated, furnished, or in any way suppliedthe said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded byimplication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or anyother person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission tomanufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any waybe related thereto.
This interim report was submitted by Occupational Research Division,Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Lack land Air Force Base,Texas 78236, under project 7734, with the Hq, Air Force HumanResources Laboratory (AFSC), Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235.
This report has been reviewed and cleared for open publication and/orpublic release by the appropriate Office of Information (01) inaccordance with AFR 190-17 and DoDD 5230.9. There is no objectionto unlimited distribution of this report to the public at large, or byDDC to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
This technical report has been reviewed and approved.
RAYMOND E. CHRISTAL, ChiefOccupational Research Division
Approved for publication.
HAROLD E. FISCHER, Colonel, USAFCo mmander
UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEREAD INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM1. REPORT NUMBER
AFHRL-TR-73.36
2. GOVT ACCESSION NO, 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
4. TITLE (and Subtitle)
JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD
5. TYPE OF REPORT 8 PERIOD COVERED
Interim 1 Aug 72 - 1 Jun 73
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHOR(a)
Barry P. McFarland, 1st Lt, USAF
8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESSOccupational Research DivisionAir Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFSC)Lackland AFB, Texas 78236
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA 8 WORK UNIT NUMBERS
77340115
II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
Hq Air Force Human Resources LaboratoryBrooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235
12. REPORT DATE
January 197413. NUMBER OF PAGES
18
14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of thin report)
Unclassified
I5a. DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, if different from Report)
18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This research was carried out under Project 7734, Development of Methods for Describing, Evaluating andStructuring Air Force Occupations; Task 773401, Development of Methods for Collecting, Analyzing and ReportingInformation Describing Air Force Specialties.(Continued on reverse side)
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)
cluster analysis Medical Service Career FieldCODAP occupational analysishierarchical groupingjob typesmedical personnel
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side If necessary and Identify by block number)
The purpose of this study was to complete a job analysis of the Air Force's Medical service Career Field. This isthe first in a series of reports designed to compare and make recommendations concerning the role of the Nurse andMedical Corpsman in the Air Force's health care delivery system. A sample of 1,996 airmen in the Medical ServiceCareer Field (AFSC 902X0, 90292) was used for the analysis. The data were analyzed by use of the ComprehensiveOccupational Data Analysis Programs (CODAP). Meaningful job types were identified and recommendations forchanging the structure of the Medical Service Career Ladder were made based on the occupational analysis.
DDFORM
1473 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETEI JAN 73 UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEOMen Data Entered)
18. Supplementary Notes (continued)The job inventory for the Medical Service Career Field was constnicted and administered by Lifson, Wilson,
Ferguson, and Winick, Inc., under contract F41609-70-C.0043 monitored by the Air Force Human ResourcesLaboratory's Occupational Research Division (7734-01-12).
Consolidated descriptions of job type groups, together with other pertinent printout data, are available toqualified requesters on a loan basis from the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory's Occupational ResearchDivision/PEOA, Lackland AFB, Texas 78236.
UnclassifiedSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 'THIS PAGE(When Dora Entered)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction
Definition of Utilization FieldDefinition of Occupational AnalysisThe Job Inventory
II. Identification of Job Types
III. Results
Emergency Services - OutpatientWard Services Cluster - InpatientOB Ward-Inpatient - GRP 64Administrative Services ClusterAir Evacuation - GRP 151Other Patient Services - GRP 21Central Sterile Supply - GRP 13
GRP 123GRP 268
Inpatient GRP 55
IV. Discussion
References
Appendix A. Primary Tasks Performed by Major Clusters
Appendix B. Task Difference Description Between Groups 132 and 268
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
Page
3
333
4
4
45
5
6667
7
11
13
15
Page1 Diagram of Major Clusters and Job Types 9
LIST OF TABLES
Table, Page1 "'Distribution of Sample Across Major Air Commands 8
2 Distribution of Duty AFSC's For Total Sample 8
3 Grade Distribution of Total Sample 8
4 Task Description for GRP 1-Total Sample 10
5 Descriptive Task Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters 11
6 Descriptive Background Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters 11
1
JOB ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE CAREER FIELD
I. INTRODUCTION
This study is part of a comprehensiveexperimental program developed in cooperationwith the Nursing Resources Study Group ap-pointed by the Air Force Surgeon General. TheNursing Reiources Study Group was interested inthe survey as a source of quantitative, AirForce-wide information on Air Force nurse andmedical service specialties for use in determiningcurrent and future Air Force nurse requirements.This report is the first of a series of reportsdesigned to analyze the commonality of tasksperformed by Air Force nursing and medicalservice personnel. The purpose of this report wasto describe the occupational analysis of a sampleof 1,996 airmen in the medical Service CareerField and to place their jobs into meaningful jobtypes. Reports describing the job analysis ofnursing personnel are currently in various stages ofcompletion. The final report of this series willconsist of a comprehensive comparison of tasksperformed by Air Force nursing and medicalservice personnel with emphasis on possiblerecommendations for management in regard todelineation of duties and responsibilities withinthe current structure of the Air Force health caredelivery systems.
Definition of Utilization Field
The Medical Service Utilization Field includesthe Medical Service Specialist, AFSC 90230/50,the Medical Service Technician, AFSC 90270, andthe Medical Service Superintendent, AFSC 90292.According to AFM 39-1, the Medical ServiceSpecialist "Performs technical 'nursing dutiesinvolved in the care and treatment of patients;assists with patient movements by air evacuationand ambulance; and assists with nonflying physicalexaminations." The 7- and 9-skill level descriptionsrequire administrative and supervisory experienceand assign greater responsibility for independentduty. The Medical Service Specialist is required tointeract and coordinate with patients, physicians,and nurses to provide a comprehensive, high-quality patient care service.
Definition of Occupational Analysis
The Air Force method of occupational analysismakes use of Air Force-wide job surveys for thecollection of quantitative data directly from jobincumbents who describe their job within thespecialty area. In completing the job survey, each
3
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
incumbent supplies identification and backgrounddata and checks those tasks which are part of hispresent job. He then rates the tasks he checked ona 7-point scale, indicating the relative amount oftime spent on each task compared to all othertasks performed. The ratings range from 1 (verymuch below average) to 7 (very much aboveaverage) with 4 being a mid-point (about average).
The techniques for conducting occupationalsurveys and analysis are reported in a series ofresearch reports dating back to 1958. Past researchand continuing experience with survey dataderived from the job task inventory indicate thatthis technique produces highly reliable informa-tion about existing Air Force jobs.
Air Force occupational surveys are authorizedunder AFM 35-2, Occupational Analysis, and arepart of the Air Force Personnel Testing Program.The computer analysis system, Compreb..:nsiveOccupational Data Analysis Programs (CODAP),developed for use in the analysis of occupationalsurvey data consists of almost 50,000 programinstructions and is fully documented only intechnical systems manuals.
The Job Inventory
The job inventory was constructed using thegeneral procedures described by Morsh and Archer(1967). The inventory consisted of 600 taskstatements grouped under 11 duty headings. Ofthe 600 tasks, 575 tasks were identical orequivalent to task statements used in the NurseUtilization Field Job Inventory, AFPT80-97XX-011. The other 25 tasks were unique tothe Medical Service Utilization Field and notperformed by nurses. The biographical informa-tion included in the survey was kept as similar aspossible to the Nurse Utilization Field Inventory.
The job inventory was administered in accord-ance with AFM 35-2 at each Air Force base andapproximately 2,800 completed survey bookletswere returned for analysis. From the 2,800returns, 1,996 cases were randomly selected forinclusion in the job-type analysis. The 1,996sample size was used because of existing samplesize restrictions in the present computing capa-bility of the CODAP system on the IBM 7040computer. Distributions of cases selected byCommand, Duty AFSC, and Grade are included inTables 1, 2, and 3.
II. IDENTIFICATION OF JOB TYPES
As a first step in the analysis, the computerconverts each individual's relative time-spentresponses (1-7 scale) to percent time ratings. Toobtain the percent time ratings, all of anincumbent's time-spent ratings are summed andthe total is assumed to represent 100 percent ofhis time spent on the job. Each rating is divided bythe total and the quotient multiplied by 100 togive a percent time spent estimate on each task,For the purpose of organizing jobs into similarunits of work, an automated job-clusteringcomputer program was used. This hierarchical-grouping program (Christal & Ward, 1967) is thebasic part of the CODAP system for job analysis.The computer compares each individual with everyother individual in the sample in terms of percenttime spent on each and every task in theinventory . The computer locates the two personswith the most similar jobs and combines them toform a group with a composite job description. Insuccessive stages, the program adds other membersto this group or forms new groups based onsimilarity in the percent of time spent on tasksdescription. This procedure is continued until allindividuals and groups are combined to form asingle group. At each stage of the grouping processan index of homogeneity is calculated. This index,percentage of work overlap of group members, isexplained by Archer (1966). The index is anestimate of the overlap of work that would beexpected if a member of the group was randomlyreassigned to a job in that same group.
A diagram of the results of the hierarchicalgrouping procedures are included in Figure 1. Eachgroup is identified by a group number indicatingthe stage in the program during which the groupwas formed, the overlap value, and number ofsubjects in the group. For example, GRP 001 wasformed at group stage 1, the last stage of thegrouping program. The overlap at this stage is 0.3percent. There are 1,996 individuals in the group.Since it is the last stage, this is equivalent to thetotal sample.
For those designated groups, the raw data fromboth the background information and task listingwere converted into a form more readilyinterpretable for identifying job types. Reportsobtained included background variables withdescriptive statistics for quantifiable data and listsof tasks with percent members performing, andaverage percent time values for each task. Extractsfrom the task list report for GRP 001 appear inTable 4. Additional reports, identifying thedifferences in those tasks performed by the major
4
job types and the identification of the primarytasks performed by each job type, are included inAppendix A and B.
III. RESULTS
Table 5 presents data for each of the majorclusters and subclusters from the task inventory,including the number of members in each group,and the number of tasks representing 25, 50, and100 percent of total group work time.
In spite of the wide variance in number of tasksappearing in the different percentages of the job, itis interesting to note that no group claimed toperform all of the tasks in the inventory. Bycomparing the data indicating the number of tasksthat represent a given percent of time for the totaljob, it is clear that GRP's 123, 268, and 55 havethe more heterogeneous duties. That is, theyperform a much wider variety of tasks than any ofthe other groups represented.
Table 6 presents data from the backgroundsection of the survey for the major clusters andsubclusters, including grade, percent assigned inCONUS, average education level, average numberof pieces of equipment the incumbent is familiarwith., job interest and felt utilization of talents andtraining. The administrative cluster (GRP 55), asexpected, had an extremely high grade structure.Less expected was the high average grade of thoseindividuals assigned to the air evacuation squad-rons. The lowest average grade for a group is theOB ward cluster, who also show lesser values ofjob interest and felt-utilization of talents andtraining. The emergency services group falls inabout the mid-range of the groups in gradestructure, but report the most job interest and feltutilization. In contrast members of the centralsterile supply group, who also fall in the mid-rangeof grades, have the lowest values for job interestand felt utilization. Note that there is nosignificant difference between the average educa-tion level of any of these groups.
Brief summary descriptions are presented foreach of the major clusters and subclusters, in orderfrom left to right in Figure 1. Each job cluster isidentified by both the group number and itsrespective title.
Emergency Services - Outpatient GRP 123
As indicated in Table 6, members of this groupreported a great deal of job interest and feel wellutilized in their career field. They perform a
relative wide range of tasks and are familiar with awide assortment of equipment. The cluster isdivided into three subclusters, as indicated inFigure 1. These subclusters represent individualsassigned to the emergency room and ambulancesection, to outpatient clinics, and supervisors ofthese two groups. Listed as follows are represent-ative tasks performed by the emergency servicecluster:
Apply bandages
Change dressings
Administer first -aid.
Take and record blood pressures
Answer telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members
Clean and maintain equipment
Remove sutures
Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations
Suture lacerations
Administer intramuscular medications
Approximately 90 percent of the cluster performeach of these tasks and these 10 tasks representover 10 percent of the time spent by the entirecluster. To summarize the job of the emergencyservice cluster, they are the first line of healthcare. They see the patient when he first arrives fortreatment. The tasks these specialists performrequire a great deal of responsible, professionalhealth care. It is probably because of thisresponsibility that the emergency service clusterdoes show such a high degree of job interest andfelt utilization of talent and training.
Ward Services Cluster - Inpatient GRP 268
As indicated in Table 5, this group performs awider variety of tasks than any other group. Theaverage grade is only 3.4, which is in the lowerrange of all groups. From Figure 1 it can be seenthat the ward services cluster is broken into twosubclusters: the general ward corpsman and thespecial ward corpsman. The special ward corpsmanis usually identified with one single specialty ward,such as pediatrics, psychiatry, air evacuationstaging squadron, or surgery, while the generalcorpsman was usually assigned to a generalmedicine ward. Listed as follows are representativetasks performed by the ward services cluster:
Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations
5
Take and record blood pressures
Collect food trays or serving units
Make beds
Administer bedpans or urinals
Clean patient care unit
Clean ward utility room
Collect and label specimens such as urine, feces,or sputum from patients
Clean and maintain equipment
Measure and record intake and output
An average 94 percent of all members in the wardservices cluster perform each of these tasks. Thetasks listed account for just over 9 percent of thetotal percent time represented by the entirecluster. To summarize the duties of the wardservices personnel, they monitor progress ofinpatients, provide custodial care for these pa-tients, and perform most of the janitorial duties onthe ward.
In the comments section of the job surveymany individuals who were assigned as wardcorpsmen commented that they were not givenenough responsibility and spent too much timeperforming janitorial duties. This probably ac-counts for the ratings obtained for the feltutilization and job interest for this group.
OB Ward-Inpatient - GRP 64
The OB ward subcluster, as indicated in Table6, had the lowest average grade of any of themajor clusters or subclusters. They also fell intothe lower range on the job interest and felt utili-zation scales. Their job descriptions indicate thattheir jobs are a great deal more homogeneous thaneither the Emergency Service Group or the WardServices Group. (See Table 5, average number oftasks performed and the number of tasks thataccount for 25 percent of their time spent) Apartial list of representative tasks performed bythis subcluster includes:
Take and record pulses, temperatures andrespirations
Take and record blood pressures
Collect food trays or serving units
Clean patient care unit
Make beds
Clean ward utility room
Clean and maintain equipment
Fold or count linen
Perform general housekeeping duties
Answer telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members.
These taks represent over 18 percent of the totaltime spent by this group with an average ofapproximately 78 percent of the members per-forming each of these tasks. Note the greatsimilarity between these tasks and those listed forthe Ward services group. The primary` differencebetween the two groups is that the OB Wardsubcluster spends more time performing janitorialtasks and a few specialized tasks common only tothe care of female patients and the delivery ofbabies. The comments section from members ofthe OB ward subcluster was very similar to thatreported for the ward services. The medical servicespecialists assigned to the 013 Ward desire moreresponsibility and interaction with the patientthan they are currently afforded.
Administrative Services Cluster - Inpatient GRP 55
The members of the Administrative ServicesCluster feel well utilized and are interested in theirjobs (Table 6). They perform a wide range of tasksand Are familiar with a wide variety of equipment.Most of this can be accounted for by the higheraverage grade of this cluster, which indicates moreexperience and a greater career commitment. Mostof the members of this group are in at least theirsecond enlistment and many are in their third,fourth, or fifth enlistment. As can be seen inFigure 1, the cluster consists of two subclusters.One cluster consists of individuals who are as-signed to the nursing services section of thehospital, the other is the ward supervisors orNCOICs. The vast majority of the time spent bythis group is in monitoring and supervising theperformance of other Medical Service Specialistsor performing hospital administrative functions.They have little direct patient contact. A repre-sentative list of tasks performed are listed asfollows:
Answers telephone calls for or from patients orhospital staff members.
Supervise 902X0 or 902X2 personnel
Determine work priorities
Counsel personnel on personal problems
Counsel personnel on performance evaluationsor standards
Direct or supervise utilization of equipment andsupplies
6
Evaluate performance of Medical Servicepersonnel
Coordinate work activities with other sections
Develop or inrove work methods or proce-dures
Direct or supervise housekeeping activities
These tasks represent over 10 percent of the timespent by this group, with an average of 83 percentof all members in the group performing each ofthese tasks.
Unlike the supervisor subcluster identified inthe emergency service group, these supervisors donot provide any health care directly to the patient.Their jobs consist primarily of clerical and admin-istrative types of tasks.
Air Evacuation - GRP 151
This was a relatively small subcluster of seniorNCOs who may be misclassified and would bemore accurately assigned with AFSC 901X0,Aeromedical Specialist. These individuals appar-ently do fly with the Aeromediad EvacuationSquadrons. A list of representative taks performedby this subcluster includes:
Perform preflight check of patient care area onaeromedical aircraft
Enplane or deplane patients during aeromedicalevacuation
Serve inflight meals
Prepare aircraft to receive patients
Supervise enplaning or deplaning patients
Prepare medical supplies or equipment foraeromedical evacuation
Supervise the onloading, securing, or off-loading of aeromedical supplies or equipment
Supervise
medical equipment prior to take-off
Supervise preparation of aircraft to receivepatients
Plan or provide nursing care in flight.
Each of these tasks is performed by 100 per-cent of the group members and the tasks represent21 percent of the total time spent by the entiregroup.
Other Patient Services - GRP 21
This group consists of three rather heteroge-neous subclusters. Note in Figure 1 that theoverlap for the cluster is only 13 percent which issignificantly smaller than any of the other major
clusters. Two of the clusters, physical examinationand allergy and immunization, are clearly out-patient job types while the third, reception, isperformed in both outpatient and inpatient jobtypes. Reception includes admitting clerks, forhospitals as well as receptionist at outpatientclinics. The physical examination and allergy andimmunizations subclusters can be generally classi-fied as well-patient clinic functions. There is nosingle set of representative tasks that can describethe entire cluster. Note from Table 6 that jobinterest and felt utilization of this group is in thelower range of the clusters listed. This most likelyis due to the highly repetitive nature of the tasksperformed by this group. This hypothesis isfurther supported by Table 5 which shows thatjust 38 tasks comprise. SO percent of the total timespent by the cluster. This is especially impressivewhen you consider the diversity of job typesincluded in this cluster.
Central Sterile Supply - GRP 13
This is a small subcluster whose primary tasksconsist of sterilizing instruments, and maintainingadequate equipment and supplies for the wards.They have little or no patient contact. Theyperform only few tasks that account for most oftheir time and do not feel well utilized nor showmuch job interest. Representative tasks for thisgroup include:
Prepare items for sterilization
Sterilize instruments
Sterilize supplies
Operate distillation equipment
These four tasks represent more than 20percent of the total time spent by the group; eachis performed by an average of 80 percent of themembers. Excluding those tasks related to sterili-zation activities, the tasks performed by this groupmore closely resemble the job of a MedicalMaterial Specialist (AFSC 915X0) than theMedical Service Specialist. Because of the smallernumber of individuals in this group and the lack ofcommonality of the tasks performed, excludingthe three sterilization tasks, it is impossible tomake any conclusive recommendations about thisjob cluster.
IV. DISCUSSION
Nearly all of the major clusters presented inFigure 1 could be clearly dichotomized on thebasis of the type of patient receiving the care (i.e.,inpatient or outpatient). The outpatient clustersinclude GRP 123, Emergency Services, and most
7
of GRP 21, Other Patient Services. Their role inhealth care is to provide either emergency services(suturing lacerations, applying casts), or mainte-nance care (giving physical exams and givingallergy and immunization shots). The inpatientclusters include GRP 268, Ward Services, GRP 64,OB Ward, GRP 55, Administrative Services, and asmall segment of GRP 21, Other Patient Services.The role of the inpatient care groups appears to betwo-fold; first, they monitor the recovery ofpatients and second, they are responsible for muchof the hospital administration.
The differences between tasks performed bythe inpatient groups versusthe outpatient groupsis very clear and dramatic. Representative differ-ences between GRP 123 (Outpatient) and GRP268 (Inpatient) are presented in Appendix B.These two groups represent 60 percent of the totalsample and are most representative of the techni-cal (non-administrative) tasks performed by first-term (78 percent of these groups are first-termairmen).
Having observed the noticeable differences intasks performed by the Medical Service Specialistassigned to Inpatient Services versus OutpatientServices, it is necessary to consider the impact ofdividing the medical service career field into twoshredouts, one for outpatient and one for inpa-tient.
First, consider the impact on patient care.Because the tasks performed in the Medical ServiceCareer Field are technical in nature, the individualassigned to the Inpatient Services for one tour andthen to Outpatient Services is faced with having torelearn many skills he has lost since technicalschool training and, in addition, he must learn newprocedures developed since his origbaal schooling.Because of the rapid development in the area ofthe health services, a second process is also takingplace when the individual switches from one ofthese groups to the other. His previously learnedskills are becoming obsolete. This technicalobsolescence means that, if required to return tothe job of his original assignment, he will not onlyhave to relearn many skills that naturally perishfrom disuse but also learn totally new technicalskills and procedures. This continuous learning andrelearning cycle means the patient is not receivingthe same quality level of services that could beprovided if the Medical Services Career Ladderwere divided into outpatient and inpatientshredouts.
It is also expected that providing inpatient-outpatient shredouts for the Medical ServiceCareer Ladder would produce more job interestand felt utilization by members of this career field.
The airmen would have inure job stability acrossassignments, yet each shredout would still possesssufficient variability to allow the individual toperform a wide range of tasks. The most commoncomment made by Medical Service personnelsurveyed related to the dissatisfaction of beingreassigned to either outpatient or inpatient serviceafter having completed a tour in the other. Theirconsensus was that cross service reassignment wasa waste of talent and experience, and it appears tobe the major irritant within the career field. Bycreating separate shredouts this irritant should beeither eliminated or significantly reduced.
Other frequently stated comments were: (a) theMedical Services Specialist is not given enoughresponsibility for inpatient care, and (h) they werefrequently delegated janitorial tasks with littleopportunity to interact with either patients orprofessional medical personnel. Thus, they werenot afforded the opportunity to learn on the jobnor perform the tasks they were trained toperform. The first complaint, while worthy ofnote, may alleviate itself.with the advent of an allvolunteer medical force. If there is a reduction inthe number of professional medical personnel, theenlisted, technical personnel would be the natural
Table I. Distribution of Sample Across MajorAir Commands
MC N MC N MC
AAD 27 AFSC 104 PACAF 109ADC 50 ATC 295 SAC 470AFCS 15 AU 43 TAC 324AFLC 75 HQ COMD 50 USAFA 1
AFRES 2 HQ USAF 13 USAFE 117MAC 247 USAFSO 9
UNKNOWN 45
group to take up the slack. From the presentsurvey it appears that they are more than willingto accept any additional responsibility and areeager to learn new tasks to improve patient care.The complaint of being relegated to janitorial tasksmight well he alleviated by increased civilianiza-tion of janitorial services. This must be consideredif the Medical Service Specialist is expected toaccept a greater role in the Air Force health caresystem. The clustering and identification of jobtypes for the Medical Service Utilization Field washighly successful using the Nurses Job Inventory.Using the same inventory for related enlisted andofficer career fields will allow a combined analysisof both fields. This is expected to permit a usefuldifferentiation of jobs and indicate any common-ality of tasks performed by the groups. This typeof informa.ion should provide a significant impactin defining appropriate areas of responsibility,efficient manpower utilization procedures, andimproved satisfaction and retention of bothofficers and NCOs in the Medical Service andNursing career fields. More research is beingaccomplished in directly comparing the officer andenlisted jobs, and these dual comparative analyseswill be reported in succeeding reports.
Table 2. Distribution ot Duty AFSC'sFor Total Sample
AFSC
90230 41790250 1,25990270 27492092 32
Table 3. Grade Distribution of Total Sample
Grade N
El 2E2 100E3 862E4 448E5 293E6 140E7 68E8 20E9 2
8
GR
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N=
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Air
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N=
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ursi
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SPENT BY ALL MLISERS
TASK
3Y ALL AEiE..",
SEC:
\VI
1T .UY
PEKt-C.T
7)F
MF10(td.S
prRFir.).P'11N.)
0 -T Sr
Ac
0 181
:;01Y
/ I`,
,;1
IrLL
A,SP'k
P111
,,LL)
;':ON PA111-41J n4 HOSeITAL
S1,.(1
(21
TAKI
iLL.ID 0.'S)ORLS (33-))
o'.hZ
1..5'
1.28
1.24
1.28
2.'32
itOt_ ,4
ilgP"
kfLHLS 440
SP/,\ATIU.iS (331)
03.32
1.3',
1.16
3.hl
E71
CLE,4'4 A:.0 "11(1-11J t,01) EJI (220)
75.35
1.2r,
J.W.
4.JG
B133
Pf:FJ-so. .3L11
H,,USCKEEPIN., DUTIES (;.62)
o7.7:6
:.67
5.45
5
A6u
L:rs_L S,-( iN-4
FILL
L:Al
JR
1.1<( JO Civt% KtOUEST
r 14m,
(',')
(1.7,
1.71
).86
6.31
4101
d2teAmt CoS0LIAIT01 R. JUII..TS
JR L'
(1:1)
,o.13
1.2,
3.45
7.16
Blo
ADMINISTER IiTri'v),C)1
('ICATIC".S
( 165)
7'..7)
1.32
0.72
7.48
63)
APPLY .',11:%,,5 (10 ,)
70.1J
1.1.
0.7..
8.59
8Rd
FOLD Um CUU:I Llyt
(217)
03.qd
1.0"
0.69
9.28
10
t,
7_
CP-0..JE OR, .c.14)S (e1,1
67.23
1.00
0.67
9.95
677
C01_(
LA''L
Cl'-' , )0_ AS U111,, rrLS
SP0T0m
0).51
1.0t
0.66
10.61
FKU
VPATIE.IS (226)
Ebi
TAKE FLL(IT:ILA,(flO0PIP1
(-KG)
(4o J)
59.82
1.11
0.66
11.28
A6
A'S1)T
0.1
r,
I,v PLA-Iu5 FLLCPh0
C1LLS (11)
.J6.93
').60
11.88
Es
74
LL- \:1
,,ATICT1
LA
RE
J11
(21.3)
)3.76
1.1"
0.59
12.47
15
8A
65
INV
IF Wf .'1I-PLIES
(.'5)
56.16
1.1)
r',.59
13.06
A18
CC-110INIATE WITH PHYSIC11, ?Fr;ARDI4, PATIENI
(15)
57.01
1.01
3.59
13.55
B73
CLr. MINOR SUkutmY 1J-
-xAMI4AIION ROOMS (22 2)
X4.01
1.0 i
0.58
14.24
815)
P4'k
i','U
PIIILNIS
PHYSIC I.: PXAMIJATIul
57.06
.99
1.56
14.6:
TRE4T'1ENT (314)
B176 SET UP U2 LSE CAYot.1 EQUIPMEW (325)
67.93
.82
0.56
15.36
20
13
12 ADMINISTER FIRST AID (161)
61.62
0.91
0.56
15.92
13
25.ADMIIISTER
qAL
(1/4)
64.4d
0.86
0.56
16.47
e134
MAKE BEDS tamFR 111$4
IPOSTOPERATIVE UR R(:01,-.°Y (253)
54.16
1.02
n.55
17.03
A59
INITIATE ,EQUESTS IC CE1TR4L STERILE SUPPLY (59)
57.72
3.94
0.54
17.57
b7o
CLEAN A'ARD UTILITY MOv (725)
) J.65
1.06
0.54
18.11
25
Eu2
FAKE CULTU0-S Ti, ULFFP'"INE THE EXISTF4CF OF
54.36
0.98
0.53
18.64
OISEAS--Pl(PLUCINo 0R0A\TIS s (499)
B177
SET UP oR USE SUL110'4 (:001rL.T (326)
66.23
J.79
0.53
19.16
B76
COLLECT FOCC TRAYS 9P
ERVI'.0 UNITS (227) -
48.5J
1.04
0.52
19.69
A25
COUR011TE WITH 1,./A1.00ASTE2 (NCOIC) REG:AR(.)1u PATIENT
,2.51
).9"
0.52
2U.20
CARt (2))
A81
0R1(-NT
0ATI41S TO H1S.,11.;1_ RULES
-.1.) L'IrILITI:S (81)
53.90
3.9,
0.51
2u.71
30
83
ADN.141,1-.=R
O,cf ,ILS (15/1
54.96
).90
0.50
21.21
C21
AD lIvIJT1-.. '(Jr-CJIAvtoti, .:FoIC:110N) (1761
57.06
).8%
C.48
21.69
B19,
FP'INSPO 'I
01111-NT)
1L1TTr.'S (319)
58.77
3.92
0.48
22.17
d91
5.,..TA.I.AlLo
It
:1AL) (23'1
50.6/
3.4R
22.65
Table 5. Descriptive Task Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters
GroupNumber
Nuof mbmr
Members
AverageNuOf mber
TasksPerformed
Number of Tasks PerformedA Given Percent of Time
25% 50% 100%
GRP 123 521 134.58 29 74 596GRP 268 710 154.14 32 79 598GRP 64 124 58.58 15 41 427GRP 55 186 100.15 28 72 564GRP 151 22 82.82 13 34 322GRP 21 203 34.96 13 38 483GRP 13 32 29.13 6 18 285
Table 6. Descriptive Background Data for Major Clusters and Subclusters
GroupNumber
AverageGrade
AverageEquipmentWith Which
FamiliarAverage
EducationLevel
JobInterest
(1.7 Scale)
FeltUtilization(1.7 Scale)
PercentAssignedCONUS
GRP 123GRP 268GRP 64GRP 55GRP 151GRP 21GRP 13
4.23.43.05.55.63.94.0
26.626.217.333.527.521.822.3
12.812.612.712.712.212.612.6
5.355.074.805.105.274.744.23
4.033.563.043.993.823.182.86
76888587558594
REFERENCES
AF Manual 39- I . Airmen classification manual.Washington, D.C.: Department of the AirForce, 29 December 1969.
AF Manual 35-2. Occupational analysis proceduresfor conducting occupational surveys and AirForce specialty evaluations. Washington, D.C.:Department of the Air Force, 9 July 1968.
Archer, W.B. Comp.,:;tation of group job descrip-tions from occupational survey dataPRL-TR-66-12, AD-653 543. Lackland AFB,Tex.: Personnel Research Laboratory, Aero-space Medical Division, December 1966.
Christal, R.E., & Ward, J.H., Jr. The MAXOFclustering model. In M. Lorr & S.B. Lyerly(Eds.), Proceedings of the conference on clusteranalysis of multivariate data. New Orleans, La.:Catholic University of America, June 1967,11.02-11.45.
Morsh, J.E., & Archer, W.B. Procedural guide forconducting occupational surveys in the UnitedStates Air Force. PRL-TR-67-11, AD-664 036.Lackland AFB, Tex.: Personnel ResearchLaboratory, Aerospace Medical Division,September 1967.
.
APP
EN
DIX
A: P
RIM
AR
Y T
ASK
S PE
RFO
RM
ED
BY
MA
JOR
CL
UST
ER
S
PRIMARY JOB TYPE ICENTIFIERS SELECTEE', BY PERCENT OF MEMBERS PERFORMING
PRIJOB MAJOR CLUSTERS
0Y-TSK
DESCRIPTION
GRP123
GRP064
GRP151
GRP:13
GRP26B
GRP055
G170021
A2 ANSWER TELEPHONE CALLS FUR OR FROM PATIENTS OR HOSPITAL
85
979
88
32
76
31
STAFF MEMBERS (2)
A6 ASSIST PATIENTS IN PLACING TELEPHONE CALLS (6)
62
89
61
53
14
27
13
A21 COORDINATE WORK ACTIVITIES WITH OTHER SECTIONS (211
45
32
381
59
38
38
._..._
A23 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL PROBLEMS (23)
29
_27
288
36
15
13
A24 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS OR
31
22
287
36
14
9
STANDARDS (241
A29 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES (291
43
38
13
83
41
25
31
A3p DEVELOP OR IMPROVE WORK METHODS OR PROCEDURES (30)
50
46
16
84
50
38
25
A35 DIRECT OR SUPERVISE THE UTILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT AND
41
36
683
32
21
31
SUPPLIES (351
.....
A42 EVALUATE DUTY PERFURMAkE0MEDICALSERVICEOERSON&EL142f
-
29
21
381
41
13
6
A66 LABEL SPECIMENS AND FILL OUT LABORATORY SPECIMEN REQUEST
83
80
56
57
557
16
FORMS (661
A81 ORIENT NEW PATIENTS TO HOSPITAL RULES AND FACILITIES (81)
24
92
51
40
512
0
A82 ORIENT VISITORS TO WARD (82)
12
84
52
3'
13
A ..1UPREPARE.CONSULTATLON REQUESTS OR LAB stAp5_ (lii)
83
66
_31
53
.75
6
83 ADMINISTER BED PANS OR URINALS (152)
33
95
53
20
68
20
_____B
6 ADMINISTER COMPLETE BED BATHS (155)
988
27
11
23
10
B7 ADMINISTER EAR DROPS (156)
81
64
1G
19
45
14
3
88_ADMINISTER EAR IRRIGATIONS (157)
89
50
616
18
20
3B
9 ADMINISTER ENEMAS (158)
46
85
23
16
14
50
pnADMINISTER EYE LROPS (159)
87
75
29
25
45
15
3
811 ADMINISTER EYE IRRIGATIONS (16(0
87
53
16
18
27
11
0'
0_12 ADMINISTER FIRST AID (1611
93
65
15
31
50
30
13
B16 ADMINISTER INTRAMUSCULAR MEDICATIONS (1651
92
83
48
37
55
36
6
019 ADMINISTER IPPB (INTERMITTANT POSITIVE PRESSURE BREATHING)
51
88
34
26
5(
33
THERAPY (1681
.
B25 ADMINISTER ORAL MEDICATIONS (1741
77
87
26
29
68
20
08
26 ADMINISTER PARTIAL BED BATHS (1751
15
89
28
11
23
30
827 ADMINISTER SUBCUTANEOUS MECICATIONS 11761
84
65
13
22
36
25
3
B32 ADMINISTER WOUND IRRIGATIONS (181)
85
65
715
18
53
B33 AMBULATE PATIENTS (182)
35
94
39
13
55
30
835 APPLY BANDAGES (184)
94
88
26
31
50
28
6
13 .41 APPLY coo BY ICE CAP OR COMPRESSES (19C)
7?
89
25
16
27
60
B43 APPLY HEAT BY CRADLE, HOT WATER BOTTLE OR COMPRESSES (192)
38
34
22
15
27
20
B45 APPLY HEAT BY K-PAD OR CHEMICAL HEATING PAD (194)
19
92
35
20
41
13
B .49 APPLY SPLINTS 1198)
84
28
211
910
60
5J ARRANGE FURNITURE IN PATIENT'S NOON (199)
682
47
21
51
C8
56 ASSIST PATIENTS TO TURN, COUGH AND DEEPBREATHE (2-5)
li;
42
28
15
41
13
AL 7J _CHANGE DillaspRis jun
____
_93
87
_ZI_
20
_..5p.
_20
._.
3._
_.
B71 CLEAN AND MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT (2?-)
9:-
91
72
38
55
34
47
(3
73 CLEAN MINOr SURGERY OR EXAMINATION ROOMS (222)
8,:
57
42
17
C27
13
874 CLEAN PATIE4a CARE UNIT (223)
.24
92
81
28.
83
B76 CLEAN WARD UTILITY ROOM (225)
15
94
74
26
:.;
26
B77 COLLECT ANU LABEL SPECIMENS SUCH AS URINE, FECES OR SPUTUM
67
95
65
29
516
C.
FM PATIENTS (2261
_....
_FROM
._.
B73 COLLECT FOCD TRAYS OR SERVING UNITS (227)
595
85
20
36
10
B81 DISPOSE OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS (23'1
56
87
60
29
27
14
25
884 ESCORT PATIENT.; UN AABULANCE RUNS (233)
82
58
2:.
18
..
20
13
887 FEEL INCAV.%CITUEL) PaNNTS (236)
792
27
10
68
10
IL
88 FOLD OR COUNT LINEt4 (237)
64
85
73
34
527
38
B()
GIVE BACK GIBS (239)
lc
82
23
736
10
89v INSTRUCT PATIENTS IN CRJTC.i WALKING (248)
82
41
28
55
3
B 1,:4 MAKE BEDS OTHER IHAN POSTOPi,RATIvE cR RECOvFY (253)
27
94
77
25
23
33
B 106 MAKE POSTOPH:AFIvL OR R-E0vERY BEDS (2551
586
52
17
r:
03
B 112 MEASURE ANO RECGRU INTAKE ANU OUTPUT (261)
12
93
57
2Q
45
10
B 119. OBSERVE AND REPORT CHANGES IN CONDITION OF PATIENTS (268)
45
84
49
26
36
76..
B 122 ORGANIZE OR RESTOCK INTRAVENOUS CART OR TRAY (271)
60
81
41
21
51
13
B 133 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING DUTIES (?2)
74
85
6G
38
45
36
19
B 134 PERFORM ISOLATION OX REVERSE ISOLATION TECHNIQUE (283)
13
84
36
17
5:i
26
B 135 PERFORM ORAL HYGIENE (24)
12
82
99
36
10
8 138 PERFORM POSTCPERAIIV'c CARE (297)
13
63
26
17
,1
:
8 148 PERFORM URINE TEST FUR SUGAR, ACETONE OR ALBUMIN (297)
5:'
88
4::
20
36
11
0B 168 SERVE BETWEEN -MEAL NOURISHMENT TO PATIENTS 13171
285
45
1"
59
0G
8 169 SERVE PkESC:i1BED DIETS TO ..,ATIENTS (318)
285
49
16
55
00
B 176 SET UP OR USE OXYGEN EQUIPMENT (325)
81
91
58
32
73
831
B 177 SET UP CR USE SUCTION EQUIPMENT (326)
8.
89
55
28
73
634
8 181 TAKE ANC RECORD 6LO0D PRESSURES (33u)
96
97
89
50
82
78
16
___8. 182_TAKE AND RESORU PULSES, TEMPERATURES AND RESPIRATIOAS (331)
9'.
97
94
48
77
67
16
,.,_
E13 DE8RIDE WOUNDS (41
183
26
17
63
E62 TAKE CULTURES In DETERMINE THE EXISTENCE OF
84
53
27
31
u32
6
-DISEASE- PRCGUCi'G ORGANISMS (459)
E63 TAKE ELECTA1CARDIOGRAPH (EKG) TRACINGS (46
)R3
66
16
28
14
44
13
F8 PREPARE ITEMS FOR STERILIZATION (473)
41
34
58
19
95
91
_F ,__.9_5TERILILE INSTRUMENTS (474)
32
23
52
15
95
84
Fr STERILIZE SUPPLIES (475)
V.,
21
51
14
93
84
G..22 REMOVE SUTURS (497)
92
49
616
519
9
G27 SUTURE LACERATIONS (5t'2)
88
15
18
57
9
J5 COORDINATE WITh FLIGHT CREI, CONCERNING SUCH ITEMS AS
22
11
86
r..'
FLIGHT PLAN CR MISSION REQUIREMENTS (552)
_____,I.
"ENPLANE OR DEPLANE PATIENTS _DURING 4EROMEDICAL
29
19
55
ICL.
39
EVACUATION (554)
J_
9 UNLOAD CR CFFLOAD BAGGAGE GORING AEROMEDICAL
21
15
22
I',
36
EVACUATION (556)
J1,) OPERATE INFLIGHI Ei47RGE%CY JXYGFN SYSTEMS (5571
21
195
3
J11 PERFORM PREFLIGHT CHECK OF PATIENT CARE AREA ON
11
02
I.'-r
3
......
_.
AEROMEDICAL 4Ik.CRAFT (558)
J12 PLAN OR PRCVIDE NURSING CARE IN FLIGHT (559)
11
c.
11 _
n3
J.
13 PREPARE AIRCRAFT TO RECEIVE PATIENTS (56'i)
11
0.3
1C%
03
J14 PREPARE ANL GIVC PREFLIGHT BRIEFING TO MEDICAL CREW (561)
11
Z--
186
00
J15 PREPARE MEDICAL SUPPLIES U' EQUIPMLNT FOR AEROMEDICAL
56
11.;..
r6
EVACUATION (562)
_ J .
16 PREPAP.E OR GiVE PREFLIGHT AND INFLIGHT BRIEFINGS TO
14
..
191
0.0
PATIENTS (563)
J22 SECURE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PRIOR Ti TAKE-OFF (569)
22
111.
13
J23 SERvE INFLIGHT MEALS (57 .')
-t.'
11
nlr.".
13
J24 SUPERVISE AIRCRAFT SANITAT11N (571)
00
182
10
1
APPENDIX B. TASK DIFFERENCE DESCRIPTION BETWEEN GROUPS 131 and 265
,IFFERENCE BET,,ELN GRPI21 AND GAP.468
uOlu72 PAGE
I
2.1ROUP DIOFEFiEttmnThvc. 4E2x0 -
*
.:(21,123 MEMBERS =
521 KPATH ORDER FRJM
1TO
521 uROUP STAGE =
123
GRP26b MEMBERS
KPATH ORDER FROM
522 TO 1231 3ROUP STAGE =
268
PERCENT MEMBERS PERFORMING-DIFFERENCE. GRP123 MINUS GRP268
GRP268 PERCENT MEMBERS PERFURMING
GRP123 PERCENI MEMBERS PERFORMING
0 -15K
G 0
G2.
04
E61
TASK TITLE
SU
TU
RE
LA
CE
RA
TIO
NS
(5021
__
PREPARE EMERGENCY REPORTS SUCH AS INJURY. ANIMAL BITE OR
POISONING REPORTS (495)
ADMINISTER LOCAL ANESTHESIA (181)
SUGGEST OR ORDER LABJRATURY Jo X-RAY PROCEDURES FOR
.
89.48
76.79
;:..';
14.51
9.15
6.-1
17.21
73.99
67.62
64.43
61.76
PATIENTS (458)
(;
25
SCREEN OUTPATIENTS TO DETERMINE THEIR CLASSIFICATION OR
64.69
4.65
6'.C4
PRIORITY OF TREATMENT 1500)
837
APPLY CASTS TO THE EXTREMITIES (186)
73.70
16.2-
57.51
E13
OEBRIDE WOUNDS 1410)
82.92
75.77
57.14
844
APPLY SPLINTS (1981
84.26
2b.45
55.61
E66
61211E PRESCRIPTIONS FOR PHYSICIAN SIGNATURE (4651
73.25
15.21
55.:4
517
DRIVE MILITARY VEHICLES IN PE0FURMING MEDICAL
73.7:
1,.67
54.63
DUTIES (4141
E18
IDENTIFY AND MANAGE BURNS (415)
79.65
25.49
54.16
G18
PERFORM MINOR SURGERY (4931
58
5.37
53.85
62
ADMINISTER IMMUNIZATIONS (477)
7 "1.1:
23.66
46.31
8 164
REMOVE PLASTER CASTS (313)
69.87
22.96
46.91
A 117
PREPARE OR MAINTAIN OUTPATIENT RECORDS (1071
65.52
23.24
47.23
E65
G22
TIE OFF UR CLAMP BLEEDERS t4621
REMOVE SUTURES (497)
, 92.13
7.46
49.01
43.78
45.12
E23
IDENTIFY AND MANAGE FRACTURES OR DISLOCATIONS (4171
60.46
14.01
41.45
899
IND.RUC!. PATIENTS IN CRUTCH WALKING (248)
51.96
41.13
10-.83
8 173
SET UP INSTRUMENTS FOR MINOR SURGERY 1322)
78.89
10.17
4.:.72
06
EXPLAIN ANESTHETIC PROCEDURE TO PATIENT (3831
52.12
11.69
4,.33
B8
ADMINISTER EAR IRRIGATIONS (187)
88.87
8.-..14
38.73
E54
PRESCRIBE TREATMENTS (451)
42.42
4.38
38.33
A 1.9
PREPARE OR SUBMIT REPORTS OF TREATMENT (1091
57.97
21.27
36.73
B96
INITIATE REvULSTS FUR DRUGS FROM PHARMACY (245)
56.81
24.42
36.39
B2
ALLUUNT FOR NARCOTICS JR CONTROLLED DRUGS 1151)
45.11-
9.30
_37.81
B 158
PREPARE PRESCRIBED MEDICAIIUNS (3071
62.57
27.46
35.11
,:._
13
DETERMINE IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS (468)
:94.9
5.07
34.85
0e..)
MRITE DRUG GROERS AS PRESCRIBED BY PHYSICIAN ANU OBTAIN
51-..",0
34.53
HIS SIGNATURE (3971
B11
_
ADMINISTER EYE IRRIGATIONS (160)
87.14
52.96
34.18
G28
SUTURE SURGICAL INCISIONS (5311
37.62
3.94
33.69
A33
DIRECT UR SUPERVISE THE ADMINISTRWT1ON OF DRUGS (331
48.37
15.35
33.02
E64
TAKE X-RAYS (461)
37.62
4.93
A78
NOTIFY PHYSICIANS OF PATIENT ARRIVALS AND STATUA 1761
71.44
36.45
;21:11
Us
E33
OBTAIN MEDICAL HISTORY FROM PATIENT OR OTHER
54.32
22.68
31.64
INFORMANT (430)
E21
IDENTIFY AND MANAGE SUNSTROKE OR HEAT EXHAUSTION (4181
44.53
13.24
31.29
E19
IDENTIFY ARO MANAGE COLD INJURIES (4161
43.76
12.82
30.95
E62
TAKE CULTURES TO DETERMINE THE EXISTENCE OF
83.88
53.10
30.78
DISEASE-PRODUCING ORGANISMS (4591
B 121
OBTAIN PATIENT U4 FAMILY CONSrNT FUR TREATMENT (27:1
65.83
35.49
3.,..14
8 133
PERFORM EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE (2791
63.72
32.61
34.37
3.80
29.36
____ 28.83
E16
DIAGNOSE PATIENT ILLNESS (413)
B12
___AD MINISTER FIRST AID (161)
93.47
65.07
28.40
E51
SET UP EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN CARDIAC EMERGENCIES (4561
63.92
35.63
26.28
V5
DETERmIqE TYPE OF ANESTHETIC AGENT TO BE USED (3821
32.15
3.=,4
26.11
B 129
PERFORM DRUG INVENTORY (278)
37.04
9.31
26.03
898
INSERT ORAL AIRWAY (247)
61.15
35.35
27.8.:'
111
CONDUCT SICK CALL IN ABSENCE
PHYSICIAN 14381
28.41
2.68
25.71
E51
864
PRESCRIBE MLOICATIOAS (45,
GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (2381
27.:6
68.91
1.69
43.94
21 .) .37
24.96
622
ADMINISTER NARCOTICS (171)
61.23
36.34
24.139
B5
ADmINISIER CJLOSTJMY IRRIGATIONS (154)
8.45
46.48
-38.(3
B 146
PERFORM
TEST FOR SUGAR, ACETONE OR ALBUMIN (297)
7.71.71
86.03
-38.32
9ADMINISTER ENEMAS 1158)
45.87
85.07
-39.20
13119
OBSERVE AND REPORT CHANGES IN CONDITION OF PATIENTS (269)
44.72
83.94
-39.22
CO
A 144
SUPERVISE THE SERVING OF FOOD TO PATIENTS (144)
1.92
42.11
-4).19
rn
APREPARE OR MAINTAIN INP,JIENT RECORDS I1C6)
10.94
51.41
-4,47
1B 154
PREPARE PATIENTS FOR AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION (303)
24.76
66.06
-52.96
-41.30
-41.63
-C3
.11Z
892
IDENTIFY OR CARE FOR POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE (241)
11.32
B 111
MAKE WARD ROUNDS WITH PHYSICIANS (260)
5.76
48.45
-42.69
B 150
PREPARE AND MAINTAIN NURSING CARE PLANS (299)
2.88
48.31
-45.43
3w
855
ASSIST PATIENT WITH POSTURAL DRAINAGE (204)
9.96
55.63
-45.65
.c.^:
A 10
PREPARE INPATIENT I.D. BANDS (OTHER THAN INFANT) (143)
9.21
55.21
-46.60
B43
APPLY HEAT BY CRADLE, HOT WATER BOTTLE OR COMPRESSES (1921
37.81
83.94
-46.13
S;
B 170
A 117
SET UP AND REGULATE CROuPETEE (319)
RECEIVE AND DELIVER MAIL, MESSAGES JR PERSONAL ITEMS FOR
5.18
9.98
6...42
-5..44
00
I--
rn
PATIENTS (117)
A74
MEET WITH NURSES TO PLAN FOR TOTAL PATIENT CARE (74)
12.'8
63.10
-50.62
8 142
PERFORM TERMINAL DISINFECTION PROCEDURES (2911
15.36
66.90
-51.55
B 1d9
MAKE WARD ROUNDS ALONE (258)
3.45
57.61
-54.15
B 105
MAKE ENTRIES IN WARD CARDEXES (254)
3.84
59.86
-56.C2
B91
GIVE COMPREHENSIVE SKIN CARE (240)
68.31
-57.37
B 139
PLRFORM PREoPERATIvt CARE (288)
18.62
76.20
-57.58
A79
ORDER OR COORDINATE PATIENT DIETS WITH FOOD SERVICE (79)
4.22
63.24
-59.02
B44
APPLY HEAT t:Y ELECTRICAL HEATING PAD OR THERMAL
18.23
77.61
-59.37
BLANKET
I8
33
AMBULATE PATIENTS (182)
._
34.74
94.23
-59.48
A11
CHECK MASTER DIET LIST AGAINST PHYSICIANS' ORDERS (111
6.53
66.62
-6;.G9
8 188
TEACH P4TIE-4TS ABOUT POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY PROCEDURES SUCH
6.64
AS EXTREMITY MOVEMENTS, DEEP BREATHING OR COUGHING (337)
83
ADMINISTER BED PANS OR uRINALS.(152)
33.01
94.65
-61.63
b 1..4
MAKE BEDS DIHER THAN POSTOPERATIVE UR RECOVERY (253)
27.45
94.08
-66.64
74
CLEAN PATIENT CARE UNIT (223)
24.38
91.97
-67.6D
A81
ORIENT NEW PATIENTS TO HOSPITAL RULES AND FACILITIES (81)
24.18
92.25
-68.07
B75
CLEAN WARD KITCHEN (2241
5.76
74.79
-69.03
tl
138
PERFORM POSTOPERATIVE CARE (287)
13.24
82.82
-69.57
B 135
PERFORM ORAL HYGIENE (284)
11.90
81.97
-70.07
8 110
MAKE WARD ROUNDS WITH WARD NURSES, SUPERVISOR OR CHIEF
3.84
74.65
-70.81
NURSE (259)
B 134
PERFORM ISOLATION UR REVERSE ISOLATION TECHNIQUE (2631
13.24
84.38
-70.84
A82
ORIENT VISITORS TO wARD (82)
12.48
83.52
-71.05
B90
GIVE BACK RUBS (239)
10.36
81.83
-71.47
B45
APPLY HEAT BY K-PAD OR CHEMICAL HEATING PAD (194)
19.30
91.55
-72.55
B 175
SET UP ISOLATION UNITS (324)
5.57
79.15
-73.59
B26
ADMINISTER PARTIAL
BATHS (175)
14.59
89.15
-74.57
887
FEED INCAPACITATED PATIENTS (236)
7.29
81.39
85:1
ARRANGE FURNITURE IN PATIENT'S ROOM (199)
6.14
82.39
-76.25
B56
ASSIST PATIENTS TO TURN. COUGH AND DEEP BREATHE (205)
15.36
92.25
-76.90
6ADMINISTER COMPLETE EIED.BATHS (155)
9.21
87.75
-78.53
B76
CLEAN WARD UTILITY ROOM (225)
14.59
93.54
-79.36
1:6
MAKE POSTOPERATIVE
RECOVERY BEDS (255)
5.37
86.20
-80.82
B 112
-MEASURE AND RECORD INTAKE AND OUTPUT
11.71
92.96
-81.25
--
8 168
SERVE BETWEEN-MEAL
TO PATIENTS (317)
2.30
85.37
-82.77
B 169
SERVE PRESCRIBED DIETS TO PATTEWTS (318)
1.92
84.79
-82.87
B78
COLLECT FOOD TRAYS UR SERVING UNITS (227)
4.80
94.79
-89.99